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1.
《有氧运动》出版至今已有50年,追溯过去,我从未想过医生对于运动在医学实践中价值的态度会发生翻天覆地的变化。在我的一生中,我从未想到能见证平板测试成为完整检查的必要组成部分,没想到缺乏身体活动的重要性影响可与高血压和高胆固醇齐平,也没想到吸烟会被认为是影响冠状动脉的危险因素。本文介绍了在我和本领域许多同事的工作以及库珀研究中心（The Cooper Institute）的重要工作的影响下,这种缓慢但渐进的转变是如何发生的。1970年6月,我租用了一个研究所,也就是后来的库珀诊所（Cooper Clinic）,半年之后,我在那里见到了我的第一个病人,现在库珀中心纵向研究作为世界上最大的比较测量健康水平的数据库,我们不再需要依赖问卷调查和从发表的700多篇学术文献中找寻健身与健康的关联,我们已经证明并且可以有把握地说,“运动是良医”,更具体地说,我希望本文能够展示我们和其他人在这项科学研究中所做的工作,此外,即使是最严厉的批评者现在也在说,“这些结果令人印象深刻,不容忽视。” 相似文献
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目的：了解中年亚健康人群的血清生化指标特点。方法：以筛选出的中年（35～55岁）亚健康人群为研究对象（203例,其中男性131例,女性72例）,以中年健康人群作为对照（40例,其中男性20例,女性20例）,检测其空腹血尿酸（UA）、血糖（GLU）、血脂及肝功能相关的丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）等生化指标,并分析各生化指标的特点。结果：中年亚健康人群的UA、TC、TG、TC/HDL-C和LDL-C水平均显著高于健康对照组,且亚健康男性高于同年龄段的亚健康女性（P〈0.05）,HDL-C水平显著低于健康对照组,且亚健康男性低于同年龄段的亚健康女性（P〈0.05）;GLU水平均无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;亚健康男性的TG水平达1.86±0.94 mmol/L,明显高出正常血脂上限水平1.7 mmol/L,表现出边缘性升高;亚健康组与健康组的ALT、AST、ALT/AST等肝功能指标无显著性差异,但是亚健康男性的ALT、AST、ALT/AST和ALP显著高于亚健康女性;亚健康男性三个年龄段的UA水平均高于正常范围;随着年龄的增长,亚健康人群的TG及TC/HDL-C水平均有增高的趋势,HDL-C则呈下降的走势。结论：中年亚健康男性的血尿酸和血脂等生化指标表现出异常的趋势。 相似文献
3.
中老年健身的一般性指导原则是采用“长距离、慢速耐力运动”锻炼方案以达到促进心肺系统功能改善，从而达到健身的目的。然而，越来越多的研究证实：抗阻力练习不仅对肌肉-骨骼肌系统机能的保持有显著效果（这对预防骨质疏松、腰背部疼痛以及其他功能障碍有积极效果），还对胰岛素抵抗、静息代谢率、葡萄糖代谢、血压、身体脂肪以及肠胃功能等机能的维持有积极作用（这些因素与肥胖症、心脏病、癌症的发病率有关）。抗阻力练习应该作为疾病预防、体质改善的核心内容，而不是次要的或外围性手段。 相似文献
4.
台阶试验与功率自行车(V)O2max测试法相关性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的：对简易心肺功能测试法（台阶试验）与功率自行车VO2max测试法进行相关性分析和研究，探讨台阶试验能否准确反映人体心肺功能，为今后简易心肺功能测定方法的完善提供一定的理论帮助。方法：随机抽取234例上海市普通市民，进行最大耗氧量和台阶试验的测试。计算和比较简易心肺功能测试结果及其与VO2max的相关性。结果：各年龄组之间台阶指数无明显差异（P〉0．05）；男性与女性台阶指数无明显差异（P〉0．05）；台阶指数与VO2max相对值（r=0．216）和绝对值（r=0．162）呈微弱相关。结论：台阶指数无明显年龄变化趋势和性别差异，不能有效地反映心脏功能的增龄性变化规律及其性别差异；无论以VO2max绝对值还是相对值作为心肺功能的综合性评价指标，台阶指数均没有与其表现出有良好的数据关联性，初步得出台阶试验只能对心血管系统的功能水平做出好与不好的区分，不能对健康人群心肺耐力进行更细致的分级评价。 相似文献
5.
慢性肾脏疾病是复杂的威胁公共健康的疾病。慢性肾病与高致死率、高发病率、高治疗费用相关。肾脏纤维化是肾脏慢性病变的病理形态表现,是指在各种致病因子如炎性因子,机械性损伤,药物等导致的细胞外基质（extracellarmatrix。ECM）合成增多降解减少,肾小球基底膜增厚,最终影响肾脏功能。目前关于慢性肾病的研究重要集中在药物筛选方面,而运动是否能改善慢性肾脏疾病的研究较少。本文通过文献资料法与逻辑推理相结合的方法总结运动与慢性肾脏疾病的研究,总结指出：1适当的运动通过减弱肾脏病变引起的纤维化程度,改善慢性肾脏疾病。2运动可以通过调解TGF-β1／Smad信号通路改善慢性肾脏疾病 相似文献
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文章以广州市番禺区某中学初中二年级学生为实验对象,采用实验法、文献资料法和数据统计法等研究方法,将非武术选项组（对照组）与武术选项组（实验组）学生进行为期6周的武术对比实验。测量实验前后心率及肺活量水平,探讨传统课程与选项课程对心肺功能的影响。研究表明：（1）非选项学生进行武术学习,由于缺乏兴趣及积极性,心肺功能未有明显提高（p〉0.05）;（2）选项学生进行武术学习,心肺功能显著提高（p〈0.01）。因此,新课改武术选项注重学生兴趣选择,对青少年身心具有积极促进作用。 相似文献
7.
通过对246名中年健康男性进行心肺耐力测试,分析心肺耐力(CRF)与代谢综合征(MS)相关风险因素之间的剂量—效应关系。结果表明:CRF水平与MS相关风险因素的比例呈剂量—效应关系,即随着CRF水平的提高,MS相关风险因素的比例呈降低趋势;CRF水平与构成MS相关风险因素呈剂量—效应关系,即随着CRF水平的提高,构成MS的相关风险因素呈降低趋势,其中BMI和DBP呈非常显著性差异(P<0.01),其余呈显著性差异(P<0.05);与低水平CRF比较,高水平CRF组MS风险下降至0.337～0.873。所以,CRF与MS相关风险因素呈剂量—效应关系,高水平CRF有利于改善MS相关风险因素,CRF是预测MS发病率和相关风险因素的重要因素。 相似文献
8.
从身体活动对慢性疾病预防和控制功效的视角,从身体活动对不同年龄群体的生理退化速率、死亡率、疾病发生率、心血管疾病、糖尿病、癌症、骨质疏松症、心理健康的影响等方面对国外相关研究进行梳理,对国外身体活动负荷标准的研究进行归纳,重点分类归纳了预防慢性疾病发生的成年人(18～65岁)、老年人(65岁以上)和已患慢性疾病群体控制疾病发展的不同群体间身体活动的适宜负荷方式和剂量,对身体活动与慢性疾病的研究做出了展望。 相似文献
9.
运用文献资料、实验法、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,对90名普通高校学生参加有氧舞蹈锻炼前后进行身体形态、心率、肺活量、库珀跑和心理健康水平测试,结果表明参加有氧舞蹈锻炼能有效改善普通高校学生的形态机能,提高心肺功能,促进心理健康,有益于普通高校学生的身心健康发展。 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2022,11(5):605-612
BackgroundWe examined the associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and white blood cell count (WBC) with mortality outcomes.MethodsA total of 52,056 apparently healthy adults completed a comprehensive health examination, including a maximal treadmill test and blood chemistry analyses. CRF was categorized as high, moderate, or low by age and sex; WBC was categorized as sex-specific quartiles.ResultsDuring 17.8 ± 9.5 years (mean ± SD) of follow-up, a total of 4088 deaths occurred. When regressed jointly, significantly decreased all-cause mortality across CRF categories was observed within each quartile of WBC in men. Within WBC Quartile 1, all-cause mortality hazard ratios (HRs) with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were 1.0 (referent), 1.29 (95%CI: 1.06?1.57), and 2.03 (95%CI: 1.42?2.92) for high, moderate, and low CRF categories, respectively (p for trend < 0.001). Similar trends were observed in the remaining 3 quartiles. With the exception of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality within Quartile 1 (p for trend = 0.743), there were also similar trends across CRF categories within WBC quartiles in men for both CVD and cancer mortality (p for trend < 0.01 for all). For women, there were no significant trends across CRF categories for mortality outcomes within Quartiles 1–3. However, we observed significantly decreased all-cause mortality across CRF categories within WBC Quartile 4 (HR = 1.05 (95%CI: 0.76?1.44), HR = 1.63 (95%CI:1.20?2.21), and HR = 1.87 (95%CI:1.29?2.69) for high, moderate, and low CRF, respectively (p for trend = 0.002)). Similar trends in women were observed for CVD and cancer mortality within WBC Quartile 4 only.ConclusionThere are strong joint associations between CRF, WBC, and all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality in men; these associations are less consistent in women. 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2021,10(6):609-619
BackgroundCardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is inversely associated with mortality in apparently healthy subjects and in some clinical populations, but evidence for the association between CRF and all-cause and/or cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in patients with established CVD is lacking. This study aimed to quantify this association.MethodsWe searched for prospective cohort studies that measured CRF with cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with CVD and that examined all-cause and CVD mortality with at least 6 months of follow-up. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using random-effect inverse-variance analyses.ResultsData were obtained from 21 studies and included 159,352 patients diagnosed with CVD (38.1% female). Pooled HRs for all-cause and CVD mortality comparing the highest vs. lowest category of CRF were 0.42 (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.28–0.61) and 0.27 (95%CI: 0.16–0.48), respectively. Pooled HRs per 1 metabolic equivalent (1-MET) increment were significant for all-cause mortality (HR = 0.81; 95%CI: 0.74–0.88) but not for CVD mortality (HR = 0.75; 95%CI: 0.48–1.18). Coronary artery disease patients with high CRF had a lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.32; 95%CI: 0.26–0.41) than did their unfit counterparts. Each 1-MET increase was associated with lower all-cause mortality risk among coronary artery disease patients (HR = 0.83; 95%CI: 0.76–0.91) but not lower among those with heart failure (HR = 0.69; 95%CI: 0.36–1.32).ConclusionA better CRF was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality and CVD. This study supports the use of CRF as a powerful predictor of mortality in this population. 相似文献
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Construct validity evidence for single-response items to estimate physical activity levels in large sample studies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jackson AW Morrow JR Bowles HR FitzGerald SJ Blair SN 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2007,78(2):24-31
Valid measurement of physical activity is important for studying the risks for morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to examine evidence of construct validity of two similar single-response items assessing physical activity via self-report. Both items are based on the stages of change model. The sample was 687 participants (men = 504, women = 183) who completed an 8-response (PA8) or 5-response (PA5) single-response item about current level of physical activity. Responses were categorized as meeting or not meeting guidelines for sufficient physical activity to achieve a health benefit. Maximal cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and health markers were obtained during a clinical examination. Partial correlation, multivariate analysis of covariance, and logistic regression were used to identify the relations between self-reported physical activity, CRF, and health markers when controlling for gender and age. Single-response items were compared to a detailed measure of physical activity. Single-response items correlated significantly with CRF determined with a maximal exercise test on a treadmill (PA8 = .53; PA5 = .57). Differences in percentage of body fat and cholesterol were in the desired direction, with those self-reporting sufficient physical activity for a health benefit having the lower values. The single-response items demonstrated evidence of construct validity and may provide feasible, cost-effective, and efficient methods to assess physical activity in large-scale studies. 相似文献
14.
Allen W. Jackson James R. Morrow Jr. Heather R. Bowles Shannon J. FitzGerald Steven N. Blair 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):24-31
Valid measurement of physical activity is important for studying the risks for morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to examine evidence of construct validity of two similar single-response items assessing physical activity via self-report. Both items are based on the stages of change model. The sample was 687 participants (men = 504, women = 183) who completed an 8-response (PA8) or 5-response (PA5) single-response item about current level of physical activity. Responses were categorized as meeting or not meeting guidelines for sufficient physical activity to achieve a health benefit. Maximal cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and health markers were obtained during a clinical examination. Partial correlation, multivariate analysis of covariance, and logistic regression were used to identify the relations between self-reported physical activity, CRF, and health markers when controlling for gender and age. Single-response items were compared to a detailed measure of physical activity. Single-response items correlated significantly with CRF determined with a maximal exercise test on a treadmill (PA8 = .53; PA5 = .57). Differences in percentage of body fat and cholesterol were in the desired direction, with those self-reporting sufficient physical activity for a health benefit having the lower values. The single-response items demonstrated evidence of construct validity and may provide feasible, cost-effective, and efficient methods to assess physical activity in large-scale studies. 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2019,8(5):457-462
PurposeTo assess the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and the incidence and mortality from cancer in women, and to evaluate the potential public health implications for cancer prevention.MethodsMaximal exercise testing was performed in a pilot cohort of 184 women (59.3 ± 15.2 years) who were followed for 12.0 ± 6.9 years. Cox hazard models adjusted for established cancer risk factors and accounting for competing events were analyzed for all-type cancer incidence and mortality from cancer. Population-attributable risks and exposure impact number were determined for low CRF (<5 metabolic equivalents (METs)) as a risk factor.ResultsDuring the follow-up, 11.4% of the participants were diagnosed with cancer and 3.2% died from cancer. CRF was inversely and independently associated with cancer outcomes. For every 1-metabolic equivalent increase in CRF, there was a 20% decrease in the risk of cancer incidence (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69–0.92; p = 0.001) and a 26% reduction in risk of cancer mortality (HR = 0.74, 95%CI: 0.61–0.90; p = 0.002). The population-attributable risks of low CRF were 11.6% and 14% for incidence and mortality of cancer, respectively, and the respective exposure impact numbers were 8 and 20.ConclusionGreater CRF was independently associated with a lower risk of incidence and mortality from cancer in women. Screening for low CRF as a cancer risk factor and referring unfit individuals to a supervised exercise program could be a public health strategy for cancer prevention in middle-age women. 相似文献
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Yingyue Huang Chaoqiang Jiang Lin Xu Weisen Zhang Feng Zhu Yali Jin Kar Keung Cheng Tai Hing Lam 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2021,10(4):430
BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) is generally encouraged. Studies from developed countries in the West have shown that maintenance of adequate PA or increasing PA are associated with lower mortality risk. It is unclear whether these associations apply to an older Chinese population. Hence, we examined the changes in PA prospectively among a middle-aged and older Chinese population over an average of 4 years and explored their subsequent mortality risks.MethodsMetabolic equivalent scores of PA among participants in the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study were calculated. Participants were divided into 3 groups related to PA level, and changes in PA were classified into 9 categories. Information on vital status and causes of death from March 2008 to December 2012 (the first repeated examination) until December 31, 2017, was obtained via record linkage with the Death Registry.ResultsOf 18,104 participants aged 61.21 ± 6.85 years (mean ± SD), 1461 deaths occurred within 141,417 person-years. Compared to participants who maintained moderate PA, those who decreased PA from moderate or high levels to a low level had increased risks for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.47, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.11–1.96). Participants who maintained a high level of PA (HR = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.70–0.98) or increased PA from low to high levels (HR = 0.71, 95%CI: 0.52–0.97) showed lower all-cause mortality risks. Those who maintained low PA levels showed a higher all-cause mortality risk, whereas those who increased their PA levels showed a non-significantly lower risk. Similar results were found for cardiovascular disease risk.ConclusionEven at an older age, maintaining a high PA level or increasing PA from low to high levels results in lower mortality risks, suggesting that substantial health benefits might be achieved by maintaining or increasing engagement in adequate levels of PA. The increased risk of maintaining a low PA level or decreasing PA to a low level warrants the attention of public health officials and clinicians. 相似文献
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Kenneth H. Cooper 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2018,89(2):129-134
Looking back over the 50 years since Aerobics was published, I could never have expected for there to have been a major change in physicians’ attitudes toward the value of exercise in the practice of medicine. In my lifetime, I never thought I would see a stress test be considered a mandatory component of a complete examination, inactivity classified as importantly as high blood pressure and high cholesterol, and cigarette smoking considered a coronary risk factor. I have tried in this Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport (RQES) Lecture presentation to document how this slow but gradual transition took place due to my work and the work of many of my colleagues in this field, along with the important work of The Cooper Institute. In June 1970, I chartered the institute 6 months before I saw my first patient at the Cooper Clinic, but now with the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study being the largest database in the world comparing measured levels of fitness, instead of relying only on questionnaires and correlating fitness and health in our more than 700 published peer-review articles, we have proven and can safely say that “exercise is medicine.” In greater detail, I want this lecture to present what we and others have done in this scientific endeavor, and even the harshest critics are now saying that “these results are too impressive to be ignored.” 相似文献
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Mingxin Sheng Junyue Yang Min Bao Tianzhi Chen Ruixue Cai Na Zhang Hongling Chen Minqi Liu Xueyu Wu Bowen Zhang Yiting Liu Jianqian Chao 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2021,10(6):620
BackgroundA goal of 10,000 steps per day is widely advocated, but there is little evidence to support that goal. Our purpose was to examine the dose–response relationships between step count and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease risk.MethodsCochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, OVID, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for studies published before July 9, 2021, that evaluated the association between daily steps and at least 1 outcome.ResultsSixteen publications (12 related to all-cause mortality, 5 related to cardiovascular disease; and 1 article contained 2 outcomes: both all-cause death and cardiovascular events) were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. There was evidence of a nonlinear dose–response relationship between step count and risk of all-cause mortality or cardiovascular disease (p = 0.002 and p = 0.014 for nonlinearity, respectively). When we restricted the analyses to accelerometer-based studies, the third quartile had a 40.36% lower risk of all-cause mortality and a 35.05% lower risk of cardiovascular event than the first quartile (all-cause mortality: Q1 = 4183 steps/day, Q3 = 8959 steps/day; cardiovascular event: Q1 = 3500 steps/day, Q3 = 9500 steps/day; respectively).ConclusionOur meta-analysis suggests inverse associations between higher step count and risk of premature death and cardiovascular events in middle-aged and older adults, with nonlinear dose–response patterns. 相似文献
19.
《运动与健康科学(英文)》2021,10(6):620-628
BackgroundA goal of 10,000 steps per day is widely advocated, but there is little evidence to support that goal. Our purpose was to examine the dose–response relationships between step count and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease risk.MethodsCochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, OVID, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for studies published before July 9, 2021, that evaluated the association between daily steps and at least 1 outcome.ResultsSixteen publications (12 related to all-cause mortality, 5 related to cardiovascular disease; and 1 article contained 2 outcomes: both all-cause death and cardiovascular events) were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. There was evidence of a nonlinear dose–response relationship between step count and risk of all-cause mortality or cardiovascular disease (p = 0.002 and p = 0.014 for nonlinearity, respectively). When we restricted the analyses to accelerometer-based studies, the third quartile had a 40.36% lower risk of all-cause mortality and a 35.05% lower risk of cardiovascular event than the first quartile (all-cause mortality: Q1 = 4183 steps/day, Q3 = 8959 steps/day; cardiovascular event: Q1 = 3500 steps/day, Q3 = 9500 steps/day; respectively).ConclusionOur meta-analysis suggests inverse associations between higher step count and risk of premature death and cardiovascular events in middle-aged and older adults, with nonlinear dose–response patterns. 相似文献