共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Nishaal Gooroochurn 《Research Policy》2007,36(10):1483-1495
This paper investigates the relative importance of property rights and transactions cost factors in driving the decision of firms to outsource innovation. Using data for over 8000 firms from the UK Community Innovation Survey, we find that property right factors dominate over transaction cost factors. Transaction cost variables are more important for process innovation, while property rights variables are more significant for firms involved in product innovation. In addition, we find that firms involved in process innovation have a higher probability of outsourcing innovation than firms involved in product innovation. 相似文献
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Innovation modes in the Swiss service sector: a cluster analysis based on firm-level data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Heinz Hollenstein 《Research Policy》2003,32(5):845-863
The aim of this paper is, firstly, to contribute to the understanding of innovation patterns in services. To this end, firms which are similar in terms of a large set of innovation indicators were grouped into clusters. For the Swiss case, it was possible to identify five clusters which exhibit clearly different configurations of a large number of innovation-related factors (appropriability, etc.) and several structural properties of firms (size, etc.). The clusters may thus be interpreted as specific “innovation modes”. Secondly, we investigated whether these modes are “economically equivalent”. In such a case, the unordered classifying of similar firms would be more appropriate than the ranking of industries according to their innovativeness. The evidence supports the classification approach quite well; however, the ranking procedure cannot be completely refuted. Finally, this paper yields some insights into the differences between the innovation patterns prevailing in services and in manufacturing. 相似文献
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Ulrich Lichtenthaler 《Research Policy》2010,39(1):55-66
Industrial firms increasingly attempt to license their technologies apart from applying them in their own products. Because of the imperfections in technology markets, an active approach towards technology licensing does not automatically result in licensing transactions. To balance prior research, which has focused on licensing transactions as the outcome of licensing intentions, we take a contingency view to analyze how characteristics of a firm's innovation ecosystem determine different strategic types of licensing. Specifically, we distinguish proactive licensing, which refers to identifying recipients for technology transactions, and reactive licensing, which relates to offering licenses to infringers of a firm's intellectual property. Survey data show that environmental antecedents concerning appropriability, i.e., patent protection and technological turbulence, and determinants regarding technology markets, i.e., transaction frequency and competitive intensity, have different effects on proactive and reactive licensing. On this basis, the article has major implications for research into technology licensing, markets for technology, and open innovation. 相似文献
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基于创新集群构建的广东高新区和专业镇提升策略 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
广东高新区和专业镇具有产业集群的特征,但与创新集群相比还有一定的差距.文章主要是分析产业集群、创新型产业集群与创新集群的关系,借鉴美国硅谷创新集群的产业聚集互动、创新互动、价值链互动的特点,对照创新集群的标杆,提出广东高新区与专业镇的基本特征以及构建创新集群的思路. 相似文献
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We investigate the impact of knowledge spillovers and R&D cooperation on innovation activities in three German regions. We begin by estimating the knowledge-production function in order to test for interregional difference with regard to the efficiency of innovation activities. In a second step, we analyze the contribution of spillovers from R&D effort of other private firms and of public research institutions to explain these differences. The inclusion of variables for R&D cooperation in the model indicates that R&D cooperation is only of relatively minor importance as a medium for knowledge spillover. 相似文献
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Timo Fischer 《Research Policy》2012,41(9):1519-1533
Patent trolls, or NPEs, appropriate profits from innovation solely by enforcing patents against infringers. They are often characterized as relying on low-quality patents, an assessment that, if correct, would imply that eradicating such patents would effectively terminate the NPE business. In this paper, we shed light on this issue by empirically analyzing NPEs’ patent acquisitions. We draw on a unique dataset of 392 U.S. patents acquired by known NPEs between 1997 and 2006, which we compare to three control groups of 784 U.S. patents each acquired by practicing firms. We find that the probability that a traded patent is acquired by an NPE rather than a practicing entity increases in the scope of the patent, in the patent density of its technology field and, contrary to common belief, in the patent's technological quality. Our findings thus support recent theoretical propositions about the NPE business model, showing that NPEs procure patents that are more likely to be infringed, harder to substitute for, and robust to legal challenges. The fact that NPE-acquired patents are of significantly higher quality than those in the control group implies that elevating minimum patent quality will not put an end to the NPE business, and suggests that this business is sustainable in the long run. We furthermore discuss the fact that NPEs are peculiar players on markets for technology insofar as they are solely interested in the exclusion right, not in the underlying knowledge. We posit that transactions involving NPEs may only be the tip of the iceberg of “patent-only” transactions, a conjecture with strong implications for the efficiency and the study of markets for technologies. Managerial and policy implications are discussed. 相似文献
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A long stream of academic literature has established that public funding towards research and development matters for economic growth because it relates to increases in innovation, productivity and the like. The impact of public funding on the creation of new firms has received less attention in this literature despite theoretical constructs that support such association. In the present paper we study whether indeed there is a relationship between public research funds and local firm births in the context of the U.S. biotechnology industry. In doing so, we introduce a number of changes that strengthen the robustness of our findings when compared with existing literature. These changes include a direct measure of research expenditures and a considerably lengthier longitudinal dataset which allows us to capture a structural relationship and not a chance event. We empirically demonstrate that increases in the level of research funding from the National Institutes of Health towards biotechnology associate with increases in the number of biotechnology firm births at the Metropolitan Statistical Area level. Further, we reveal that public funds towards established firms associate with local firm births considerably more strongly when compared with funds towards universities and research institutes/hospitals. We conclude the paper with academic and policy implications of the present work that highlight the complexity of factors that underlie the creation of local firms in high technology industries. 相似文献
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企业集群的创新集成:集群学习与挤压效应 总被引：40，自引：0，他引：40
对创新的促进被认为是企业集群这种独特产业组织形式的重要优势,但现有文献较少关注集群内部不同主体间的创新集成问题。本文基于对浙江省企业集群发展现状的调研以及对集群内在联结模式的理论探讨,论证了创新集成对培育集群持续竞争优势的意义。本文认为,企业集群要实现创新集成,关键在于两点:一是集群成员间通过协调性的集群学习过程形成知识共享效应;二是要有一种良性竞争机制激励集群成员次第创新,即形成“挤压效应”。围绕这两点,本文最后讨论了有效推动集群创新集成的规制安排。 相似文献
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在企业间知识水平动态互补性基础上,通过刻画合作伙伴选择、知识学习及创新机制,建立企业集群创新网络演化模型。运用多智能仿真方法,研究创新网络的动态演化规律、集群创新潜力与网络演化的内在关系及网络位置与创新绩效的关系等。研究综合考虑了企业间各知识要素及综合知识的动态互补性。研究发现：动态演化过程中的创新网络具有显著的小世界性;企业知识水平和创新网络是协同演化的;随着集群创新潜力的增大,企业积极构建“远程”合作关系,网络稀疏性增强,企业间的重复合作次数及网络信息传播效率降低。企业应积极地与不同企业建立创新合作关系并增强局部企业间的合作紧密性,特别是在集群发展的早期阶段,这样才能有效提升创新绩效。 相似文献
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知识密集型服务业功能论:集群创新过程视角 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
知识密集型服务业通过生产、重组、传播知识作用于集群创新过程。本文具体探讨,知识密集型服务业在产业集群创新过程中的功能,在理论研究的基础上,结合慈溪家电产业集群的实证分析认为,知识密集型服务业主要以合作创新的方式发挥以下四种功能:知识载体;知识交换器;知识生产者;创新桥梁。 相似文献
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产业集群的网络式创新能力及其集体学习机制 总被引：41，自引：3，他引：41
产业集群的可持续发展依赖于集群持续的创新能力。通过组织问的互动实现知识的产生、传递与积累是集群中创新所具有的新特点，这种称之为网络式创新的创新模式，其基础是知识，尤其是隐性知识，其实现途径是集体学习机制。在结构功能主义的分析框架下，本文将产业集群内的学习行为做了自觉性与结构性的划分，在此基础上构建了知识、学习与网络式创新能力之间的相互关系模型，分析了集体学习的主要过程及其基础。据此文章试图阐释一种更为系统和动态的网络式创新能力评价和培育体系， 相似文献
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集群是创新系统与企业之间的中观层面。集群机制促进了技术、人才和知识资源的聚集、企业之间的技术溢出和研发合作,进而起到了提高创新效率的作用,然而,不同区域聚集的集群显示出创新效率的差异,以及基于差异的集群创新能力提升的不同路径。从集群的视角出发,以我国各省创新型集群数据为基础,首先使用DEA-Malmquist法计算各省份集群的创新效率,并根据创新效率的情况将集群分为全面型、技术进步型、技术薄弱型、规模经济型4类集群,再使用模糊集定性比较分析法识别出不同情形下影响创新效率的7条路径,根据路径的特点将其总结为全面性、环境型、聚集型,得到不同类型的集群的创新提升路径,得到的研究结果对于丰富集群创新战略和管理理论与实践具有一定意义。 相似文献
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本文以2009-2015年沪深A股上市公司作为研究样本,对客户集中度与企业创新投入、创新产出之间的关系进行了实证分析,并进一步探讨了产品独特性、高新技术行业对客户集中度与企业创新关系的影响。研究发现：客户集中度与创新投入、产出显著呈正U型关系,且创新投入在客户集中度与创新产出的关系中具有部分中介作用。进一步研究表明,客户集中度与企业创新的正U型关系在产品独特性企业以及非高新技术行业更加显著。最后,对企业客户关系管理及创新决策提出了相应的对策和建议。 相似文献
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集群无论是要素还是结构上都具有自然生态系统的特征,目前基于资源观的集群创新能力评价研究难以解析集群不同主体间通过协同走向创新生态的本质问题。本文运用生态学理论,依据集群创新生态链属性要求,构建出由以产业链和知识链融合协同为内核的集群创新主体系统、创新环境和创新产出所组成的高技术产业集群创新生态能力综合评价指标体系,采用因子分析法对选取的56个国家高新区代表进行实证评价,找出影响高新区创新生态能力生成的集群产业创新种群结构效能度、集群知识创新群落协同度、集群开放持续创新度和集群创新链群合作度四个关键生态因子,发现高新区普遍创新生态能力不强,且在创新生态因子上存在发展不均衡现象,据此制定出打造创新生态型高新区的针对性政策建议。 相似文献
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为探讨产业集聚与市场竞争是如何在企业创新中共同发生作用的,基于CSMAR国泰安数据库和中国工业企业数据库,采用双向固定效应模型实证检验市场竞争在产业集聚影响企业创新产出路径中的调节效应,并以粤港澳大湾区生物医药产业创新发展案例进行验证.结果 表明:市场竞争对产业集聚激励企业创新具有负向调节作用,且仅存在于技术密集型行业;国有企业的市场垄断地位会削弱产业集聚的创新推动效果.在考虑行业与企业异质性的基础上,充分发挥市场竞争与产业集聚的交互效应是提升企业创新能力的重要路径.为此提出加快培育先进制造业集群、大力培育行业龙头企业和加快国有企业分类改革等政策建议. 相似文献
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文章运用信号传递动态博弈模型分析了企业关联交易行为与政府管制的关系,结果表明监管机构通过严格管制,加大企业虚假披露或隐瞒披露关联交易的难度,增加造假成本,加大违规处罚力度,可以使得公平关联交易型企业发送公平关联交易型信号最有利,发生非公平关联交易的企业发送非公平关联交易的信号能使自身效用最大,从而有效分离两类企业。 相似文献