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1.
The present investigation is concerned with the effects of thermal-diffusion and diffusion-thermo on an unsteady MHD free convection boundary layer flow with heat and mass transfer of an electrically conducting fluid over a stretching sheet in the presence of strong magnetic field with Hall current, thermal stratification, chemical reaction, heat generation, thermal radiation, Joule heating and viscous dissipation. The transformed nonlinear boundary layer equations are numerically solved by applying Keller-box method. The influence of various embedded flow parameters on the local skin friction, the local Nusselt number and the local Sherwood number has been carefully analyzed through graphs. It is found that the shear stress and the rate of mass transfer increase with an increasing of current density Jh while the reverse trend is observed on the rate of heat transfer. It is also found that the shear stress and the rate of heat transfer increase with an increasing of Sr , whereas the reverse trend is observed on the rate of mass transfer. Further, the shear stress and the rate of mass transfer increase with an increasing of Du while the reverse trend is seen on the rate of heat transfer. The numerical results are compared and found to be in good agreement with previously published results under special cases. 相似文献
2.
Walton E. Williamson 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1976,302(4):379-380
The paper describes methods of carrying out the minimum weight design of finned surfaces of various types. For each type of surface (flat, cylindrical, etc.) two cases are considered. First, a method is described by which it is possible to obtain the optimum surface profile of fins required to dissipate a certain amount of heat from the given surface, there being no restriction on the fin height. This analysis is then extended for the case when the fin height is given. The solutions are presented for a number of cases and the results are discussed to illustrate the importance of various parameters in the design. 相似文献
3.
本实验以水为工质，对截面尺寸为0.4mm×0.4mm水平布置的不锈钢矩形微槽内流动沸腾进行换热特性和可视化研究.质量流速范围为G＝62.5～187.5kg/m2s，进口温度分别为Tin＝30、45、 60°C.实验结果表明，在较低干度下，换热系数随着干度的增加而增加；干度较大时，换热系数保持不变直至换热恶化.质量流速的增加使换热系数有较大增加，进口温度的变化对换热系数几乎没有影响.可视化研究发现低壁面过热度时，有大量气泡产生；在本实验范围内，微槽内沸腾的流型主要有塞状流和环状流两种. 相似文献
4.
Thermodynamic systems with variable mass, like liquid/vapor equilibria and chemical reactions, are represented as networks having discrete elements and connections using bond graph symbols. The mass bond has special properties which are explained by entropy and volume stripping and indicate the reason why the derivative of the free enthalpy, not the internal energy, is the driving effort of chemical reactions. Chemical friction is represented by RS-fields that dissipate power which is different from the observed heat rate of chemical reactions. Different reticulations apply to reactions near and far from chemical equilibrium; their relation to experimental reaction kinetics and order of reaction is discussed. 相似文献
5.
关键部件湿化器性能的分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
建立了传热、传质微分方程以及能量、质量守衡方程,利用实验研究给出的传热与传质系数的经验关联式,沿湿化器高度积分,得到各参数及湿化器内传热传质推动力 焓差沿湿化器高度的变化,计算分析了湿化器的设计工况性能和变工况性能,为湿化器的设计和开发提供了理论依据 相似文献
6.
Mohamed A. Gadalla 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2007,344(5):725-740
This paper presents a dynamic model to simulate the adsorption-desorption processes associated with intermittent heat pump systems. This simulation plays an important role in sizing the adsorption systems for various types of applications in the design stage. A mathematical model that is based on the control volume approach was first developed and then discretized using the finite difference implicit scheme. The equations for the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy in the bed were derived for high-pressure and low-pressure segments, including the adsorbate (refrigerant), the adsorbent (Linde 13X), and the vessel wall. A pseudo-homogeneous model for the compression system was adopted. The numerical results that describe the adsorption-desorption history were obtained. It was found that the amount of the refrigerant recovered in the desorption process at the end of the cyclic operation is smaller than the amount adsorbed during the adsorption process. This indicates that the time for the regeneration process should be longer than the time for the adsorption process in order to raise the sieve temperature. In order to compare the simulated results with experimental data, numerical values for the heat transfer coefficients were theoretically evaluated. To assure the stability of the simulated results, the incremental time of system operation is kept equal or less than the value obtained from the minimum stability requirement. The simulated results of the temperature distribution history during system operation are in good agreement with the conducted experimental results, which led to the conclusion that the model can be used as an effective tool during the design stage and for the system development. 相似文献
7.
建立了单个液滴在高频感应热等离子体中内部传热传质的数学模型,考虑了希尔球形涡的影响,模拟了液滴在不同入射尺寸下的内部传热传质变化过程。结果表明,随着液滴入射尺寸的增大,液滴表面溶质质量分数到达饱和状态所需时间缩短,且其内部环流的对流作用占主导因素,使得溶质在液滴表面集中,易形成浓度集中的表面薄层。 相似文献
8.
Tunable luminescent materials are becoming more and more important owing to their broad application potential in various fields. Here we construct a pillar[5]arene-based hybrid material with stimuli-responsive luminescent properties and ion-sensing abilities from a pyridine-modified conjugated pillar[5]arene and a planar chromophore oligo(phenylenevinylene) upon coordination of Cd (II) metal cores. This new material not only shows an optimized luminescence due to the minimized π–π stacking and efficient charge transfer properties benefitting from the existence of pillar[5]arene rings, but also exhibits tunable multicolor emission induced by different external stimuli including solvent, ions and acid, indicating great application potential as a fluorescent sensory material, especially for Fe3+. With this pillar[5]arene-based dual-ligand hybrid material, valid optimization and regulation on the fluorescence of the original chromophore have been achieved, which demonstrates a plausible strategy for the design of tunable solid-state luminescent materials and also a prototypical model for the effective regulation of fluorescent properties of planar π systems using synthetic macrocycle-based building blocks. 相似文献
9.
The present study concentrates to make a complete thermal analysis on a rectangular fin with its primary surface by taking into consideration of radiation heat exchange with the surrounding along with the convective mode of heat transfer. The one side of the primary surface is heated by a fluid with high temperature which may be required to dissipate heat quickly by a fin array system. To analyze an actual case study, the thermal conductivity of the fin material and convective heat transfer coefficient over the surface are treated as a variable and they are as a function of the local fin surface temperature. With the aforementioned condition, the energy equations for both the fin and primary surface become nonlinear. The decomposition method is suggested to solve these highly nonlinear equations to obtain a closed form temperature distribution. The result of temperature distribution determined by the present analysis is compared with that of the numerical values. With the adaptation of the simplified case, the present method is also compared with the exactly closed form results. From both of these comparisons, an exact matching of results is found. The fin performances, namely, fin efficiency, surface efficiency and augmentation factor are evaluated for a wide range of thermogeometric parameters. 相似文献
10.
James H. Wiegand 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1947,244(4):291-308
Erosion in vent plugs is studied in a 37 mm. Gun which has been cut off at the end of the chamber. Plugs with vent diameters from 0.04 to 0.63 inches and vent lengths from one to four inches are held in the position normally occupied by the projectile. The weight losses due to erosion are in fair agreement with values calculated from heat transfer theory, assuming melting of the surface, for charges of propellant powder above a minimum value. The weight loss due to melting increases as the weight of charge, the web thickness, the length of the vent, and the gas temperature are increased, and decreases as the vent diameter and the melting point of the metal are increased. The minimum charge to produce melting increases rapidly with increases in vent diameter, but the maximum pressure corresponding to this charge increases only slightly. For charges below this minimum, the erosion is shown to be of a chemical nature by the significant decrease due to the elimination of sulphur from the black powder primer. 相似文献
11.
This paper provides the closed form analytical solution to the problem of minimizing the material volume required to support a given set of bending loads with a given number of discrete structural members, subject to material yield constraints. The solution is expressed in terms of two variables, the aspect ratio, ρ-1, and complexity of the structure, q (the total number of members of the structure is equal to q(q+1)). The minimal material volume (normalized) is also given in closed form by a simple function of ρ and q, namely, V=q(ρ-1/q-ρ1/q). The forces for this nonlinear problem are shown to satisfy a linear recursive equation, from node-to-node of the structure. All member lengths are specified by a linear recursive equation, dependent only on the initial conditions involving a user specified length of the structure. The final optimal design is a class 2 tensegrity structure. Our results generate the 1904 results of Michell in the special case when the selected complexity q approaches infinity. Providing the optimum in terms of a given complexity has the obvious advantage of relating complexity q to other criteria, such as costs, fabrication issues, and control. If the structure is manufactured with perfect joints (no glue, welding material, etc.), the minimal mass complexity is infinite. But in the presence of any joint mass, the optimal structural complexity is finite, and indeed quite small. Hence, only simple structures (low complexity q) are needed for practical design. 相似文献
12.
A microfabricated calorimeter (μ-calorimeter) with an enclosed reaction chamber is presented. The 3D micromachined reaction chamber is capable of analyzing liquid samples with volume of 200 nl. The thin film low-stress silicon nitride membrane is used to reduce thermal mass of the calorimeter and increase the sensitivity of system. The μ-calorimeter has been designed to perform DC and AC calorimetry, thermal wave analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The μ-calorimeter fabricated with an integrated heater and a temperature sensor on opposite sides of the reaction chamber allows to perform thermal diffusivity and specific heat measurements on liquid samples with same device. Measurement results for diffusivity and heat capacitance using time delay method and thermal wave analysis are presented. 相似文献
13.
环形容器内双扩散对流的数值模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过数值模拟 ,研究了温度和浓度梯度为水平方向、内壁和外壁上的温度和浓度保持定值的竖直环形容器内的双扩散对流结构 ,其中浮升力之比N =GrS GrT=- 1 ,GrS 和GrT 分别为溶质格拉晓夫数和热格拉晓夫数 .首先对环形容器与矩形容器内的双扩散对流状况进行了比较 ;然后着重分析了在双扩散对流情况下竖直环形容器内壁面处的热 (溶质 )边界层以及平均传热 (质 )率Nu(Sh)随Le数的变化情况 .结果表明 ,溶质边界层的厚度随着Le数的增大逐渐减小 ,而热边界层随Le数的变化不大 ;与Sh数一直随Le数的增大呈明显的上升趋势不同 ,当Le>1 0后Nu数随Le数的变化趋于平缓 相似文献
14.
一维光子晶体传输矩阵法的分析改进 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了更准确地分析一维光子晶体的光子禁带特性和研究改善光子晶体性能的方法,通过在传输矩阵法的推导过程中加入了多重反射的概念和修正了传输矩阵的相位项,改进了用传输矩阵分析一维光子晶体禁带特性的方法,提高了计算精确度,结合理论仿真数据与实验测量值的对比证明了该改进算法的有效性,尤其是在非垂直入射的情况下,改进算法与实验数据符合良好。另外还探讨了组成光子晶体膜层的高低折射率介质的折射率比值,光学厚度,周期数等参数对光子禁带特性的影响,并提出了通过选用合适的光学厚度和周期数,采用新型材料,引入多缺陷态结构等改进一维光子晶体禁带特性的初步设想。 相似文献
15.
借鉴资源分布的原理,本文提出知识分布的概念,据此构建了知识分布概念模型,并具体分析了知识分布对企业知识转移的影响机理,包括知识分布载体自身、相互关系以及知识分布载体数目和层次对知识转移的影响。研究认为各个知识载体中的知识形态影响并决定了组织内知识转移的方式;一个组织中知识分布的聚集度与知识转移的效率紧密相关;载体间相互关系极大地影响了知识转移的效果和满意度;知识分布个体之间的密切性在一定程度上影响了知识传播者的主动性以及在知识转移过程中双方合作的效果;知识分布载体的数目与层次影响发生知识转移的范围,进而影响知识转移的效率。 相似文献
16.
The transport of thermal energy in thermodynamics is described as the product of entropy flow and of the absolute temperature, in analogy to the volume flow and pressure in oil hydraulics and to electric charge flow (= current) and voltage in electronics. Bond graphs are shown to be especially suitable to describe the splitting of applied thermal energy into internal energy and external mechanical work. Transformers and the 0- and 1-junctions of Paynter can illustrate various entropy flow processes, including Carnot engines and heat exchangers. Entropy flow in heat conduction is distinguished from entropy convection, or transport by moving mass, where the entropy/temperature characteristic or equation of state is important. Irreversibilities are represented by impedance transformers reducing temperature and increasing entropy flow but conserving power. 相似文献
17.
18.
基于传输函数的信号流图模拟,一种新的具有最少元件 Ｏ Ｔ Ａ电容滤波器结构被提出⒚任何种类任何阶电压传输函数均可由该结构实现,设计公式简单⒚文中设计了各种二阶滤波器,分析了这种实现的电压传输函数的灵敏度,给出了三阶椭圆低通滤波器设计实例及计算机仿真结果⒚ 相似文献
19.
The usual use of fractals involves self-similar geometrical objects to fill a space, where the self-similar iterations may continue ad infinitum. This is the first paper to propose the use of self-similar mechanical objects that fill an alloted space, while achieving an invariance property as the self-similar iterations continue (e.g. invariant strength). Moreover, for compressive loads, this paper shows how to achieve minimal mass and invariant strength from self-similar structures. The topology optimization procedure uses self-similar iteration until minimal mass is achieved, and this problem is completely solved, with global optimal solutions given in closed form. The optimal topology remains independent of the magnitude of the load. Mass is minimized subject to yield and/or buckling constraints. Formulas are also given to optimize the complexity of the structure, and the optimal complexity turns out to be finite. That is, a continuum is never the optimal structural for a compressive load under any constraints on the physical dimension (diameter). After each additional self-similar iteration, the number of bars and strings increase, but, for a certain choice of unit topology shown, the total mass of bars and strings decreases. For certain structures, the string mass monotonically increases with iteration, while the bar mass monotonically reduces, leading to minimal total mass in a finite number of iterations, and hence a finite optimal complexity for the structure. The number of iterations required to achieve minimal mass is given explicitly in closed form by a formula relating the chosen unit geometry and the material properties. It runs out that the optimal structures produced by our theory fall in the category of structures we call tensegrity. Hence our self-similar algorithms can generate tensegrity fractals. 相似文献
20.
利用高温相变材料储热，同时用重力热管作为能量传输元件这一高效偶合装置在生产和生活中有广阔的应用前景。本文在实验基础上建立一个考虑自然对流影响的相变传热与热管传热相偶合的传热模型，并对该模型进行数值计算，通过与实验结果进行的对比，证实所建立的模型与所采用的计算方法均是合理可行的。 相似文献