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1.
通过表面肌电和高速摄像同步测试方法,揭示我国优秀赛艇运动员拉桨技术环节肌肉用力特征及其相应的运动学变化.结果显示:1)赛艇运动员拉桨时间为0.8s,拉桨至与艇垂直时间占拉桨阶段的70％;2)拉桨环节肌肉活动顺序为股四头肌内侧头、股直肌、腓肠肌、背阔肌、肱二头肌、腹直肌;3)肌肉做功百分比大小顺序为肱二头肌＞股四头肌内侧头＞背阔肌＞股直肌＞腓肠肌＞腹直肌,aEMG值为背阔肌＞股四头肌内侧头＞腓肠肌＞肱二头肌＞股直肌＞腹直肌.提示:运动员拉桨前阶段占有很大的比重;背阔肌、股四头肌内侧头、肱二头肌在拉桨阶段起着重要的作用;运动员除躯干打开稍早外,技术动作比较规范稳定,肌肉用力协调. 相似文献
2.
目的：探讨花样滑冰跳跃动作落冰过程中肌肉的工作特征及相关陆地模仿的训练效果。方法：以我国优秀双人滑男运动员张某为研究对象,利用
Mega ME6000肌电测试仪对其完成后外点冰两周跳、陆地两周跳、凳上跃起动作落地过程支撑腿落地后0.8 s内双侧胫骨前肌、腓肠肌外侧头、股直肌、股二头肌、臀大肌、竖脊肌、腹外斜肌和腹直肌的表面肌电信号进行采集,通过MegaWin2.4对原始数据进行处理分析。结果：完成专项动作时积分面积较大的8块肌肉依次为右侧股二头肌、右侧股直肌、右侧腓肠肌外侧头、左侧股二头肌、右侧胫骨前肌、右侧臀大肌、左侧臀大肌和右侧竖脊肌,多数工作肌的积分肌电峰值出现在落冰后的0.4 s左右;完成专项动作各肌肉积分面积与凳上跃起动作具有较高相关性（r=0.578,P=0.019）,与
陆地两周跳动作不相关;肌肉贡献度较大的肌肉中,专项动作与两种陆地模仿动作相比,支撑腿股二头肌、股直肌和腓肠肌外侧头的平均积分肌电
值明显偏高,积分肌电峰值出现时间不同。结论：完成后外点冰两周跳落冰动作的主要工作肌为支撑腿各肌群、同侧竖脊肌及摆动腿的股二头肌、臀大肌;凳上跃起和陆地两周跳两种陆地模仿练习的肌肉工作特征与专项动作有一定差异,可作为辅助训练手段,但不宜过多采用。 相似文献
3.
通过表面肌电遥测手段获得篮球运动员原地跳投过程的肌肉用力特征,发现在起跳环节中起主要作用的肌肉有右侧股直肌、右侧股二头肌、右侧腹直肌、右侧竖脊肌;起跳环节中对照组队员股二头肌力量放电情况较小,这可能是造成其起跳效果较差的原因之一;对照组队员腹肌力量较差可能是造成其腾空阶段躯干稳定性较差,投篮命中率不高的原因之一. 相似文献
4.
研究目的：对长拳、太极拳冲拳动作进行肌电实验,分析长拳、太极拳完成冲拳动作时所调动的肌肉及其iemg值,得出在研究对象本身无差异情况下,不同拳术冲拳的发力对肌肉的调动情况。研究方法：在肌电实验中,以固定个体为研究对象,通过运用美国noraxon生产的t6无线导遥测肌电对练习长拳、太极拳冲拳时的上下肢肌肉表面肌电特征进行分析。研究结果：长拳冲拳过程中,肌肉活动顺序为腹直肌、三角肌前束、股内侧肌、股直肌、腹外斜肌、股外侧肌、股四头肌、肱三头肌、肱桡肌、竖脊肌;积分肌电显示在长拳冲拳阶段三角肌前束、肱桡肌的积分肌电最高;在整个长拳冲拳过程中,腹外斜肌的肌肉贡献率最大。太极拳冲拳过程中,肌肉活动顺序为肱桡肌、腹外斜肌、股内侧肌、竖脊肌、三角肌前束、腹直肌、股外侧肌、肱三头肌、腹直肌、股四头肌;积分肌电显示在太极拳冲拳阶段肱桡肌、股内侧肌的积分肌电最高;在整个太极拳冲拳过程中,腹内斜肌的机头贡献率最大。研究结论：长拳冲拳过程中,受试者较好完成技术动作,腹直肌首先放电,肌肉力量的发放大部分来源于肱桡肌、三角肌前束和肱三头肌,集中于上肢腰部和手臂。太极拳冲拳过程中,受试者未能掌握技术动作,肌肉发力顺序不符合太极拳冲拳技术要求。 相似文献
5.
我国优秀男子拳击运动员后手直拳击打环节相关肌群的EMG特征及其运动学分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:研究我国优秀男子拳击运动员后手直拳出拳击打环节相关肌群的sEMG特征及其相应的运动学变化,为拳击专项力量训练提供参考.方法:通过表面肌电和三维红外高速摄像系统同步测试方法,采集6名高水平男子拳击运动员后手直拳出拳击打环节表面肌电和运动学的相关数据.结果:1)出拳击打环节,肌肉活动顺序为:腓肠肌→股二头肌→三角肌前束→肱三头肌→肱二头肌长头→肱桡肌.2)击打过程中三角肌前束、肱二头肌和肱三头肌肉在相应时间位置上出现明显的预激活和共收缩现象.3)肌肉做功百分比排序为:三角肌前束＞肱三头肌＞股二头肌＞腓肠肌＞肱桡肌＞肱二头肌长头,aEMG计算结果与肌肉做功百分比保持相一致的趋势.4)肩关节、上臂环节质心和拳心速度的峰值在击打过程中呈现次序性.结论:拳击后直拳出拳击打环节所选肌肉活动呈现从下肢向上肢激活的次序性.击打过程中三角肌前束、肱二头肌和肱三头肌肉在相应时间位置上出现的预激活和共收缩现象可能是反映运动员技术水平和特点的指标.在肌肉做功百分比和aEMG方面,三角肌前束、肱三头肌和股二头肌在动作过程中表现出相对重要的地位.上肢相关肌群的活动次序与肩关节、上臂环节质心和拳心速度变化的时序性有着合理的解剖学相关,是产生上肢开放链鞭打动作的根本原因. 相似文献
6.
我国高水平女子铁饼运动员掷铁饼肌肉用力特征的分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
运用摄像和肌电图同步测试手段,对我国现役4名高水平女子铁饼运动员完整投掷过程中,参与动作主要的8块肌肉的表面肌电图(sEMG)进行测试和分析.结果表明,她们所测试的肌肉表现出不同的sEMG活动变化特征,孙太凤、宋爱民的肌肉活动具有一定的变化节奏,李艳凤和潘赛丽则表现出部分肌肉持续用力的时间较长.肌肉表现出活动与主动用力程度大小顺序为:右腿股二头肌、左腿股内侧肌、右腿股内侧肌、左腿股二头肌、左侧竖脊肌、右侧竖脊肌、右侧腹外斜肌和左侧腹外斜肌.股二头肌与股内侧肌主要的用力肌肉群,主要在最后用力阶段.腹外斜肌的活动程度最小. 相似文献
7.
我国部分优秀男子跳远运动员起跳环节肌肉用力特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过表面肌电遥测和高速摄影同步测试,揭示优秀跳远运动员起跳环节肌肉用力特征.结果显示:在起跳环节中,股外侧肌、股内侧肌、股二头肌、比目鱼肌、腓肠肌是起跳腿的主要用力肌肉;在起跳腿即将着地前,所测肌肉均有较明显的预激活现象;着地后,肌肉用力的激活顺序依次为胫骨前肌、股二头肌与股内侧肌、股外侧肌、比目鱼肌、腓肠肌内侧头、股直肌、臀大肌;肌肉用力的失活顺序依次为胫骨前肌、股直肌、股内侧肌、股外侧肌、臀大肌、腓肠肌、股二头肌、比目鱼肌;肌肉用力持续时间长短依次为股二头肌、比目鱼肌、股外侧肌、腓肠肌内侧头和股内侧肌、臀大肌、股直肌、胫骨前肌.起跳腿拮抗肌共同收缩的特征为:缓冲阶段踝关节拮抗肌共同收缩最强烈,而在蹬伸阶段膝关节拮抗肌共同收缩最强烈. 相似文献
8.
目的：分析运动员在起跳、腾空、落木3个阶段各肌肉的肌电特征与肌电参数，为体操运动员技术诊断和教练员合理安排训练提供科学依据。方法：采用数理统计、实验测试等方法，借助NORAXON UItium EMG表面肌电采集分析系统等实验仪器对5名体操运动员完成交换腿结环跳动作主要发力肌肉的表面肌电特征进行分析。结果：(1)在起跳阶段左股二头肌、2侧三角肌、右股直肌和左腓肠肌的iEMG值较大、贡献率较高，是主要的做功肌群，2侧三角肌、肱桡肌用力均衡(P>0.05);(2)腾空阶段右股二头肌、右腓肠肌、左股直肌和左腓肠肌对维持空中姿势与身体稳定贡献比重较大(P<0.05),腿部肌群在此阶段占据主导作用；(3)在落木阶段左右三角肌的贡献率分别达到21.38%、20.63%,远高于其它肌群是主要的做功肌肉。结论：在交换腿结环跳过程中三角肌表现出极高的协调性，是维持运动员身体姿势平衡的重要因素，加强手臂肌群的力量和协调性练习，有助于运动员落木平稳和动作之间的连接。 相似文献
9.
以内蒙古女子拳击运动员为研究对象,利用遥测表面肌电仪记录运动员各种出拳技术过程中相关肌肉的电活动,建立运动员不同出拳技术时肌电特征模型,结果发现:在拳击的各种出拳技术动作中,主动肌的积分肌电百分比要显著高于拮抗肌,拮抗肌能够积极参与到出拳技术动作中;在后手直拳技术动作中,肱三头肌和三角肌前束的电活动最活跃,分别为15.7％和18.0％;在勾拳技术动作中,肱二头肌、三角肌前束、背阔肌电活动较强,分别为15％、14％和17.4％;在后手摆拳技术动作中,三角肌外侧束的做功百分比最高为16.7％,其次为肱二头肌13.6％、腹直肌13.7％、背阔肌14.3％.鉴于不同出拳技术动作的不同,各块肌肉工作表现出不同的工作特征. 相似文献
10.
11.
John Pyecha 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):425-431
Abstract The effects of physical education courses in judo I, judo II, handball, badminton, basketball, and volleyball on certain personality traits of male freshmen at the University of North Carolina were compared. Subjects used were randomly selected from a student population meeting prespecified constraints and assigned to the Experimental (judo I and judo II, N = 73), Control 1 (handball and volleyball, N = 34), and Control 2 (badminton and basketball, N = 42) Groups. Personality trait measures on all subjects were obtained through repeated administrations of Cattell's Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, 1962 Edition of Form A; i.e., pretreatment, 8-week, and 16-week measures. Using pretreatment measures as covariates, analysis of variance techniques indicated that the judo experimental group became more warmhearted, easygoing, and participating than did either of the control groups. 相似文献
12.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(6):599-604
AbstractThis experiment tested whether the conformism observed among panels of judges in aesthetic sports also occurs among judges in judo. Similar to aesthetic sports, judo judging relies upon a form of open feedback. However, in judo, this system is reactive (i.e. two judges have to publicly ‘correct’ the score given by the higher-status referee), whereas it is active in aesthetic sports (i.e. judges with equal status report their score simultaneously and can use the feedback about the scores of their colleagues for evaluating later performances). In order to test whether such reactive open-feedback system leads to conformism among judges in judo, we designed an experiment in which this feedback was manipulated. Participants were 20 certified Flemish judges, who had to score two sets of 11 ambiguous video sequences that are used during formation and training of judo judges: one set with feedback about the referee's score and one set without feedback. The results revealed that when participants knew the referee's score, their scores were significantly more in line with this score than when they did not know this score. More specifically, for both sets of sequences at least 10% less deviations from the referee were observed when participants were given feedback about the score of the referee. These results suggest that preventable conformism can occur in typical judo judging, that is with reactive open feedback. 相似文献
13.
The aim of this study was to examine hypotheses derived from Jones and Berglas's (1978) self-handicapping model. It was hypothesized that individuals using many self-handicaps would use more internal attributions and report greater gains in perceived judo ability following success than individuals using few self-handicaps. In addition, it was hypothesized that individuals using many self-handicaps would use more external attributions and report less reduction in perceived judo ability following failure. Fifty-three judo players completed measures of trait self-handicapping, situational self-handicapping and a measure of perceived judo ability before competition. Following competition, the participants completed the Causal Dimension Scale II and the measure of perceived judo ability for a second time. Analyses of variance revealed that high self-handicappers attributed failure to more external factors than low self-handicappers. It was also found that high self-handicappers reported less of a reduction in perceived judo ability following failure than low self-handicappers. The findings therefore provide support for the potential short-term benefits of self-handicapping in sport, although further research is required to examine the long-term implications of using self-handicaps. 相似文献
14.
主动肌和拮抗肌功能转变瞬间的肌电平均功率频率变化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
目的:通过对主动肌和拮抗肌功能转变瞬间肌电平均功率频率的观察,探讨中枢控制因素在决定MPF变化中的独立性作用.方法:10名健康男性志愿者在完成60%MVC强度的疲劳性等长屈肘运动负荷试验后,瞬间转变肌肉工作性质,完成60%MVC强度的疲劳性等长伸肘运动,分别记录肱二头肌和肱三头肌的sEMG信号,观察两次疲劳试验以及瞬间转变过程中肌电MPF等sENG指标变化.结果:等长屈肘和等长伸肘快速转变的瞬间,主动肌和拮抗肌MPF等各项sEMG信号分析指标均发生了显著性改变,表现出明显的跃变现象;无论是转变之前,还是转变之后的等长疲劳试验过程中,主动肌与拮抗肌的MPF、C(n)和%DEF均表现出类似的变化规律,而拮抗肌AEMG则维持相对恒定.结论:中枢运动控制是导致疲劳过程中MPF单调递减变化的独立性作用因素,其可能的作用机制是CNS将主动肌与拮抗肌作为一组控制肌群实施同步控制. 相似文献
15.
Miarka B Panissa VL Julio UF Del Vecchio FB Calmet M Franchini E 《Journal of sports sciences》2012,30(9):899-905
The aim of this study was to compare time-motion indicators during judo matches performed by athletes from different age groups. The following age groups were analysed: Pre-Juvenile (13-14 years, n = 522), Juvenile (15-16 years, n = 353); Junior (19 years, n = 349) and Senior (>20 years, n = 587). The time-motion indicators included: Total Combat Time, Standing Combat Time, Displacement Without Contact, Gripping Time, Groundwork Combat Time and Pause Time. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) one-way and the Tukey test, as well as the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney (for non-parametric data), were conducted, using P < 0.05 as significance level. The results showed that all analysed groups obtained a median of 7 (first quantile - 3, third quantile - 12) sequences of combat/pause cycles. In total time of combat, the result was: for Total Combat Time, Standing Combat Time and Gripping Time: Pre-Juvenile and Senior were significantly longer than Juvenile and Junior. Considering Displacement Without Contact, Junior was significantly longer than all other age groups. For Groundwork Combat Time, Senior was significantly longer than all other age groups and Pre-Juvenile was longer than Junior. These results can be used to improve the physiological performance in intermittent practices, as well as technical-tactical training during judo sessions. 相似文献
16.
Takanori Ishii Michiyoshi Ae Yuta Suzuki Yasuto Kobayashi 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2018,17(2):238-250
This study sought to identify biomechanical factors that determine fast and skilful execution of the seoi-nage (shoulder throw) technique by comparing kinematics between elite and college judo athletes. Three-dimensional motion data were captured using a VICON-MX system with 18 cameras operating at 250 Hz as three male elite and seven male college judo athletes performed seoi-nage. No significant difference was found in motion phase time of the turning phase between the two groups, indicating that motion phase time is not necessarily a factor contributing quickness in seoi-nage. The maximum relative velocity of the whole body centre of mass along the anterior–posterior direction was significantly greater in the elite athletes (2.74 ± 0.33 m/s) than in the college athletes (1.62 ± 0.47 m/s) during the turning phase (p = 0.023). The overall angular velocity of the body part lines, particularly the arm line, tended to be greater in the elite athletes (p = 0.068). The results imply that the velocity of the thrower relative to the opponent in the forward drive and turning motion reflects high skill seoi-nage. Coaches should recognise the relative forward velocity as a factor that may contribute to a successful seoi-nage when teaching the judo throw technique. 相似文献
17.
随着我国基础教育的改革,教育部对《体育与健康课程》的重视程度越来越高。体育课程作为学校课程的重要组成部分,在体育课程的改革下,体育课不仅是提高学生的身心发展健康,发展学生运动技能学习为基础,在这基础上,增加了学生的素质教育、培养学生的安全意识,且每个学生都要学会一到两项的终身体育锻炼的项目。本文采用文献资料法等方法,对柔道的特点进行分析,结合校园体育,阐述柔道进入中小学校园的重要性,为促进柔道校园中国行提供参考建议。 相似文献
18.
文章主要就山西省参加十一运会柔道队的重点运动员预赛前两次高原训练,以生理机能测试,身体本体感觉的问卷及运动能力的变化为依据,进行探讨柔道运动员高原训练机能变化的规律。 相似文献
19.
优秀女子柔道运动员运动损伤的现状调查及对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用专家访谈、问卷调查法等方法,对中国女子柔道集训队的优秀女子柔道运动员的损伤部位、损伤性质、损伤的时间、创伤对训练的影响及损伤特点等进行全面的调查研究,详细分析探讨其致伤原因,并在此基础上提出预防运动损伤的有效的训练学对策。 相似文献
20.
不同齿轮比训练时自行车运动员肌电图的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
探讨利用sEMG对自行车运动员运动肌组织进行监测与机能分析的可行性。方法:8名自行车运动员进行42/15、52/12与52/15齿轮比练习台骑行测试,采用芬兰Muscle Tester ME3000P8肌电图仪与MegaWin软件系统记录分析运动时的sEMG值。结果表明:同侧同部位肌组织不同齿轮比练习时IEMG/s值不同,除小腿三头肌(P<0.05)外,各部位IEMG/s组间无显著差异;相同训练条件下同部位肌组织左右腿IEMG/s个体差异明显,提示sEMG能够直观反映动力性运动中肌肉的收缩活动,不同齿轮比骑行对下肢不同部位骨骼肌刺激不同。建议:训练监控中,sEMG适合应用于运动员个体的纵向比较。 相似文献