共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 765 毫秒
1.
2.
高中地理必修1“大气的温室效应和保温作用”是学习的重难点,如今公众关注的全球变暖,基本归因为二氧化碳等温室气体的过度排放,导致温室效应和保温作用加剧。所谓的温室效应是指太阳短波辐射绝大部分能穿透大气层直接加热地面,而大气却能吸收几乎全部的地面长波辐射,并向地面发射长波辐射(称大气逆辐射),这种辐射具易进而不易失的效应,称温室效应,也称花房效应。大气中有此选择吸收能力的气体很多,如水汽、二氧化碳等能强烈吸收地面长波辐射,将热量储存于大气中,再通过大气逆辐射将热量还给地面,从而起到保温作用。然而,二氧化碳真的是温室气体吗?它是怎样产生温室效应的?产生的效应究竟有多强?这引起了我们的好奇和思考,想通过实验一探究竟。 相似文献
3.
苑文春 《中学政史地(九年级)》2006,(12)
太阳的短波辐射能够透过大气中的二氧化碳等温室气体,使地表增温;同时二氧化碳等温室气体又能吸收来自地面的长波辐射,减少地表热量的外散,使气温升高。这种现象被称“为温室效应”。悬浮在空气中的微尘,将部分太阳辐射反射回宇宙空间,削弱了到达地面的太阳辐射能;同时吸湿性的微尘又能作为凝结核,促使周围的水汽在其上面凝结,导致低云、雾增多,从而减少了到达地面的太阳辐射能,使地面降温。这种现象被称“为阳伞效应”。地表因温室气体造成的“温室效应”和因大气尘埃造成的“阳伞效应”是相互联系、相互制约的。一方面全球气候变暖(发生“… 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
王宏刚 《中学语文教学参考(高中生版(学语文))》2008,(Z1)
温室效应自然界大气中固有的 CO_2、水汽、O_3、CH_4、N_2O 等成分,以及人类活动释放的污染物质,主要有氟氯烃化合物(CFCs)及 CO_2、CH_4等气体,对太阳短波辐射几乎是透明的,但对于地面的长波辐射却能强烈吸收并转化为热能,再通过大气逆辐射将热量还给地面,在一定程度上补偿了地面因长波辐射而温度降低,对地面起着保温作用,即大气的温室效应。温室效应 相似文献
7.
8.
在高一教材第二单元第二节“大气的热力状况”中,关于大气的保温作用有这样两段话“:对流层中的水汽和二氧化碳等,主要吸收太阳辐射中波长较长的红外线。……由此可见,大气直接吸收的太阳辐射能量是很少的。”“对流层大气中的水汽和二氧化碳等吸收红外线长波辐射的能力很强。……”在太阳辐射中,红外线的能量占太阳辐射总能量的43%。如果把教材中的上面两段文字联系起来理解,似乎可以得出这样的结论:既然对流层大气中的水汽和二氧化碳等吸收红外线长波辐射的能力很强,红外线的能量又占到太阳辐射总能量的43%。那么,大气直接吸收太阳辐射的… 相似文献
9.
周益新 《中学语文教学参考(高中生版(学语文))》1999,(11)
第二单元 地球上的大气一、重点内容和重要知识结构本单元重点内容可概括为五大部分：（１）大气的组成和垂直分层;（２）大气的状况;（３）大气的运动;（４）大气的降水;（５）天气与气候。（一）大气的组成和垂直分层（１）大气的组成,重点是掌握各种大气成分的作用。低层大气干洁空气氮——地球上生物体的基本成分氧——一切生物维持生命必需的物质二氧化碳——植物光合作用的重要原料,对地面有保温作用臭氧——大量吸收太阳紫外线辐射,保护地面生物免受紫外线伤害水汽——成云致雨的必要原料固体杂质——作为凝结核,促成水汽凝… 相似文献
10.
在高一教材第二单元第二节“大气的热力状况”中，关于大气的保温作用有这样两段话：“对流层中的水汽和二氧化碳等，主要吸收太阳辐射中流长较长的红外线。……由此可见，大气直接吸收的太阳辐射能量是很少的。”“对流层大气中的水汽和二氧化碳等吸收红外线长波辐射的能力很强。……” 相似文献
11.
论证了在汽液界面也存在一种自发形成的非平衡有序结构,此结构由分子因热运动而在汽液两相之间迁移而自发形成.针对该有序结构提出了一个实验模型,该模型中每个自发过程都会使某环节向平衡靠近而却同时导致另一环节偏离平衡,自发过程之间的联动和互补作用形成一个自持续的循环机制.分析表明,通过适当的动力学机制可使汽液界面的相变过程总是保持不平衡,从液相净迁移进汽相的分子能以设定的路径返回液面并在此过程中释放分子势能做功.提出与麦克斯韦妖功能类似的非耗能有序化自组织机制是可能存在的,分子的微观无序运动能转化为宏观的定向运动. 相似文献
12.
简述了水的形成与转化过程,地下给排网线的形成,地面水的形成与水量的分布,地空的水循环,水与大气的能量转化和物质交换,地下的水循环。水污染对人类的危害,污水对地球的污染,超采地下水源的严重危害性,保护水质保护水源的措施。在人类认识了水资源短缺性、缺水的严重性、水污染的危害性、节水的重要性、保护水质保护水资源的紧迫性以后,就能实现水的可持续利用,达到人水和谐相处。 相似文献
13.
海面蒸发是海气相互作用的重要途径之一，是地球上热能交换的重要因子，海面蒸发量的测量对海气通量交换的研究具有十分重要的意义；但是目前国内广泛应用的测量工具都不适合在调查船上使用。文章介绍了一种经过改进的适用于船上测量海面蒸发量的试验装置，从它如何消除船舶摇摆对蒸发量测量的影响以及如何减小测量用海水与实际海表面海水的温差两个方面做了详细的介绍，并通过试验数据的对比验证，说明了本试验装置具有实用性和推广价值。 相似文献
14.
With rising standards of living, the per capita energy consumption is increasing rapidly all over the world. The limited reserves of fossil fuels may be exhausted by the middle of the next century. This crisis situation has forced technologists to turn to alternate sources of energy, like wind energy, ocean thermal energy and solar energy. All the above forms of energy are indirectly derived from solar energy. In this article a short account of the amount of solar radiation reaching the earth, its spectral distribution and its interaction with the earth’s atmosphere is presented. A brief discussion is given on hydro-power, wind-power and ocean thermal energy conversion as indirect techniques of utilization of solar energy. Solar energy can also be directly converted into heat and electricity. Techniques for such direct conversion, with special reference to photovoltaic generation of electricity, are also described in this article. 相似文献
15.
WU Ming-hong BAO Bo-rong CHEN Jie LU Li-rong Shanghai Applied Radiation Institute Shanghai University Shanghai China 《上海大学学报(英文版)》2000,(Z1)
1 IntroductionActivated carbon is very useful for removal ofpollutants in wastewater and raw drinking water for itslarge adsorbing power. After a cedain time of use, theabsorbing power of activated carbon decreased so that theused activated carbon must be regenerated for economicalreuse.There are many methods for activated carbonregeneration, such as medicamellt method['], oxidizingm.thodl'] and heating method .iC[3]. For reversibleadsorption of organic pollutants with high concenthaonand low… 相似文献
16.
The powdered activated carbon which had adsorbed phenylglycine solution from pharmaceutics factory can be regenerated by
mean of irradiation of high-energy electron beams in oxygen, nitrogen and water vapor respectively. The effects of radiation dose and beam
current on regeneration of activated carbon in different atmosphere were studied. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the iodine
number of activated carbon were used to monitor the change of carbon adsorption. The results show that the powder activated carbon
polluted with phenlglycine could be regenerated effectively by irradiation of high energy electron beams in nitrogen stream. The generation
did not need high temperature, and the weight loss of carbon and energy consumption were minimum. 相似文献
17.
地球大气的物理变化与海洋的物理化学变化是相互关联的。大气中氢离子的失衡导致氢氧根离子、氯离子等一类的极大饱和,使海洋中的盐碱浓度增大,从而致使海洋中某些生物（例如恐龙）无法生存最后灭绝。这也是引起地球温室效应的一个很重要原因,特别是太阳的剧烈活动是地球变暖的根本所在。 相似文献
18.
INTRODUCTION Dynamics of carbon and water vapor fluxesexchange between the atmosphere and the ecosystembiosphere, depend on complex and non-liner interplayamong physiological, ecological, biochemical andedaphic factors and meteorological conditions (Jarvis,1995; Leuning et al., 1995). There are many studiesquantifying the fluxes across different time and spacescales as well as assessing the environment con-straints on them by some kinds of biophysical orempirical models whose resul… 相似文献
19.
George Marx 《Science & Education》1996,5(3):225-234
Enrico Fermi was a man with outstanding talents, he had many interests outside his own particular field. He was credited with asking famous questions. There are long preambles to Fermi's questions like this: — ‘The universe is vast, containing myriads of stars, many of them not unlike our Sun. Many of these stars are likely to have planets circling around them. A fair fraction of these planets will have liquid water on their surface and a gaseous atmosphere. The energy pouring down from a star will cause the synthesis of organic compounds, turning the ocean into a thin, warm soup. These chemicals will join each other to produce a self-reproducing system. The simplest living things will multiply, and evolve by natural selection and become more complicated. And eventually active, thinking creatures will emerge. Civilization, science and technology will follow. Then, yearning for fresh worlds, they will travel to neighboring planets, and later to planets of nearby stars. Eventually they should spread out all over the Galaxy. These highly exceptional and talented people could hardly overlook such a beautiful place as our Earth’. And so Fermi came to his overwhelming question, — ‘If all this has been happening, they should have arrived here by now, so where are they?’ It was Leo Szilard, a man with an impish sense of humor who supplied the perfect reply to Fermi's rhetoric: ‘They are among us’, he said, ‘but they call themselves Hungarians’. 相似文献
20.
余方镇 《商丘师范学院学报》2012,28(9):87-91
El Nino是从南美西海岸延伸至赤道东太平洋向西至日界线大范围的海面温度异常增暖现象.Southern Oscillation是太平洋东西两侧海平面气压的反相关关系.El Nino/Southern Oscillation合称为ENSO.信风强弱关系到赤道西太平洋暖池的维持与El Nino的爆发,而人类活动所引起的地球变暖将是今后气候变化总的趋势,气候变暖将使全球海面上升,地球的自转半径增加,从角动量守恒的角度考虑,地球自转的速度将减慢,赤道两侧的信风相对于海面的速度也相应减小,维持赤道西太平洋暖池及海面东低西高形势的支柱被破坏.因此,我们将面临更频繁的El Nino和更多的极端天气. 相似文献