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1.
服务创新是专业服务业生存和发展的基础,由于其创新产出的可模仿性和难以保护性,导致专业服务业的创新动力不足,在我国弱产权保护体制下,专业服务业创新面临更严峻的挑战。基于对专业服务业创新独占性机制的探索性案例研究得出三个主要结论：（1）专业服务业创新独占性机制是专业服务企业避免创新被模仿,保护和占有自己创新活动回报的行为总和,同时包含“防御型”策略内部隔离和产权保护,以及“进攻型”策略顾客锚定三种微观机制,且以“进攻型”策略为主,“防御型”策略为辅。（2）专业服务业创新保护的目的以获取持续收益为主,阻止模仿为辅。（3）内部隔离、产权保护和顾客锚定在阻止模仿和持续收益均存在不同程度的积极效应。 相似文献
2.
企业创新商业化实证研究——创新独占性和专有互补资产的调节作用 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
已有研究多聚焦于提高企业创新技术成果,对技术成果转化为企业绩效,即创新商业化这一过程关注不足。从知识产权理论和企业资源观出发,研究创新独占性和专有互补资产独立以及共同对创新商业化过程的调节作用。270家中国企业创新调研数据的实证研究表明,只分析单一调节作用时,市场专有互补资产对创新商业化有显著的正向调节作用,而创新独占性和制造互补资产调节作用不显著。引入共同调节作用后,模型解释力提高,创新独占性和两种专有互补资产间存在着显著的负向交互作用。研究结果有助于我们更好地理解企业创新商业化机制,对现阶段中国企业的创新实践具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
3.
知识产权司法保护赋予专利权人以“牙齿”,其是否能够促进中国企业进行自主创新，直接关系到中国企业的创新战略转型。本文以2017年中国专利调查数据为依据，考察了专利诉讼对于企业自主创新战略的影响。实证分析表明，专利诉讼经历能够有效激励涉诉企业进行自主创新，这一结论在采用倾向得分匹配法和加粗精确匹配法，以及采用工具变量法和条件混合过程方法后仍然稳健。这表明知识产权司法保护有利于促进企业自主创新。异质性分析表明，知识产权司法保护对于企业自主创新的促进作用在小微企业、专利依赖型产业的企业以及内资企业中更为显著。 相似文献
4.
Emilie-Pauline Gallié 《Research Policy》2012,41(4):780-794
In attempting to protect their innovations, firms can choose from a range of mechanisms, which may be either non-statutory (trade secrets, design complexity, and lead-time advantage over competitors) or statutory (patent, design registration, trademark, copyright). Yet, little is known about how firms do actually make their choices from among these different appropriability mechanisms. The aim of this paper is to determine how French firms’ use of intellectual property protection mechanisms relates to the type of innovation, the characteristics of the market sector in which they operate, the firms’ characteristics, and their human resources strategies. Our empirical model draws on four French databases covering the period 2001-2004. Our results show that the choice of a means of protection matters and emerges out of a complex strategy. Our results also reveal that the different statutory and non-statutory means of protection are complementary within their own categories but hardly so between categories. 相似文献
5.
开放性有利于企业获取更多的创新机会,但开放式创新过程中也需要考虑独占性损失的风险,因为独占性对企业创新新颖性和效率等绩效存在重要的影响。本研究旨在剖析独占性机制和开放性对创新漏斗不同阶段的创新绩效的影响。整合企业跨界搜索理论与知识保护理论,基于332家广东省制造业企业的问卷调查数据,探讨开放性与独占性机制对创新漏斗不同阶段的创新绩效影响。研究发现：正式独占性机制的使用负向影响创新漏斗创意形成阶段的创新效率,半正式独占性机制的使用有利于提升创新漏斗创意形成阶段的创新效率,而非正式独占性机制则有助于创新漏斗创意形成和新产品开发与商业化阶段的创新新颖性的提升;另外,创新新颖性通过创新漏斗整个阶段的横向合作开放性来解释,尤其是与高校科研院所的合作,与竞争对手合作开放性对新产品开发与商业化阶段的创新新颖性积极正相关,而垂直合作开放性则对新产品开发与商业化阶段的创新效率具有正相关关系。 相似文献
6.
This empirical study examines small firms’ strategies for capturing returns to investments in innovation. We find that small firms’ strategies are qualitatively different from those found in earlier studies of both small and large firms. Most of the small firms examined here find informal means of protection, such as speed to market or secrecy, more important than patenting. Only firms with university cooperation—typically R&D intensive and science-based small firms—were likely to identify patents as the most important method of appropriating innovation returns in their field. Thus, the strategic choice for most small firms is between secrecy and speed to market. Firms that cooperate in innovation with horizontal partners or significantly depend on vertical partners tend to prefer speed, whereas process innovators with modest R&D investments or few cooperative R&D activities display a preference for trade secrets. Indeed, cooperation activities greatly influence the choice of intellectual property strategy for small firms. Earlier research has emphasized patents and trade secrets as key strategies of appropriation, yet these strategies do not appear to be very beneficial for small firms engaged in cooperative innovation. These results raise policy questions regarding the functionality of the existing system of intellectual property rights. 相似文献
7.
《Research Policy》2019,48(8):103738
Innovators and entrepreneurs developing products and competing “on top” of digital platforms face different conditions than do those in more traditional industries. In this paper, we explore how this affects appropriability strategies in novel data on mobile app developers’ appropriability strategies. We find that the many smallest developers in the “long tail”— the vast majority of all developers – do in fact take actions to capture value and to protect their intellectual property, but do so only through informal mechanisms. By contrast, larger developers exploit a combination of both informal mechanisms and formal intellectual property rights, using copyright, patents, and trademarks. Several strategies particular to digital platforms are also documented. We link this pattern of different strategies pursued by different competitor types to the structural features of digital competition. 相似文献
8.
《Research Policy》2023,52(8):104824
This article analyzes the impact of loans secured by patents (LSPs) on the intellectual property and innovation strategy of technological firms that benefit from them. The literature mostly emphasizes that LSPs, by reducing the risk taken by lenders in case of borrowers' default, facilitate the financing of technological firms. However, it remains silent on the impact of LSPs on the behavior and strategy of borrowers. With regard to this second point, our research suggests that LSPs are not neutral. In particular, we provide evidence that LSPs might induce technological firms to deviate from innovative activities toward more short-term strategies based on the monetization and litigation of their patents. We also show that financing groups might attempt to encourage this strategic change. Our research is based, first, on empirical insights provided by a qualitative analysis of publicly known LSPs offered by an international investment group and their consequences for four borrowers. Second, we propose a theoretical model that formally explores how LSPs might impact borrowers' strategies. Even though the welfare implications of these findings are difficult to evaluate, this research has likely important economic and managerial implications with regard to intellectual property management, the financing of innovation and the organization of the innovation process. 相似文献
9.
Karen Manley 《Research Policy》2008,37(10):1751-1764
The methods by which small firms overcome the disadvantages of their size to implement innovation on construction projects are examined here through five Australian case studies. It is found that such methods include working with advanced clients, prioritising relationship-building strategies and using patents to protect intellectual property. Key obstacles to innovation implementation by small firms on construction projects are found to be bias in the allocation of government business assistance and regulatory inefficiencies under federal systems of government. The study’s findings derive from a theoretical framework which emphasises firm capabilities and environment, and innovation typologies. Further research is recommended into the impact of government assistance and regulation on small innovative construction firms. 相似文献
10.
分析了集成创新中知识产权侵权风险的成因,发现技术上的追赶地位和集成创新的特点是诱因,企业知识产权意识和管理水平不足是直接原因,而竞争对手利用知识产权进行牵制或者谋求经济利益则进一步加剧了企业面临的知识产权侵权风险;然后从三个方面提出了集成创新中知识产权侵权风险的防范策略;最后,应用提出的框架对华为和思科间的知识产权纠纷案例进行了分析. 相似文献
11.
Henrique M. Barros 《Research Policy》2021,50(1):104097
Despite increased focus on understanding how firms appropriate the returns from innovation, our knowledge regarding firms' behaviour in less developed economies (LDEs) is still scant. This paper provides a nuanced view as to how firms that are not at the technological frontier attempt to capture value when they encounter fragile patenting conditions. I analyse a unique dataset on innovative activities in Brazil. My findings reveal the effects (if any) of a number of factors on the use of a wide range of appropriability mechanisms. These factors include measures of knowledge intensity, novelty of products and processes, firm size, degree of competition, innovation cooperation, government support for innovation, and type of ownership. In addition, my empirical exercise provides evidence of the extent to which firms in an LDE adopt different appropriability mechanisms in pairs. Overall, this paper indicates that even in the absence of an effective patent system, firms do use patents. However, there are other patterns of appropriability in which firms use design (being registered or not registered accordingly), lead-time or trademarks in association with other means of appropriation. 相似文献
12.
双元创新知识场活性与知识产权能力的路径分析 《科学学研究》2018,36(11):2078-2091
本研究从企业的双元创新模式选择出发,探究双元创新行为在知识场活性的中介作用下对于企业知识产权能力构建的影响。同时基于不同领导人调节焦点对于双元创新行为的选择偏好,探究其对双元创新与知识产权能力构建的调节作用。对378家不同行业和地区的企业调研数据进行实证研究,结果表明,探索式创新和开发式创新对知识产权创造能力具有倒U型影响,且均对知识产权保护能力具有正向影响,但探索式创新对知识产权管理能力具有负面影响而开发式创新为正面影响。知识场活跃度和开放度在探索式创新与知识产权能力及开发式创新与知识产权能力的路径中均起到中介作用,但作用的方式不同。促进型调节焦点对探索式创新与知识产权创造和运用能力之间的关系具有正向调节作用,对探索式创新与知识产权保护和管理能力之间具有负向调节作用;防御型调节焦点在开发式创新与知识产权创造、保护和管理能力间具有正向调节作用,在开发式创新与知识产权运用能力间具有负向调节作用。 相似文献
13.
Ulrich Lichtenthaler 《Research Policy》2010,39(1):55-66
Industrial firms increasingly attempt to license their technologies apart from applying them in their own products. Because of the imperfections in technology markets, an active approach towards technology licensing does not automatically result in licensing transactions. To balance prior research, which has focused on licensing transactions as the outcome of licensing intentions, we take a contingency view to analyze how characteristics of a firm's innovation ecosystem determine different strategic types of licensing. Specifically, we distinguish proactive licensing, which refers to identifying recipients for technology transactions, and reactive licensing, which relates to offering licenses to infringers of a firm's intellectual property. Survey data show that environmental antecedents concerning appropriability, i.e., patent protection and technological turbulence, and determinants regarding technology markets, i.e., transaction frequency and competitive intensity, have different effects on proactive and reactive licensing. On this basis, the article has major implications for research into technology licensing, markets for technology, and open innovation. 相似文献
14.
To innovate, firms often need to draw from, and collaborate with, a large number of actors from outside their organization. At the same time, firms need also to be focused on capturing the returns from their innovative ideas. This gives rise to a paradox of openness—the creation of innovations often requires openness, but the commercialization of innovations requires protection. Based on econometric analysis of data from a UK innovation survey, we find a concave relationship between firms’ breadth of external search and formal collaboration for innovation, and the strength of the firms’ appropriability strategies. We show that this concave relationship is stronger for breadth of formal collaboration than for external search. There is also partial evidence suggesting that the relationship is less pronounced for both external search and formal collaboration if firms do not draw ideas from or collaborate with competitors. We explore the implications of these findings for the literature on open innovation and innovation strategy. 相似文献
15.
标准创新生态系统治理与知识产权战略演化 《科学学研究》2021,39(7):1326-1334
数字经济创新主体要获取价值,需更好的理解平台和创新生态系统动态。创新生态系统治理与知识产权战略运用,有助于提升技术标准化效率。基于历史文献的移动通信标准跨代多案例研究,揭示知识产权战略管理与标准创新生态系统治理机制的互动演化,探讨开放式创新环境下独占机制、知识产权制度与企业从创新中获利的交互作用。研究发现：其一,移动通信标准创新生态系统治理机制呈现出四大演化趋势,知识产权成为标准创新生态治理的重要手段;其二,伴随标准代际更替及创新生态系统治理的演进,移动通信产业知识产权管理经历了“反专利—亲专利—亲许可—亲诉讼”的战略演化路径;其三,开放式创新环境下独占机制、互补与替代性资产、知识产权战略之间彼此相互作用。互补与替代性资产差异下企业存在独占策略与路径选择差异。 相似文献
16.
企业研发投入创新外包与技术保护策略 《科学学研究》2022,40(1):81-90
如何有效保护领先技术是现代创新型企业所面临的共同问题。本文基于2017年中国企业专利调查数据考察了研发投入、创新外包对于企业技术保护策略的影响。本研究将技术保护策略区分为维持先发、互补性资产组合与知识产权保护三类,将研发投入分解为研发强度与研发周期,依研发组织形式区分创新一体化与创新外包,实证结果发现:（1）研发强度高的企业更倾向于通过维持先发及知识产权的方式来保护技术,研发周期长的企业倾向于通过知识产权尤其是申请专利的方式来保护技术;（2）实现创新一体化的企业更倾向于综合采用维持先发、互补性资产组合及知识产权三种保护策略,实施创新外包的企业更倾向于通过互补性资产组合的方式进行技术保护;进一步细分创新外包程度发现, 随着外包程度的增加,企业会减少对维持先发、知识产权保护策略的使用,增加对互补性资产组合保护策略的使用。 相似文献
17.
近20年来,中国企业创新活动陷入一个两难的困境,企业“不愿”甚至“不敢”进行创新活动。为改善创新的制度环境,2008年中国政府开始实施国家知识产权战略。本文旨在评估产权制度改革的实施效果。研究发现,第一,中国知识产权战略激励了企业的创新活动,能够保护企业创新。知识产权战略通过提高企业间知识侵权的违法成本来达到“保护创新”的目的,不过,行政保护和产权保护环境这两种保护机制很难对创新成果起到改善的作用。第二,中国知识产权战略并没有明显的改善创新质量,企业发明专利数量和新产品产值率均没有明显的提高。若长此以往,企业可能会陷入“不愿创新”的怪圈中,反过来亦会“伤害创新”。第三,相对于非高新技术企业,知识产权战略对高新技术企业的创新投入和创新质量的改善强度更大。需要注意的是,知识产权战略抑制了非高新技术企业的创新质量,也就是说,非高新技术企业干扰了中国知识产权战略的实施效果。那么,一方面中国政府应当继续实施知识产权战略,特别是重点落实知识产权争端的司法惩戒力度;另一方面,中国政府应当关注这一战略实施对非高新技术企业所带来的潜在影响。 相似文献
18.
Mei-Chih Hu 《Research Policy》2012,41(3):541-555
The study described herein uses US Patent and Trademark Office data to assess variations in technological innovation capabilities, and their influence on market performance, among leading TFT-LCD producers in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. The empirical results suggest that TFT-LCD producers in Korea and Taiwan built innovation capabilities by creating complementary knowledge for Japanese firms, whose technologies lead the way in the industry. The results also show that latecomers sought to expand production by selecting certain technological fields, but that they exploited these fields in different ways. Specifically, Korean conglomerates increased their scale of technology in order to improve their technological positions, while Taiwanese producers pursued innovations that strengthened their technological efficiency. While Japanese firms led the way in terms of both technology and market share during the 1990s, they then evolved to become merely technological leaders from 2000 onwards. However, Japanese firms have since renewed their business strategies to counter the aggressive market expansion of their competitors by strengthening the protection of their intellectual property rights through inter-keiretsu collaborations in technological niches, and by securing leadership in the market in high value-added key components in order to retain more of the profits from their own innovations. Four policy imperatives for both technology leading and latecomer countries regarding the development of sustainable industries associated with the industrial cycle and market dynamics are discussed. 相似文献
19.
知识流动状态下自主创新的知识产权风险与防范研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
自主创新是中国企业突破发达国家企业技术包围和垄断的重要策略,但是知识产权风险是影响企业自主创新的主要障碍之一.基于知识流动理论构建了企业自主创新的过程模型,将自主创新过程分为知识吸收、知识创造和知识应用三个阶段;然后根据自主创新不同阶段的特点分析各阶段企业面临的主要知识产权风险及其产生原因;提出了防范控制对策. 相似文献
20.
We propose an extension of the Gans-Stern [Gans, J.S., Stern, S., 2003. The product market and the market for “ideas”: commercialization strategies for technology entrepreneurs. Research Policy 32 (2), 333-350] framework that includes entry by existing firms. An incumbent firm possessing complementary assets and strong appropriability is in a formidable position [Teece, D.J., 1986. Profiting from technological innovation: implications for integration, collaboration, licensing, and public policy. Research Policy 15 (6), 285-305]. However, a de alio entrant can leverage complementary assets to enter along a new technological trajectory, and then develop appropriability. We illustrate how several mobile telecommunications firms (Ericsson, Nokia and Samsung) pursued this strategy to catch up with the market leader (Motorola). We also identify several shortcomings in Motorola's approach: it was too inward-looking in developing technologies, but ironically not inward-looking enough in exploiting its most valuable patents. 相似文献