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胡婷婷 《南京晓庄学院学报》2012,(2):75-79,111
该研究采用词一词情绪启动范式和阈下情绪启动范式探讨靶词词频与情绪启动关系,采用两个实验分别从阈上、闽下探讨启动刺激和靶刺激效价一致和不一致时,个体对高频靶词和低频靶词评价分类差异。结果发现：在阈上条件下,靶词词频、效价及SOA的主效应均显著;在阈下条件下,除了词频效应显著外,效价匹配和SOA的交互作用极其显著;靶词词频和SOA三重交互作用达到显著性水平。根据研究结果,提出在情绪启动词一词范式中,将遵循最小努力假设,对靶词进行效价判断。 相似文献
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本研究设置情绪启动和语义启动两种情境,欲从两种启动后个体的认知偏向改变的角度对小学儿童情绪启动与语义启动效应进行直接比较.实验材料中的启动刺激为集表情信息和性别语义信息为一体的面孔图片,并对两种信息强度进行匹配,靶刺激为模糊面孔图片.选取三年级儿童共40名,让被试完成 SOA 设置为250 ms 的偏向判断实验.结果发现:在同样强度的情绪信息和语义信息启动条件下,基于各自优势的偏向判断任务,情绪启动的表现很典型,出现了与启动刺激一致性的情绪偏向.该结果说明,情绪、语义启动后对认知偏向的改变不仅仅由启动刺激的情绪信息和语义信息带来,同时也受到个体自身偏向的影响.启动刺激的情绪效价信息可以在短时间内得到加工,并且属于自动激活的加工方式. 相似文献
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成人阈下情绪启动效应实验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以43名正常成人为被试，在哭／笑／中性表情面孔刺激阈下启动下，根据人物后脑勺图片对其中的人物进行表情判断，以考察在一定条件下情绪对认知偏向的影响。结果发现，哭情绪刺激启动使被试对靶刺激的判断发生显的情绪一致性偏向，而笑表情面孔没有产生显的启动效应。说明被试具有区分阈下刺激情绪效价的能力，无意识下的情绪影响具有弥漫性。该结果归因于被试面对模糊刺激采取启发式策略，需要注意可能存在扭曲我们认知的隐性环境问题。 相似文献
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本研究以29名大学生为被试,设计认知启动、情绪启动、意志启动、动作启动4个维度6种情境的教学实验条件,并采用t检验和维尔克松符号等级检验处理数据.研究结果表明以学生自我体验和实际回忆量为标准,情绪启动方式教学效果最好,其次是认知丰富启动,第三为动作启动方式;并得出如下结论:课堂教学中确实存在不同通道的启动效应,且各自的启动效果不同;6种启动方式中最佳的启动方式为情绪启动,其次是认知丰富启动,然后是动作启动;被迫意志启动、认知单调启动的启动效果不明显,应减少使用. 相似文献
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传统双语心理词汇语义启动实验大都采用SOA单点测试法,该方法缺陷明显:若SOA太短,受试对启动词的语义提取程度太低,因而对目标词不会产生启动效应;若SOA太长,受试理论上存在实施翻译等控制性加工策略的可能;若SOA足够长,而启动词和目标词语义相关度不高,实验仍无法发现跨语言的语义启动效应。在0-MinLCLASP区间选择多个SOA点对汉英双语心理词汇的语义表征作实证研究,发现了"跨语言语义自动激活扩散区间"的存在,说明双语心理词汇的语义表征支持"共同存贮"模型,实验的成功改进并完善了传统的语义启动实验范式。 相似文献
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从文化依恋角度探索个体对包括本族在内的区内民族及中华民族的认同,是研究中华民族共同体认同的有效途径。以广西三江侗族自治县侗族、苗族、瑶族高中生为被试,探讨个体对区内民族和中华民族的文化依恋。实验1表明,在威胁情境下,阈下呈现本族文化符号提升对随机几何图形的喜爱度评分,反应时显著长于中性图片启动。实验2表明,在威胁情境下,阈下呈现本族、区内其他民族文化符号和中华民族文化符号提升对随机几何图形的喜爱度评分,本族、区内其他民族文化符号和中华民族文化符号启动的反应时显著长于区外民族文化符号和中性图片启动,说明被试对区内民族文化符号和中华民族文化符号形成了依恋。在威胁情境下,本族、区内其他民族文化符号和中华民族文化符号给个体带来了安全感。民族互嵌地区少数民族高中生已将区内其他民族和中华民族视为内群体,对区内其他民族和中华民族形成了依恋。 相似文献
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语言产生中词汇加工的时间进程研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过视觉呈现图形命名的方式研究汉语语言产生中词汇加工的时问进程，结果发现，实验一中，SOA为57ms时，语义干扰词有明显的抑制效应，而语音干扰词则没有效应；实验二中，SOA为157ms时，语义干扰词没有效应，而语音干扰词出现促进效应，这表明汉语语言产生中词汇加工也存在两个独立的加工阶段。 相似文献
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为了探讨时间复制任务中是否存在编码方式（连续编码和中断编码）和中断位置效应,实验1和2分别考察编码阶段有无中断和中断位置对时间复制成绩的影响。结果发现,对于1700ms靶时距而言,两种编码方式条件下的时间复制成绩无显著差异;对于2300ms靶时距而言,中断编码任务条件下显著较连续编码任务条件下时间复制长度短。而且,不管对1700ms还是2300ms靶时距而言,随着中断位置越靠后,时间复制长度都越短。这说明,编码中断及中断位置对时间复制有显著影响,时间复制任务中存在中断位置效应。 相似文献
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针对国内中学生情绪智力研究存在的性别差异不一致的现象,使用元分析技术对中学男女生情绪智力研究的结果进行再分析。结果显示：（1）总体上,中学男女生情绪智力得分与1998年初始测试结果差异显著（t男=-1.719,P〈0.05;t女=-5.862,P〈0.05）;（2）中学生情绪智力确实存在显著性别差异（^-d=-1.63,P〈0.05）,其中女生在感知情绪和调控他人情绪的能力上优于男生;（3）情绪智力研究存在地域效应,但报告质量、发表年代、样本容量等特征对情绪智力的调查结果影响不大。 相似文献
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We report two experiments investigating the effect of phonological priming on the recognition of two types of Chinese characters: compound targets which contain separate radical components; and integrated targets which do not contain separate radicals. We used a masked priming paradigm with varying prime-target exposure durations. In Experiment 1, phonological priming effects on compound target recognition were found following a 50 msec SOA. However, there was no evidence of phonological priming on integrated target recognition at this SOA. In Experiment 2 we investigated the time course of phonological priming effects at three prime-target SOAs (30, 50 and 80 msec) in a between-subjects design. Semantic priming effects were also investigated. Phonological priming effects on compound target recognition were found following the 50 msec and the 80 msec SOAs. However, there was no evidence of phonological priming on integrated target recognition at any SOA. Semantic priming effects on both compound and integrated target recognition were found in the 50 msec and the 80 msec SOA conditions suggesting that phonological and semantic activation are co-incidental during compound character recognition. We conclude that character type constrains the activation of phonology during Chinese character recognition. 相似文献
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This paper investigates whether or not lexical stress is used for lexical access in Spanish. A lexical decision task and a
masking priming procedure were used to compare correctly-versus-incorrectly stressed words (e.g., técla-TECLA vs. teclá-TECLA). SOA (Stimulus Onset Asynchrony) was manipulated at 33, 66, 100, and 143 ms. The results showed that congruent condition
was easier, but in 143 ms SOA only. Furthermore, while congruent condition did not differ from a control identity condition
(e.g., tecla-TECLA) incongruent condition was slower, but in 100 and 143 ms SOA only. All these results suggest that stress affects lexical
access at a late stage of lexical access processing. Reading models should be re-designed in order to include lexical stress
as another phonological code which is used for reading. 相似文献
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Brandi Stupica Bonnie E. Brett Susan S. Woodhouse Jude Cassidy 《Child development》2019,90(4):1254-1271
Ninety 6- and 7-year-olds (49.3% White, mostly middle class) from greater Washington, DC were randomly assigned to a subliminal priming condition (secure, happy, or neutral) to determine if attachment security priming decreases physiological, expressive, and self-reported fear reactions to threatening stimuli. Dispositional attachment security was also assessed. Secure priming and attachment security each decreased electrodermal reactivity, increased vagal augmentation, and decreased fearful facial expressions compared to control conditions. Examination of a statistical interaction between security priming and child attachment indicated that, although secure children had increased vagal augmentation and fewer fearful expressions than insecure children, the effects of priming were constant across secure and insecure children. There were no priming or attachment effects associated with children's self-reported fear. 相似文献
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This study examined three processes crucial to reading comprehension (semantic access, integration, and inhibition) to identify causes of comprehension impairment. Poor comprehenders were compared to chronological-age controls and vocabulary-age (VA) controls. When listening to homonym primes (“bank”) versus unrelated primes, controls were faster to name pictures related to dominant (money) and subordinate (river) meanings at 250 ms interstimulus interval (ISI) but only showed dominant priming at 1,000 ms ISI, whereas poor comprehenders only showed dominant priming. When listening to subordinately biased sentences ending in homonyms (“John fished from the bank”) versus control sentences, all groups showed priming when naming subordinate (appropriate) pictures at 250 ms ISI: VA controls and poor comprehenders also showed priming when naming dominant (inappropriate) pictures. At 1,000 ms ISI, controls showed appropriate priming, whereas poor comprehenders only showed inappropriate priming. These findings suggest that poor comprehenders have difficulties accessing subordinate word meanings, which can manifest as a failure to inhibit irrelevant information. 相似文献
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以初中生为被试,采用组间实验设计,通过分离具体刺激种类的方法分别考察身体暴力及言语暴力因素对不同性别个体内隐性攻击性的影响,着重考察针对身体暴力因素的阈下刺激。结果表明:(1)青少年在接受身体和言语暴力材料的启动后,内隐攻击性均显著提高。(2)不同启动材料对内隐攻击性的影响表现出性别差异。身体暴力启动材料更容易启动男生的内隐攻击性,而言语类暴力启动材料则更容易启动女生的内隐攻击性。(3)青少年在接受不同阈值水平启动条件下的内隐攻击性受到性别影响。阈值上启动材料更容易启动男生的内隐攻击性;与男生相比,女生的内隐攻击性更容易受阈值下启动材料的影响。 相似文献
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Sarah Schimchowitsch Odile Rohmer 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》2016,63(6):641-650
The present research further extends recent data revealing implicit attitude towards persons with disability, with the aim to explore if meditation practice can reduce automatic mental processes initiating prejudice. Forty adult experienced meditators and 34 meditation-naïve individuals performed an evaluative priming task. None of them presented any disability. Results show important discrepancies between control and meditation practicing participants: subliminal disability-priming inhibited evaluation of positive words and facilitated evaluation of negative words in the control group, thus revealing the presence of an implicit prejudice toward people with disability. In the meditator group, a quite different pattern of results emerged: disability-priming did not affect the evaluation of words, whether positive or negative. These findings suggest that meditation practice could deter automatised categorisation. They provide a hopeful message in the limited current armamentarium for decreasing negative attitudes towards persons with disability. 相似文献
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Hidekazu Kaneko Hiroto Sano Yasuhisa Hasegawa Hiroshi Tamura Shinya S. Suzuki 《Learning & behavior》2017,45(2):191-204
To investigate how motor sensation facilitates learning, we used a sensory–motor association task to determine whether the sensation induced by forced movements contributes to performance improvements in rats. The rats were trained to respond to a tactile stimulus (an air puff) by releasing a lever pressed by the stimulated (compatible condition) or nonstimulated (incompatible condition) forepaw. When error rates fell below 15%, the compatibility condition was changed (reversal learning). An error trial was followed by a lever activation trial in which a lever on the correct or the incorrect response side was automatically elevated at a preset time of 120, 220, 320, or 420 ms after tactile stimulation. This lever activation induced forepaw movement similar to that in a voluntary lever release response, and also induced body movement that occasionally caused elevation of the other forepaw. The effects of lever activation may have produced a sensation similar to that of voluntary lever release by the forepaw on the nonactivated lever. We found that the performance improvement rate was increased by the lever activation procedure on the incorrect response side (i.e., with the nonactivated lever on the correct response side). Furthermore, the performance improvement rate changed depending on the timing of lever activation: Facilitative effects were largest with lever activation on the incorrect response side at 320 ms after tactile stimulation, whereas hindering effects were largest for lever activation on the correct response side at 220 ms after tactile stimulation. These findings suggest that forced movements, which provide tactile and proprioceptive stimulation, affect sensory–motor associative learning in a time-dependent manner. 相似文献
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通过代表高低趋近动机水平的欲求美食图片和愉悦动物图片作为积极情绪刺激。运用空间线索任务,从而探讨个体的注意偏向机制,进而验证积极情绪对注意偏向的影响。以在校学生为被试,采用2（线索刺激：关食图片,动物图片）×2（提示类型：有效,无效）被试内设计。研究发现：当SOA=300ms时,个体对高趋近动机水平刺激没有出现注意警觉,也没有出现注意维持。 相似文献
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Jo Deguara 《International Journal of Early Years Education》2018,26(1):4-23
This paper examines the schematic underpinnings in the drawings of a four-year-old girl, Thea. The paper reviews literature on graphic representations, signs and meaning-making before discussing schematic form in children’s drawings, the theoretical background for the study. The paper discusses ethical issues and methodological approaches to the study where data include drawings made at home and school, Thea’s recorded talk about drawings, and video recordings of her drawing sessions over a four-month period. These were coded manually and using NVivo to identify schemas. The paper discusses examples of Thea’s exploration of enclosure and trajectory schematic form, which are represented by rich content derived from her experiences and imagination. The paper concludes that Thea’s drawings included many schematic signifiers with clear evidence of complex thinking around enclosures and of vertical and horizontal trajectories. The paper evidences the importance of listening to children’s talk as they draw in order to understand more fully, the meanings they are making. Through signs, symbols and personal narratives, Thea used drawing as a meaningful semiotic space where her persistent schematic concerns were manifest. 相似文献
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John F Moore David M Moore 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》1984,15(3):182-190
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of supplemental subliminal captions and field dependence on the recall of cognitive information. Groups of subjects (N = 199) viewed one of four television presentations: subliminal captions only, conventional (visible) captions only, subliminal and visible combined for reinforcement, and subliminal and visible mismatched for interference. Data was analysed using ANCOVA and Tukey multiple comparison tests with a 0.05 significance level. There was a significant difference in recall between field dependents and field independents in each treatment except combined subliminal and conventional captions.
Based on this evidence the authors suggest repetitive subliminal television captions which supplement visible captions may be an effective device for reducing differences in achievement attributable to cognitive style in learning from television programmes. 相似文献
Based on this evidence the authors suggest repetitive subliminal television captions which supplement visible captions may be an effective device for reducing differences in achievement attributable to cognitive style in learning from television programmes. 相似文献