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1.
吴文前 《成都教育学院学报》2008,22(8):4-8
西方发达国家的家政教育序列已相当完备,中国现代家政教育恢复不久,远未形成阶梯式的家政教育序列,导致个人、社会、企业都遇到现实的困难,逐步构建完善连续的家政教育序列是非常必要而迫切的。开发家政教育校本课程,重视家长对孩子的教育和引导;加强中小学“生活课程”的学习,重视孩子的生存教育;中等家政职业学校教育走城乡结合服务的道路,培养技能型人才;高校家政教育应立足社会,培养实用型人才。以此形成大中小学衔接的正规家政教育体系,与业余教育、大众教育共同构成家政教育网络。 相似文献
2.
This paper adds a measure of school costs to the model of determinants of schooling. Costs are estimated with controls for selection into school and the possibility of receiving free primary education (FPE). Controlling for costs, household wealth has a large, positive effect on primary school attendance with greater income elasticity for girls than boys. Girls’ attendance also depends on opportunity costs generated by providing child care for younger siblings and living on a family farm. Policies that increase household resources and reduce opportunity costs are recommended to complement free primary education. 相似文献
3.
This paper uses multivariate regression techniques to analyse household survey data collected in rural Tanzania in 1992 in a joint research project by TADREG (Tanzania Development Research Group) and the University of Dar es Salaam. It focuses on how household and individual characteristics affect whether or not a child goes to primary school, completes primary and attends secondary. The regression analysis clearly shows substantial intra-household differences between the way in which household characteristics affect outcomes for boys and girls, and how mothers' and fathers' influence over resource decisions differentially affect outcomes. For example, when looking at the decision as to whether to enrol in primary school, fathers' education has a greater influence on boys whereas mothers' primary education has a greater influence on girls. Furthermore, married mothers' education can increase the probability of girls enrolling in secondary school by 9.7 per cent for primary education and a further 17.6 per cent for secondary, while having no significant effect on the enrolment of boys. These results imply that mothers have a relatively stronger preference for their daughters' education and that their education affords them either increased household decision-making power or increased economic status. 相似文献
4.
《International Journal of Educational Development》2006,26(5):545-560
We study family background effects on participation in primary and secondary education of children in Turkey using large representative data sets. Educational participation, especially of girls, is found to be still a major concern, with non-enrollment being especially high in the countryside and the eastern part of the country. Parental education, number of siblings, household income, occupation of the father, traditionality of the mother and the mother's ability to speak Turkish are major factors affecting participation. For primary participation of girls, having a mother who has completed primary education and who can speak Turkish is most significant. Traditional gender role attitudes of the mother reduce the girl's chances to get secondary education. For participation of boys, the economic situation of the household is important. Findings indicate that a key role is played by the mothers of the children who are out of school. Reaching this group of mostly illiterate and traditional women is a major challenge for policy makers wanting to improve the situation. 相似文献
5.
This paper analyzes recent household survey data from Gansu, a less developed province in Northwest China, to examine school attainment in a poor rural area of China. Censored ordered probit regressions are used to estimate the determinants of years of schooling. Child nutritional status, as measured by height-for-age Z-scores, and household income have positive effects on completed years of schooling. Mothers’ education and attitudes toward children's education also have strong effects. Children of mothers with 6 years of primary education will go to school 1.4 years longer than their counterparts whose mothers who have no education. Science labs in lower secondary schools appear to have positive impacts; providing a science lab is estimated to extend years of schooling by 1.8 years. Finally, teachers’ experience in lower secondary schools also has a strong positive impact on school attainment. 相似文献
6.
政府与家庭的教育经费分担:寻求适当的平衡 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
尽管在大多数国家 ,政府仍然有望承担教育的主要费用 ,但政府将和家庭、社区和其他社会团体及个人共同分担资助教育经费的责任。本文通过数据比较 ,考察一些国家中政府和家庭分担教育费用的情况。关注的重点是初等和中等教育 ,文中成本的概念包括直接成本和机会成本 ,其中一部分具体讨论到家庭课外补习。与此同时 ,文中还着重讨论了国际机构政策倡议的变革 ,成本分担的替代选择以及在寻求政府和家庭之间教育经费分担平衡时所必须考虑的主要因素 相似文献
7.
《International Journal of Educational Development》1997,17(1):73-81
This paper uses data from the 1988 Family Expenditure Survey to estimate and analyze the private expenditure on education in Greece. Such expenditure amounts to 111,624 million drs per year or 2.1% of total household expenditure. The aggregate expenditure of households is roughly half of what the state is spending on education. The dominant type of expenditure is for foreign languages and private crammer schools (frontisteria). There are sharp differences in private expenditure on education depending on the location of the household (spending in Athens is two-and-a-half times that of small towns and villages), the household's total expenditure, as well as the occupation and educational level of the head of the household. The findings are discussed in the context of the equity and efficiency of current education provision and financing policies. 相似文献
8.
我国城镇居民家庭义务教育支出差异性研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
本文采用国家统计局“城市住户基本情况的调查”数据对城镇居民家庭义务教育负担状况进行了实证研究，结论表明：有在校生的城镇家庭是一类经济状况处于相对弱势的群体；城镇居民家庭的义务教育负担随着家庭收入的上升而下降，且低收入阶层家庭的教育负担远高于高收入阶层家庭的教育负担；在校生的教育层级越高．家庭教育负担程度越高；在影响我国城镇居民家庭义务教育负担总量和结构的诸多因素中，家庭收入、子女受教育的层级、父母的行业和职业等变量具有显著性影响。为了促进义务教育乃至整个教育的公平，政府应该为义务教育提供更充分的财政支持。并切实完善和实施义务教育资助制度。 相似文献
9.
John Ulimwengu Ousmane Badiane 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(4):399-411
Abstract The paper examines the impact of farmers’ educational attainment on agricultural productivity. More specifically, it evaluates how farmers with vocational training perform compared to those with traditional educational training. A stochastic production frontier and inefficiency effects model is estimated using nationally representative household survey data to analyze the relationship between farmers’ educational attainment and agricultural productivity in Vietnam, while controlling for factors such as gender and farmers’ health status. The results indicate higher returns to vocational training in terms of its impact on raising agricultural productivity, as compared to primary and secondary education. Our findings confirm that significant productivity and welfare gains can be achieved through the promotion of education schemes tailored to the specific technical needs of smallholder or poor farmers. The lack of impact from primary and secondary education signals the need to adjust the curricula of nontraditional educational programmes in rural areas to respond to the technical and other skill needs of farmers. In other words, one general curriculum for everyone may not reap the highest returns to primary and secondary education investment in the context of countries with large farming populations. The originality of the paper resides also in the use of disaggregated education data in terms of formal and non-formal education. In addition, unlike previous studies, the production frontier function and the inefficiency segment are jointly estimated using a one step maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) procedure which guarantees both consistency and efficiency for estimated parameters. 相似文献
10.
Private tutoring is a widespread phenomenon in many developing countries, including Vietnam. Using the Vietnam Living Standards Surveys 1997–1998 and 1992–1993 for analysis, this paper finds evidence that private tutoring in Vietnam is a necessity in the household budget for both primary students and lower secondary students, and the trend to attend private tutoring is stronger at higher education levels. There is no evidence of gender discrimination in expenditure on private tutoring. Ethnic minority students spend less on private tutoring at the primary level but not at the lower secondary level, as do students living in rural areas. However, spending on private tutoring would fall significantly if the qualifications of primary school teachers are increased. Private tutoring is found to have significant impact on a student's academic performance, but the influence is larger for lower secondary students. This paper contributes to the available estimation techniques by extending the simultaneous Tobit model of Amemiya [(1974). Multivariate regression and simultaneous equation models when the dependent variables are truncated normal. Econometrica, 42(6), 999–1012] to a joint Tobit-ordered probit econometric model to address the possible endogeneity of household spending on private tutoring. 相似文献
11.
Valérie Delaunay Bénédicte Gastineau Frédérique Andriamaro 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2013,59(6):669-692
The impact of family status in Madagascar on inequalities in schooling – In this article, in the context of generalised access to primary education and parity between girls and boys, we analyse data from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) 2009 in Madagascar to examine inequalities in schooling related to children’s status in the family. The results confirm the protective benefit for children of living with their biological parents. Fostered children are disadvantaged, especially and increasingly so depending on whether they live with an uncle or aunt, with a distant relative or a non-relative. Conversely, children who reside in the home of a brother or sister are not disadvantaged, a result which reflects the role of elder children in family education strategies. Grandparents play a moderately positive role in schooling. The death of the father is an important factor in dropping out. Finally, children whose parent or parents are not household heads are disadvantaged in terms of schooling compared to children of household heads. 相似文献
12.
Fairness in education is an issue of great concern for China's development. At the same time, household education expenditure is a key factor and objective material embodiment of the educational resources and educational opportunities for Chinese children. Using the data of the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey (CLDS2016), this study analyzes the mechanisms of action in household education expenditure affected by both the educational level and the social class identification of household heads. The empirical results indicate that the Chinese household heads' social class identification is affected positively by their educational level. After controlling for the potential endogeneity, the education expenditure tends to increase as the subjective social class identification of the household heads is promoted. Class identification plays a partial mediating role in the process of the household head's educational level, affecting the household education expenditure. The findings provide important insights for understanding the intergenerational transmission mechanism of cultural capital in China. 相似文献
13.
公共教育的个人支出状况及其家庭负担是公共教育发展指标体系中的重要内容。从义务教育阶段看,家庭在教育上的负担存在城市和县乡村间的地区差异,家庭收入／支出状况、就读教育阶段也会影响家庭负担情况。总体上,城市和县乡村家庭在义务教育阶段的负担均主要来自于校外支出部分,就读的教育阶段越高则教育负担越重。教育负担率从整体上呈现随收入增加而下降的趋势,其中城市地区在家庭教育支出负担量及负担率上均普遍高于县乡村地区。 相似文献
14.
Despite a large literature that investigates the effects of education savings plans on schooling outcomes, much less is known about how parents finance this saving and how it affects other household spending, including spending broadly related to child-rearing. To provide new insights on this issue, this paper estimates the spillover effects of contributions to an education savings plan on household spending and retirement saving behavior in Canada. The analysis uses a cross-sectional, nationally-representative household expenditures survey (N = 28,978) and, in an instrumental variables design, exploits policy-induced variation in education saving resulting from changes in federal matching contributions for low-income and middle-income households. The analysis finds that education saving has little effect on total household expenditures, donations, and home investments, and crowds in retirement saving among households with strictly positive net contributions in both types of saving vehicles. Only out-of-house childcare expenditures decrease as a result of education saving, suggesting that households substitute between educational investments and current spending on other child-rearing commodities. However, the dollar value of this substitution is small. These findings offer new insights into how households finance education saving for their children and suggest that different types of tax-preferred saving vehicles may be complementary rather than substitutes. 相似文献
15.
Amita Chudgar Karyn Miller Brij Kothari 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2012,58(1):73-89
Household engagement in a child??s education is a complex process; depending on the culture and the context, it may be revealed through a variety of behaviours. Using data from one district in rural Gujarat, India, four indicators of a household??s educational engagement were employed to investigate the relationship between household literacy levels and the household??s engagement in the education of its child members. The findings on educational engagement were also compared across households with different wealth and income levels. Uniformly, indicators of household literacy levels were found to be more important in understanding a household??s educational engagement than a household??s wealth and income levels. 相似文献
16.
受文化传统、社会环境以及教育系统自身等诸多因素的影响,学前教育出现了功利化的现象,尤其是学前儿童家庭教育开始表现出功利取向的强劲势头。调查分析表明,德州市学前儿童家庭教育在教育目标、方法、内容和评价等方面同样存在着明显的功利取向,学前儿童家庭教育的现状不容乐观,亟待改变。 相似文献
17.
在家政专业学历教育中,开展多种形式的跨区域互动合作,与家政行业企业加强合作与交流,实行订单培养,是促进家政专业发展的重要保障;学校在开设家政学历教育专业的基础上,开展以社区为依托的家政教育与职业培训,是推动高职家政专业发展的重要举措。 相似文献
18.
This study uses household survey data to estimate determinants of schooling in Uganda, with a model that includes the price of school. Uganda's universal education policy offered free tuition, fees, and supplies to up to four children per family, including two daughters. The empirical method includes an estimation of a child-specific price of schooling. Despite widespread subsidies, the cost of primary school remained an obstacle under this policy, but the effects of price were similar for boys and girls. Regressions by wealth quintile estimate nonlinear effects of wealth and price, suggesting that there are opportunities to expand education through targeted cash transfer and subsidy policies. 相似文献
19.
Despite significant educational expansion, Mexico’s educational attainment rates are relatively low. Though primary school enrollment is at nearly 100%, less than half of young adults ages 18-29 have finished upper secondary school (USE). This article examines how family-level factors, particularly parental education and household wealth, are associated with the likelihood of children dropping out of USE early in Mexico – a shift away from the well-established focus on primary education. Using region fixed effects logistic regressions, I examine the role of both mother’s and father’s education in predicting children’s educational persistence – and how this varies for boys and girls. Data is derived from a nationally representative sample of USE-aged youth in Mexico (n = 8,235). Results indicate that increases in parental education decrease the likelihood of children dropping out in upper secondary school, even when controlling for financial resources and other family- and household-level characteristics. Notably, these results vary across boys and girls. 相似文献
20.
There are thousands of children who remain out of school at both primary and secondary levels in Turkey. The current disparities in access to education in Turkey are mostly driven by systematic regional differences and high gender inequalities. Although several existing studies have paid close attention to gender-based inequities in school access, none of the existing studies have attempted to systematically understand regional differences in schooling. This study therefore intends to address this gap in the literature. Results of the study indicated several key factors, such as gender, household poverty and gender role attitudes, that contributes to the regional inequalities in access to education in Turkey. Based on these findings, suggestions for policy makers and future research were made. 相似文献