共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
Max C. Stuelcken Daniel B. Mellifont Adam D. Gorman Mark G.L. Sayers 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(16):1516-1522
This study involved a systematic video analysis of 16 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries sustained by elite-level netball players during televised games in order to describe the game situation, the movement patterns involved, the player’s behaviour, and a potential injury mechanism. Eight of the ACL injuries were classified as “indirect contact” and eight as “non-contact”. Two common scenarios were identified. In Scenario A the player was jumping to receive or intercept a pass and whilst competing for the ball experienced a perturbation in the air. As a result the player’s landing was unbalanced with loading occurring predominantly on the knee of the injured side. In Scenario B the player was generally in a good position at ground contact, but then noticeably altered the alignment of the trunk before the landing was completed. This involved rotating and laterally flexing the trunk without altering the alignment of the feet. Apparent knee valgus collapse on the knee of the injured side was observed in 3/6 Scenario A cases and 5/6 Scenario B cases. Players may benefit from landing training programmes that incorporate tasks that use a ball and include decision-making components or require players to learn to cope with being unbalanced. 相似文献
3.
Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between shoulder alignment and elbow angle during the delivery action of fast-medium bowlers. The elbow and upper trunk alignment were recorded for 13 high-performance bowlers (mean age 20 years) using a 12-camera Vicon motion analysis system operating at 250 Hz. The three highest velocity trials for “good” and “short” length deliveries were analysed. Results showed that bowlers with a more front-on shoulder alignment at back-foot impact and when the upper arm was horizontal to the ground experienced a significantly greater elbow flexion – extension range when compared with those who had a more side-on orientation at the same point in the delivery action. Bowlers with greater shoulder counter-rotation also recorded higher elbow flexion and subsequently extension during the period from upper arm horizontal to ball release. Shoulder alignment and elbow angles were similar for “short” and “good” length deliveries. It was concluded that bowlers with a more front-on shoulder orientation at back-foot impact demonstrated a higher elbow extension from upper arm horizontal to ball release and are therefore more likely to infringe International Cricket Council elbow tolerance levels, compared with those who adopt a more side-on shoulder orientation at back-foot impact. 相似文献
4.
Implementation of a modified sport programme to increase participation: Key stakeholder perspectives
ABSTRACTModified sports, whereby equipment and rules are manipulated to facilitate skill performance, have been shown to promote skill learning and potentially increase participation. However, it is currently unexplored how key stakeholders – coaches and key figures working in National associations – who are critical stakeholders in implementing and delivering sport programmes, perceive modified sport. This study explored how tennis coaches and key figures working within tennis National associations perceived the impact of implementing a modified tennis campaign on participation and skill development in children and adults. Key figures and coaches around the world completed an online questionnaire. Both groups considered that modified tennis was positively associated with increasing and sustaining participation, skill learning, talent development and people’s attitude towards tennis. Furthermore, participants thought that a rule change (i.e., use of a low-compression ball in children competitions) and the campaign’s core messages (i.e., “serve, rally, score” and “easy, fun, and healthy”) have been critical for the success of the campaign. These results support previous research on the positive impact of modified tennis on skill development and provide a further impetus on implementing modified sports to increase participation. Other sports can adopt similar strategies to improve their modified programmes. 相似文献
5.
探索不同赛制下比赛表现指标对比赛结果产生的影响,选取2018年俄罗斯世界杯59场、118组技战术表现和跑动表现指标作为自变量,比赛胜、负作为因变量。运用K型聚类分析,对比分均衡比赛进行界定。根据比赛控球率的不同对比赛表现指标进行标准化处理。运用数据级数推断法界定各自个变量增加2个标准差对比赛获胜概率带来的变化。研究结果:1)在所有比赛中,9项技战术表现指标(射门次数、射正次数、射正率、定位球射门次数、突破进入罚球区次数、控球率、传球成功率、解围成功次数和防守反击次数)和3项跑动表现指标(本方控球时跑动距离、进攻三区跑动距离和对方罚球区跑动距离)使比赛获胜概率显著提升。对方控球时跑动距离则使获胜概率显著下降;2)在比分均衡比赛中,5项技战术表现指标(射门率、定位球射门次数、控球率、传球成功率和解围成功次数)和3项跑动表现指标(本方控球时跑动距离、进攻三区跑动距离和对方罚球区跑动距离)使比赛获胜概率显著提升。而向前传球次数、低强度跑距离、中强度跑距离、对方控球时跑动距离4项比赛表现指标则使获胜概率显著下降。研究表明,FIFA世界杯获胜球队在立足于防守的基础上,以防守反击和定位球作为主要进攻和得分手段,表现出与联赛球队不同的比赛策略。因此,各级球队在备战时应根据赛制和对手实力情况作出针对性的战术部署。 相似文献
6.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(2):169-176
AbstractThis study investigated compound spatial and temporal measures of interpersonal interactions purported to constrain the emergence of affordances for passing direction in the team sport of futsal. For this purpose, attacker–defender interactions in 37 sequences of play from a futsal competition in which 24 male professional players participated (M=30.04 years, SD=4.10) were filmed and analysed using TACTO software. Relative angle data were used as measures to study coordination tendencies that emerged between players during performance. Results showed that the direction for a pass emerged from relative angles between: (1) the vector from a ball carrier to ball receiver and the vector from the ball carrier to the nearest defender (70°) (p<0.01) and (2) the vector from a ball carrier to ball receiver and the vector from the ball carrier to a ball receiver's nearest defender (31°) (p < 0.01). Furthermore, passing direction was also constrained by temporal information from the emergence of both angles, since the pass was performed to attacker–defender dyads with the highest velocities of these angles (p < 0.05). Results suggested that decisions on selecting the direction of a pass in the team sport of futsal emerged at critical values of these key compound motion measures. 相似文献
7.
Pavel Dietz Robert Dalaker Stephan Letzel Rolf Ulrich Perikles Simon 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(20):1965-1969
The two major objectives of this study were (i) to assess variables that predict the use of analgesics in competitive athletes and (ii) to test whether the use of analgesics is associated with the use of doping. A questionnaire primarily addressing the use of analgesics and doping was distributed among 2,997 triathletes. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to predict the use of analgesics. Moreover, the randomised response technique (RRT) was used to estimate the prevalence of doping in order to assess whether users of analgesics have a higher potential risk for doping than non-users. Statistical power analyses were performed to determine sample size. The bootstrap method was used to assess the statistical significance of the prevalence difference for doping between users and non-users of analgesics. Four variables from a pool of 16 variables were identified that predict the use of analgesics. These were: “version of questionnaire (English)”, “gender (female)”, “behaviour in case of pain (continue training)”, and “hours of training per week (>12 h/week)”. The 12-month prevalence estimate for the use of doping substances (overall estimate 13.0%) was significantly higher in athletes that used analgesics (20.4%) than in those athletes who did not use analgesics (12.4%). The results of this study revealed that athletes who use analgesics prior to competition may be especially prone to using doping substances. The predictors of analgesic use found in the study may be of importance to prepare education material and prevention models against the misuse of drugs in athletes. 相似文献
8.
荷球(Korfball)是目前世界上唯一一项男女同场竞技的非隔网团体球类项目。通过文献资料法、观察试验、采访调研,认为荷球课程摈弃传统的教学方式而采用“运动教育模式”可以更好地凸现这项运动的育人价值。本文运用“运动教育模式”理论,结合我国国情及荷球运动的特点,以赛为纽带,将“教、学、练、赛”4个环节融入“荷球运动季”的“季前、正式比赛、季后”3个部分,建构荷球课程运动教育新模式。 相似文献
9.
Irene R. Faber Marije T. Elferink-Gemser Frits G. J. Oosterveld Jos W. R. Twisk Maria W. G. Nijhuis-Van der Sanden 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(6):593-601
This study intended to investigate the capability of the 4 test items “sprint”, “agility”, “speed while dribbling” and “throwing a ball” of the Dutch perceptuo-motor skills assessment used at the age of 7–10 years to predict table tennis performance (U13, U15 and U18) in an observational study. Data of 1191 young table tennis players, collected from 1998 to 2013, were analysed in univariable and multivariable logistic and linear regression models. The test items “sprint” and “throwing a ball” showed to be significant predictors for table tennis performance outcomes in boys (P < 0.05). For girls, besides these test items also “speed while dribbling” had a significant contribution (P < 0.05). Since the accuracies of the models were low, it is advised to include other determinants to enhance the predictive value of a model for table tennis performance. Nevertheless, it can be concluded that a perceptuo-motor skills assessment might improve the effectiveness of talent programmes in table tennis as an additional method to objectively estimate a youth players’ potential. Future research focusing on the inclusion of test items specifically assessing eye hand coordination and other domains, for example, the psychological and the environmental domain, related to table tennis performance are recommended. 相似文献
10.
聚焦于思维方式境迁,对当代中国“体育本质”重新发问。凝聚体育哲学学者在体育之所“是”与所“在”上的争议,彰显当代体育哲学论战背后的“分析式”与“存在式”2种思维方式的此消彼长。发现:左右体育哲学学者思考的是深匿于概念定义、理论阐释与争议中,以特定哲学理论为代表的思维方式,其间呈现一条从“西方逻辑”向“中国智慧”迁移与融汇的过程。古典时代的“符合论”、近现代康德之后的英美分析哲学、欧洲大陆哲学分别对古希腊竞技理念、当代体育哲学的思维方式产生影响,并产生西方逻辑下的体育哲学“分析主义—实用主义”“社会学—历史学”“现象学—存在主义”分析模式。随着西方逻辑的解释乏力与概念困境的出现,中国体育哲学汲取西方体育哲学理论成果并兼受中国传统哲学的影响,初步形成“知行合一”特色体育哲学的“智慧式”思维方式,进一步促发了对体育学与哲学关系的反思,并形成新的体育哲学概念与理论系统。 相似文献
11.
Peter Csapo Simcha Avugos Markus Raab Michael Bar-Eli 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(15):1580-1588
Previous research has shown that changes in shot difficulty may have rendered the hot-hand effect in basketball unobservable and are potentially a result of defensive adjustments. However, it has not been directly analysed whether strategic changes indeed take place in response to streakiness and whether they are effective with respect to winning games. The current work consists of an experimental study with 18 professional coaches and 20 players based on video sequences from National Basketball Association games, where the shown player displayed a streaky performance in half of the sequences. While coaches were asked to devise a defensive strategy after each viewed sequence, players had to assume the role of the shown player and decide whether to shoot or pass the ball. We find that coaches tended to increase the defensive pressure significantly more often on presumably hot players and thus make use of the hot-hand heuristic. Meanwhile, players chose to shoot more frequently in low-pressure and streaky situations but selected “pass” regardless of the previous performance when they faced increased defensive pressure. Assuming that a streaky player’s performance is indeed elevated during hot phases, hot-hand behaviour can be considered adaptive in certain situations as it led hot players to pass instead of shoot. 相似文献
12.
ABSTRACTBy manipulating the congruency between body kinematics and subsequent ball trajectory, this study investigated the anticipation capabilities of regional-level, college-level, and novice table tennis players using a full video simulation occluder paradigm. Participants watched footage containing congruent, incongruent, or no ball trajectory information, to predict the landing point of the ball. They were required to choose between two potential locations to make their prediction. Percent accuracy and relevant indexes (d-prime, criterion, effect size) were calculated for each condition. Results indicated that experienced table tennis players (both regional and college players) were superior to novices in the ability to anticipate ball trajectory using kinematic information, but no difference was found between regional-level and college-level players. The findings of this study further demonstrate the superior anticipation ability of experienced table tennis players. Furthermore, the present result suggests that there may be a certain “baseline” level of motor experience in racquet sports for effective action anticipation, while the addition of further motor experience does not appear to assist direction anticipation. 相似文献
13.
通过对中外网球双打技术情况进行分析得出,男子双打多场比赛主要集中在前五拍,发球方通过对一发二发的调整,以及接发运动员在比赛中由被动到主动的过程都反应了男子选手在比赛中不仪要保证发球的质量、落点,还要注意提高击球的落点、线路等. 相似文献
14.
2004年欧洲杯足球赛接球失误的状态及原因统计分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过观察2004年欧洲杯足球赛的16场32队次的比赛录像,对各参赛队在比赛中的接球失误状态和失误原因进行分类统计与分析。认为在快速强对抗和中慢速强对抗状态下失误较多,与其它状态下的失误差异有显著性;失误的主要原因是在强对抗状态下的接球不到位、接球过大和接“上刀山”球;中慢速次强对抗和中慢速弱对抗状态下的接球失误高于快速次强对抗和快速弱对抗状态下失误。 相似文献
15.
16.
Nicholas Kuzik 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2018,22(4):287-293
The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of a novel technique determining parent–child proximity using Bluetooth-enabled accelerometers. Nineteen parents and children (18–60 months; 38.4 ± 13.2 months) wore an ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometer for 7 days. Parental accelerometers continuously emitted a Bluetooth signal, while children’s accelerometers recorded signal detection once per minute. Parents reported whether they were “AWAY”/“WITH” their child using time-use diaries in 5-minute intervals for 2 days. Presence (1) or absence (0) of a Bluetooth signal was averaged over the 5-minute time frame. Accelerometer and time-use diary variables produced 8,331 comparative observations. Area under the curve (AUC) via receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.84 (95% confidence intervals: 0.84, 0.85), and the optimal cut-point was 0.0. Specifically, sensitivity (0.82) and specificity (0.81) were maximized when classifying all positive proximity tags (0.20–1.00) as “WITH” and all negative proximity tags (0.0) as “AWAY”. Accelerometer-derived parent–child proximity demonstrated good concurrent validity. 相似文献
17.
ABSTRACTThe literature on momentum is still undecided, with mixed results whether momentum exists or is only perceived to exist (“hot hand fallacy”). We explore whether momentum exists by looking at cases in which a basketball player has three consecutive free throws. A free throw is a well-defined task executed in a stable environment, allegedly giving momentum optimal chances to occur. Taking 14 NBA seasons we collected over 4500 three-free-throw sets (triplets). We obtained the outcomes of the shots as well as some additional variables about the player and the game: the player’s average free-throw percentage, home or away, and the game score and the quarter when the free throws were attempted. We first analyse the hit rates in the three shots and then proceed to regression analysis that also controls for the abovementioned variables. We address several concerns raised in the literature. All comparisons and analyses yield the same conclusion that there is no evidence for momentum in the data. 相似文献
18.
Ashley K. Richardson Andrew C. S. Mitchell Gerwyn Hughes 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(3):224-230
This study aimed to examine the effect of the impact point on the golf ball on the horizontal launch angle and side spin during putting with a mechanical putting arm and human participants. Putts of 3.2 m were completed with a mechanical putting arm (four putter-ball combinations, total of 160 trials) and human participants (two putter-ball combinations, total of 337 trials). The centre of the dimple pattern (centroid) was located and the following variables were measured: distance and angle of the impact point from the centroid and surface area of the impact zone. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify whether impact variables had significant associations with ball roll variables, horizontal launch angle and side spin. Significant associations were identified between impact variables and horizontal launch angle with the mechanical putting arm but this was not replicated with human participants. The variability caused by “dimple error” was minimal with the mechanical putting arm and not evident with human participants. Differences between the mechanical putting arm and human participants may be due to the way impulse is imparted on the ball. Therefore it is concluded that variability of impact point on the golf ball has a minimal effect on putting performance. 相似文献
19.
采用文献资料及逻辑论证法对我国田径后备人才发展现状进行分析。指出我国现阶段田径发展所存在的困境,提出田径运动的发展要培养青少年兴趣,发展田径"有效人口";处理好运动员"学与训"的关系;加强后备人才的选拔与培养,选材注重科学选材、科技选材,避免"经验选材"和"被动选材";完善"体教结合"的培养模式,形成"一条龙"培养等策略。 相似文献
20.
究其实质,颜元学说之所以在中国思想史上具有扭转乾坤的显赫地位,就在于一种“以身为本”思想决定了不是心的冥思静想而是身的行动实践成为其为学的终极宗旨,这不仅意味着一种“体育优先”的思想前所未有地得以确立,而且也是对体育所尚的“武勇”之主旨的积极推举。因此,颜元思想既代表了对以宋明理学为代表的后儒“重文轻武”积弊入室操戈的大力抨击,又以其对周孔原儒的“文武相济”古老传统的回归,而对今天历史新时期传统文化再建具有重要的启示意义。它表明了,正如当年章太炎首倡“儒侠”、梁启超发掘“中国武士精神”以期重振我们民族雄风那样,一种“援武于儒”主张的提出不失为今天新儒学构建、文化自强自信精神构建的应有之义。 相似文献