共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
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练习变异性与一般动作程序的参数变化有关,是通过改变运动参数及不同的背景干扰效应对练习效果产生影响,相对比于以往的固定练习法,变换练习法能够使参与者在练习运动技能过程中因环境、速度、距离、力量等参数的不同,从而体验到不同的运动特征,有效地促进运动技能的学习。现就近10年的研究成果进行综述,希望为今后的研究带来裨益。 相似文献
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体育课程中运动指导价值取向的考察——以运动技能与信息获得关系的考察为中心 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运动技能在体育课程中的价值一直没有从学习过程的意义上得到认定，这导致无法解释特定运动技能获得与未来需要之间的不确定性关系，同时运动指导的研究则被限定在特定运动技能的有效率获得方面。本研究认为，运动技能获得的价值主要不是在于外显的结果，而是作为信息获得的导向性和参照性目标而表现其价值的。 相似文献
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王晓波 《西安体育学院学报》2011,28(5):603-608
观察使用计算机追踪任务探讨任务性质、观察学习和身体练习比例对运动技能学习的影响。72名受试划分为开放性任务学习组和封闭性任务学习组,然后再根据观察学习+身体练习比例将受试随机分为25%观察学习+75%身体练习组、50%观察学习+50%身体练习组、以及75%观察学习+25%身体练习组,进行为期3 d的计算机追踪任务学习。第3 d学习结束后,对所有受试进行即刻测试2、4 h后保持测试和迁移测试。结果显示:对于封闭性任务技能学习而言,50%观察学习+50%身体练习的比例所获得的学习效果好于25%观察学习+75%身体练习的比例和75%观察学习+25%身体练习的比例;对于开放性任务技能学习而言,25%观察学习+75%身体练习的比例所获得的学习效果好于75%观察学习+25%身体练习的比例;使用相同比例条件下,封闭性任务技能的学习效果好于开放性任务技能。 相似文献
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体育课练习的延续是巩固运动技术，提高体育课教学质量的一种有效方法，它不仪能加速运动技能的形成，同时也为实现体育教学对群体活动的指导，完成体育教学与群体活动的一体化提供了一条有效途径。 相似文献
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以固定训练程序进行练习的组块练习（低情境干预）和以随机训练程序进行练习的随机练习（高情境干预）对运动技能学习有重要的影响。运用元分析方法探讨两种练习方式对不同结局指标、不同学习阶段和不同参与肌肉群运动技能学习效果的影响、机制和启示，旨在丰富运动技能学习理论，为提高组块练习和随机练习在体育教学训练实践运用的有效性提供参考依据。研究表明：（1）组块练习和随机练习对不同结局指标、不同练习阶段和不同参与肌肉群的运动技能学习效果不同；（2）从不同结局指标来看，组块练习对动作时间和测量距离类指标的运动技能学习更有效，而随机练习对完成得分和动作速度类效果更佳。（3）从不同学习阶段看，在学习掌握阶段组块练习效果好；在迁移阶段随机练习效果好；而在保持阶段，两种练习方式对不同结局指标运动技能效果各有优势。（4）从不同参与肌肉群的技能看，随机练习对粗大运动技能和精细运动技能学习效果均好于组块练习。 相似文献
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本文采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法,通过查阅相关竞技健美操的资料,结合运动员心理量表,研究竞技健美操运动员心理与常模之间的差异,帮助竞技健美操运动员建立积极应对策略、竞赛心理状态和自我调控体系,旨在为我国竞技健美操未来的训练策略中提供参考建议。 相似文献
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Camille Sabourin Christiane Trottier Eric Frenette Martin Camiré Vicky Drapeau Claude Goulet 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2020,24(1):33-48
ABSTRACTResearch on positive youth development and life skills in sport has gained considerable attention over the past decades. However, there is a lack of translated questionnaires examining youth development and life skills available to non-English researchers and practitioners. The purpose of this research project was to adapt in French two questionnaires and to accumulate validity evidence of these adaptations. The short form – Youth Experiences Survey for Sport and the Life Skills Scale for Sport were adapted using a procedure based on a transcultural validation methodology applied to psychological measures. This research comprises four studies, which led to the French adaptation and validation process of each questionnaire. In conclusion, the results obtained show that these adapted French questionnaires can now be used to evaluate the perceptions and lived experiences of French-speaking athletes regarding positive youth development and life skills in sport. 相似文献
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Leonard M. Ridini 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):674-683
Abstract Junior high school boys (N=181) took part in this study. There were 91 athletes and 90 nonathletes who took five psychological function tests2 and eight sport skill tests to determine (a) whether differences existed in selected psychological functions and selected sport skills between junior high school boy athletes and nonathletes, (b) the degree of relationship between psychological functions and sport skills, (c) the implementation of a six-multiple variation equation in predicting probable individual sport skill scores, and (d) the degree of relationship between a long and short form psychological functions test and a long and short form sport skills test. The Stoelting visual reaction timer apparatus was used to test for simple reaction time. The Howard-Dolman apparatus was used to test for depth perception. The McClure perimeter was used to test for peripheral vision left eye, right eye, and total angle. The sport skill tests used were soccer combination skills and volley; basketball dribble shoot and volley; volleyball volley and serve; and baseball volley and repeat throws. Significant differences existed on all psychological function tests and sport skill tests between athletes and nonathletes, in favor of athletes. The psychological function tests were independent of each other except for peripheral vision total angle with right eye and left eye. There was a low to moderate relationship between the psychological functions and the sport skills. The six-variable multiple R regression equation had a 70 percent predictive accuracy on individual scores for each sport skill test. The short form psychological functions test and the short form sport skills test could replace their respective long forms. The short form psychological functions test could moderately predict sport skill performance in the sport skill areas selected. 相似文献
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Adam G. Pfleegor 《体育哲学杂志》2013,40(2):209-231
Almost four decades ago, Kathleen Pearson examined deceptive practices in sport using a distinction between strategic and definitional deception. However, the complexity and dynamic nature of sport is not limited to this dual-categorization of deceptive acts and there are other features of deception in sport unaccounted for in Pearson's constructs. By employing Torres’s elucidation of the structure of skills and Suits's concept of the lusory-attitude, a more thorough taxonomy of in-contest sport deception will be presented. Despite the ubiquitous presence of deception in sport, few scholars have examined this concept in the sport philosophy literature since Pearson’s contribution. This paper hopes to advance a deeper understanding of deceptive practices in competitive sport and also comment on the ethical permissibility of certain sport skills from a moral perspective. 相似文献
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Rosalina Richards Sheila Williams Richie Poulton Anthony I. Reeder 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(5):413-419
This study examined the strength of tracking sport participation from childhood to early adulthood among the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study cohort. Participation in sport, dance, or gymnastics as part of a club or group (outside of school) was assessed at ages 7, 9, 15, 18, and 21 years. In addition to the traditionally used correlation coefficients, summary statistics (intraclass correlations; ICC) from random effect models and stability coefficients from generalized estimating equations (GEE) were calculated using all the longitudinal data and controlling for the influence of covariates on tracking strength. Correlation coefficients revealed statistically significant tracking of club sport participation (7–21 years) at low levels (r = .07–0.28). The ICC summary statistic (0.23) was consistent with this, while the GEE suggested moderate tracking (0.59). The results of this study suggest that encouraging sport participation during childhood and adolescence may result in a modest increase in the likelihood of participation later in life. However, the substantial movement into and out of sport participation observed here and in other studies cautions against relying solely on sport promotion among youth as a strategy to promote lifelong participation. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to examine the differential effect of sport skills instruction (SSI) and sport skills instruction plus initiative games (SSI +) on the critical thinking (CT) and self-esteem scores of early adolescent boys placed at risk. Students in the SSI + group ( n = 36) participated in initiative games classes in addition to their sport skills activities. Students in the SSI group (n = 44) participated in the sport skills activities only. Since the boys were divided by age (10-11 & 12-13), the influence of age on the dependent variables was also investigated. Classes taught by the initiative games teacher were student-centered while the sport skills classes were teacher-centered. Significant differences between teacher behaviors occurred in interaction patterns, instructional strategies, and management concerns. There were no differences on self-esteem scores. The results supported the addition of initiative games to SSI to foster CT with this group of participants. 相似文献
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目前,体育社会学研究涉及社会转型期过程中企业体育的问题不多,特别是对外资企业文化中企业体育的情况与发展的研究则更少。由于我国企业性质和所有制的变化,使得外资企业体育成为我国企业体育的一个重要部分,并在企业文化建设上显现出其重要的地位和作用。 相似文献
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运动协调的定量方法以及在专项技术分析领域的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
人体的运动协调问题一直受到多个研究领域的关注。Bernstein运动协调观与运动协调的动态系统理论被广泛应用于解释运动协调的形成、发展、特征中,成为研究运动协调的主要理论基础。依据这些理论基础,针对不同类型研究的需要,设计了多种运动协调的定量方法来客观展现人体的协调运动,这些方法都具有各自的优缺点。目前,在专项技术分析领域中,对专项技术中肢体协调层面的研究较多,在多种专项技术中都发现了一些高效的运动协调方式。尽管这些运动协调方式各有不同,但是展现出一些共性的特征。此外,在优秀运动员的技术中,具有较大的肢体协调变异性,这些变异性是肌肉-骨骼复杂系统灵活性的体现,有利于运动任务的实现。在关节动力学、肌肉活动等层面中运动协调的研究相对较少。专项技术中运动协调的研究趋势有:1)由于运动技术种类繁多,各自特征不同,对运动协调的研究将会涉及到更多的运动项目中;2)应用动态系统理论,进一步探索优秀运动员技术中运动协调变异性对专项技术的作用;3)应用动态系统理论,拓展对专项技术中运动协调控制变量的研究;4)拓展在优秀运动员专项技术中关节动力学、肌肉活动等更深层面中运动协调特征的研究。 相似文献
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从规则演变看竞技武术套路技术的发展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用文献资料、数理统计、比较分析、专家访谈等方法，对三个不同年代武术套路竞赛规则的内容、形式、特点及成绩评定方法等相关内容进行对比分析与研究，研究结果表明：竞技武术套路技术发展走向将更注意基本动作的规格与质量；将更强调套路的演练技巧与演练水平；将会朝着国际化、奥运化和“高、难、新、美”的方向发展。 相似文献