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1.
高校科研人员专利行为对学术影响力的实证研究 《科学学研究》2021,39(9):1621-1631
当前我国高校科研人员的专利行为快速增长,如何有效平衡学术研究的公共属性和专利行为的私权属性是高校面临的重要问题。以2008-2017年112所“211”高校及省部级共建高校多专业科研人员的专利行为和学术影响力相关数据构建研究数据库,综合运用负二项回归和二元Logistics回归,实证分析高校科研人员专利行为在“申请-授权”和“授权-交易”两阶段特征对其学术影响力的影响效应。研究表明：高校科研人员的专利申请数量与学术影响力之间存在显著的倒U型关系,随着专利申请数的增加,学术影响力受到的正向影响会增加,当专利申请数达到年均35项左右时,出现负向影响;当高校科研人员采用独占许可进行专利交易时,学术影响力会受到显著的抑制效应。为我国高校专利的全过程管理和相关政策制定提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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基于我国高校与企业间的专利许可数据，本文研究技术成熟度、校企之间的地理距离和校企合作经验如何影响高校采取排他性许可的倾向。当商业化高校的技术伴随着高风险时，企业承诺投入必要资源的意愿降低。本研究认为，合理的许可合同设计是高校解决该问题的方式之一。排他性许可作为高校创造共同承诺的机制，能够减轻技术不成熟、地理距离劣势和缺少合作经验给企业带来的风险，激励企业投入互补性资产，促进高校科技成果产业化。实证结果表明，技术成熟度越低，高校与企业的合作经验越少，高校采用排他性许可的倾向越高。同时，随着地理距离增加，技术成熟度减少高校进行排他性许可倾向的关系会被削弱。 相似文献
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摘要 为研究科学与现有技术对中国传统产业技术创新质量的影响,促进传统产业对科学和现有技术的继承。本文以中药上市企业的中药专利数据为样本,使用零膨胀负二项回归和突变级数法,从静态和动态两个维度分析了中药继承对创新质量影响。发现专利引文数量对创新质量有稳健的消极影响,跨技术领域引证2004年后对创新质量有积极影响,科学引文数量对创新质量随时间由消极影响转变为积极影响,技术标准和古代医药典籍在2003-2004年对创新质量有积极影响,现代医药图书在整体上对创新质量有积极影响。 相似文献
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我国专利"数量大、质量差"的问题日趋显著,学术界和产业界已经逐步重视专利代理服务对科技创新的重要支撑作用,但是如何针对专利质量的提升确立专利代理服务标准和模式这一问题尚没有得到充分论证和清晰解答。在相关文献研究的基础上进行了实证研究,逐一验证了专利代理人胜任特征对专利技术质量和专利申请质量影响的假设命题,进而量化了专利代理人各胜任特征对专利质量的影响程度及路径。研究结果表明,专利代理人的知识结构、职业能力、业务素养、个人品质、发展动机等特征对专利技术质量存在显著正向影响;技能经验、知识结构、社交能力、业务素养、外语技能、职业素养等特征对专利申请质量存在显著正向影响。专利代理人胜任特征与专利质量之间关系的研究有助于引导专利代理行业标准的制定、人员等级的划分以及相关政策的制定,并且为现阶段解决我国专利质量现实问题的政策措施实施提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Despite the economic significance of patented university research, it is difficult to measure the economic value of academic patented inventions and observe the extent to which universities are able to capture such value through patent licensing. Moving beyond assessing commercialization performance by simple statistics, we propose a new approach to benchmarking university patents and commercialization performance based on comparative corporate patent value. Our procedure involves matching university patents to patents with similar patent characteristics granted to public corporations, then estimating the “potential value” of these university patents by stock market reactions to grants of the matched corporate patents. These estimated values of university patents can significantly explain the technology-level income from licensing by a leading US research university and the annual licensing income of the member universities of the Association of University Technology Managers’ (AUTM). We find that AUTM universities realize an average of 16% of the estimated value of matched corporate patents. We also investigate correlates of university‐level potential patent value and suggest avenues for future research. 相似文献
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高校学者参与非商业化的产学合作形式是其科研成果服务社会的重要途径。研究了不同学科环境下部门学术质量对学者产业参与行为的跨层次影响,引入参与动机作为中介变量。通过对562份样本数据的跨层次分析发现：（1）在自然科学类学科,部门学术质量、参与动机的两个维度均对产业参与呈正向影响,参与动机对部门学术质量与产业参与关系起部分中介作用;（2）在人文社会类学科,部门学术质量对研究相关动机及产业参与呈倒U型关系：在低质量部门呈正相关关系,在高质量部门呈负相关关系;仅研究相关动机对部门学术质量和产业参与关系起部分中介作用。研究结论对提高高校成果转化效率有一定的实践意义。 相似文献
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The concept of regional technology spill-overs created by university research is one of the most enduring theories within the economic geography and innovation management fields. This article introduces an alternative perspective on academic commercialization, arguing that the quality of a university's regional environment can significantly impact a university's success in commercializing science. Recent research on university technology transfer stresses the importance of personal contacts between academic and industry scientists in driving commercialization. The social structure of the regional economy in which a university is embedded will strongly influence the density of contacts linking university scientists with individuals in industry, and through doing so, impact the density of networks through which university knowledge can be commercialized. Social network analysis is used to examine the quality of social ties linking industry and university scientists within the San Francisco and Los Angeles California biotechnology industries over the 1980–2005 period. Results support the theory that the existence of strong social networks linking inventors heightens university commercialization output. Despite similar university research endowments, universities in San Francisco have dramatically commercialization outputs than San Francisco, which is correlated with the existence of cohesive inventor networks linking industry and university scientists in this region, but not Los Angeles. Moreover, longitudinal analysis shows that the commercialization output of San Francisco universities increased substantially starting in the early 1990s, the time period in which cohesive inventor networks emerged in the region. 相似文献
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Brent Goldfarb 《Research Policy》2008,37(1):41-58
The growing share of university research funded by industry has sparked concerns that academics will sacrifice traditional scholarly activities to pursue commercial goals. To investigate this concern, I examine the influence of an applied sponsor and consider limitations of the grant funding mechanism. A novel dataset tracks the careers of academic engineers and their relationships with this sponsor. I find that (a) researchers who maintain a relationship with the directed sponsor experience a decrease in publications implying that academics’ careers may be a function of the type of funding received, not only talent; (b) academic merit does not necessarily serve as a funding criterion for sponsors; and (c) citation and publication measures of academic output are often not useful proxies for short-term commercial or social value. 相似文献
10.
Matthew Rafferty 《Research Policy》2008,37(1):29-40
This paper examines the relationship between university research and development (R&D) activities and the Bayh-Dole Act. This act made it much easier for universities to obtain patents from research funded by the federal government and may have provided universities with an incentive to alter their R&D activities. The Act may provide an incentive to reduce basic research (which does not generate licensing fees) and increase applied research (which does generate patents and licensing fees). In addition, industry might be more willing to fund university R&D projects since the results would now be easier to patent. This paper differs from the existing literature which uses patent data (a measure of research output) by using research and development data (a measure of inventive input) to examine the effect of the Act. 相似文献
11.
This paper uses patent citation data to analyze the quality of university technology across European regions. The empirical analysis draws on a panel dataset of 4580 European university-owned patents classified by 202 European regions over the period 1998-2004. The methodology involves a multilevel framework to identify the effects of factors at three hierarchical levels (individual, university, and regional) on the quality of university patenting. The results suggest that regional factors, such as the level of development, industrial potential, and regional higher education R&D expenditure, do not play any significant role in determining the quality of European university patents. We instead find that the factors affecting patent quality stem from their specific characteristics. We also find that university size does not explain the quality of patents. However, there is significant unobserved heterogeneity at the university level in all models, suggesting that differences in other university characteristics explain a substantial part of the variance in patent quality. 相似文献
12.
专利引用是技术或知识溢出的重要机制,网络拓扑分析的引入有助于理解专利引用网络的结构特征,揭示专利引用过程中的技术或知识流动规律。在USPTO系统中,检索中外企业专利引用清华大学专利的相关数据,构建清华大学专利被企业引用网络,并运用社会网络分析方法研究网络特征路径长度、聚合系数、中心度等结构特征。研究发现,清华大学专利被企业引用网络的特征路径长度小,聚合系数较高,存在明显的小世界现象;网络中心度分布呈现明显的"少数结点拥有大量联结,大量结点拥有少数联结"的现象,符合幂律分布特征。 相似文献
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本文使用2008—2017年中国制造业上市企业专利许可数据,采用倾向值得分匹配倍差法考察了企业专利技术对外许可行为与自身创新能力发展的关系。研究发现：总体而言,中国制造业上市企业专利技术对外许可行为存在显著的自选择效应,创新能力越强的企业选择对外许可其专利使用权的可能性越大;控制自选择效应后,企业专利对外许可行为对自身创新能力的发展有长期促进作用。对不同技术类型企业研究发现,高、低技术产业企业的专利许可行为对其自身创新能力提升分别有长、短期促进作用,中技术产业企业的许可行为对企业创新能力发展则无显著影响。 相似文献
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以Scopus数据库引文数据,运用文献计量分析方法,构建科研竞争力评价指标体系框架,对高水平行业特色研究型大学进行综合分析,从科研生产力、科研影响力、科研创新力、科研发展力四个维度评价高校科研竞争力的现状、水平及其发展趋势。研究发现,高水平行业特色研究型大学科研生产力水平已具有一定的优势、呈现良好的发展态势;科研影响力也不断扩大、有了显著的提升;但科研创新力、科研发展力还有较大的提升空间。高水平行业特色研究型大学应重视学术品质,关注国际科技前沿、注重学科交叉融合,加强与国际一流大学和科研机构实质性合作,加大海外引智、引才力度,加快绩效考核与分配制度改革、引导科研人员重视基础研究。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2022,51(10):104598
The licensing of university technologies to private firms has become an important part of the technology transfer mission of many universities. An inherent challenge for the technology licensing of universities is that potential licensees find it difficult to judge the early stage technologies and their ultimate commercial value. We reason that patent litigation against universities can have unintended signaling effects about the commercial value of its technologies and results in increased licensing income for the university. We ground this hypothesis in theory integrating signaling mechanisms from patent enforcement research into theoretical models explaining university technology licensing. Within our logic, the public and costly nature of patent litigation against universities creates strong, credible signals to potential licensees about the technologies of a university even if the signal was not created for that specific purpose. We isolate the signaling mechanism that is central to our theorizing by exploring two moderation factors that reveal additional information to potential licensees, i.e. the licensing track-record of the university and whether the lawsuit involves private firms as co-defendants. We test our theory with a unique dataset of 157 US universities and the 1408 patent infringement cases in which they were involved as defendants over the period 2005–2016. Results show that defending against claims of patent infringement enhances technology licensing revenues, particularly when universities are already adept at licensing technology and when they are co-defendants with private firms. 相似文献
16.
Scientific breakthroughs coming from universities can contribute to the emergence of new industries, such as in the case of biotechnology. Obviously, not all research conducted in universities leads to a radical change from existing technological trajectories. Patents and patent dynamics have long been recognized as critical in understanding the emergence of new technologies and industries. Specifically, patent citations provide insight into the originality of a discovery that has received patent protection. Yet while a large body of literature addresses the impact of patent originality on various firm performance measures, we address the question of what conditions drive patent originality in the process of knowledge creation within the university. Using data on patented cancer research, we examine how research context – as reflected by the funding source for each scientist – is associated with patent originality. We find that when university scientists are partly funded by their own university, they have a higher propensity to generate more original patents. By contrast, university scientists funded either by industry or other non-university organizations have a lower propensity to generate more original patents. The significance of our findings in the cancer research setting call for further research on this question in other research fields. 相似文献
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基于专利引文的科学—技术关联探测方法包括三大步骤:以引用关系为纽带,建立代表技术知识的专利方数据集与代表科学知识的论文方数据集之间的对应关系;确定论文方所代表的科学学科和专利方所代表的技术领域;建立科学学科与技术领域间的映射,描述并显示双方的知识溢出关系。但这三大步骤中分别存在以下问题:一是不区分专利对论文的引用类型将导致探测误差;二是依据IPC的分类方法不能反映专利方子技术领域的知识类别;三是现有探测方法中缺失科学论文对技术创新的反向引用计量。 相似文献
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[目的]应用文献计量学指标对国家卫生和计划生育委员会主管的182种医学学术期刊学术质量进行分类评估,为提升委管期刊的整体学术质量提供指导依据。[方法]根据分学科评价学术质量的原则,采用专家调查法遴选总被引频次、影响因子、相对影响因子、他引率、平均引文数、基金论文比、综合评价总分等7项指标,采取不同的加权赋值的方法,实现总体排序。[结果]委管的182种医学学术期刊总被引频次、影响因子、相对影响因子、平均引文数均值等4项指标均高于1062种全国医药卫生类期刊平均值;按总分为25分计算,对182种期刊按照得分高低进行排序。[结论]委管182种医学学术期刊学术质量中计量学指标的整体水平较高,但两极分化显著;根据评价结果提出了提升委管期刊学术质量的对策建议。 相似文献
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