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1.
为控制农业碳排放,增强农业绿色发展能力,需要准确核算农业碳排放量,探究农业碳排放与农业增长的关系,分析碳排放与农业增长脱钩状态,找出驱动因素。本文以我国最大的绿色农产品生产基地黑龙江省为例,在科学核算农业生产碳排放量基础上,利用Tapio脱钩模型分析碳排放与农业增长的脱钩状态和发展趋势,并结合LMDI模型分析碳排放的驱动因素。结果表明：2008-2017年黑龙江省农业碳排放总量年均增长3.27%,但其年际增速在快速下降,化肥是最大的碳排放源,平均占比高达73.91%,全省碳排放强度呈先增后降趋势,2016年以后全省农业碳排放量与种农业总产值之间开始呈现出强脱钩态势。在各驱动因素中,农业产值是影响碳排放强度的主体原因,累计推动碳排放增加738.25万t,而农业生产效率是抑制碳排放的主要动力,累计促进碳减排603.75万t。因此控制农业生产碳排放量是实现我国农业供给侧结构性改革、提质增效的重要手段。 相似文献
2.
以1995～2014年农业能源消耗为基础数据,利用碳排放估算公式对我国农地资源利用的碳排放规模、强度和结构进行测算。基于改进的Kaya等式与LMDI分解法,结合计量模型,对碳排放驱动因素进行实证分析。结果表明：我国农业碳排放量逐年增加,1995年为3882.8293万吨,2014年达到8385.9491万吨,年均增长4.15％。农药、化肥等所产生的碳排放量随着经济增长和农业生产方式的转变都出现了不同程度的增长。农业人均碳排放总量、单位耕地面积碳排放量不断递增。化肥、农药、农膜和农用柴油与农业碳排放量之间存在长期的稳定均衡关系。 相似文献
3.
在测算2000-2011年新疆碳排放总量的基础上,从近似关系和脱钩关系两个角度刻画能源消费、碳排放量经济增长之间的关系。从近似关系来看,能源消费与碳排放的总量变动趋势近似,能源与碳排放强度的变动趋势近似;在脱钩关系方面,碳排放与经济增长、能源消费与经济增长的脱钩弹性指数类型在同年份表现完全一致,且在多数年份指向弱脱钩状态,未来一定时期弱脱钩发展趋势可能仍将持续。最后,提出优化能源结构、调整产业结构以及开发节能技术等对策。 相似文献
4.
运用1995—2012年的统计数据,采用IPCC(2006)测算方法估计江西省能源碳排放总量,通过构建能源碳排放与经济增长的脱钩指数模型实证分析江西省能源碳排放与经济增长之间的脱钩关系。研究结果表明,江西省能源碳排放与经济增长存在不稳定的脱钩状态,强脱钩、弱脱钩、扩张负脱钩等状态交替出现,在此基础上,进一步分析江西能源碳排放与经济增长脱钩状态变化的原因并对江西发展低碳经济提出相应的建议。 相似文献
5.
在王铮等（2010）气候保护经济政策模拟系统的基础上,考虑全球温度变化的不确定性,模拟研究了既适合全球的减排行动又符合我国国情的减排方案。研究以至2050年将大气温室气体浓度稳定在450ppm二氧化碳当量以内、至2100年全球温度上升控制在2℃以内为前提,首先模拟了哥本哈根协议下全球减排方案的效果;然后针对中国和其他地区不同的总量减排情景展开经济政策模拟;最后在全球温度变化不确定性背景下,比较分析了总量减排方案对我国的影响。研究发现：从短时期来看,总量减排行动将会给我国带来损失,但从长时期来看,适时适量展开总量减排将有利于我国经济持续发展。在全球温度上升不确定的条件下,较优的全球总量减排方案为：至2050年发达国家碳排放量比1990年减少80%;前苏联地区比1990年减少50%;中国与其他地区从2025年开始总量减排,至2050年中国碳排放量比2005年减少28%,其他地区比2005年减少20%。 相似文献
6.
中国低碳试点省份经济增长与碳排放关系研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
应对全球气候变化,减少二氧化碳为主的温室气体排放是当前可持续发展的热点。目前中国已成为全世界最大的二氧化碳排放国,如何在保持经济稳定增长的同时降低碳排放是中国面临的严峻挑战。本文以中国国家发展和改革委员会公布的首批低碳试点省份:陕西、广东、辽宁、湖北、云南5省为研究对象,基于IPCC国家温室气体排放清单编制指南核算5省份1995年-2008年能源消费产生的二氧化碳排放,并通过经济增长与二氧化碳排放关系的脱钩分析,探讨5个省份1995年-2008年经济增长与碳排放变化的相关关系。研究显示,5个省份在1995年-2008年间经济快速增长的同时碳排放迅速增加,经济增长与碳排放均呈现"弱脱钩"态势;预计伴随经济进一步增长,碳排放在未来很长一段时间内仍将呈增长趋势;如何实现碳排放总量减排而又达到经济增长与碳排放的"绝对脱钩",是中国低碳经济战略的首要难题。 相似文献
7.
中国经济增长与能源碳排放的脱钩研究 总被引：17，自引：6，他引：11
经济增长与能源碳排放之间的关系一直是学术界关注的焦点。文章通过构建经济与能源碳排放脱钩分析模型,探讨我国经济增长与能源碳排放的脱钩关系及程度,分析二者脱钩发展的时间和空间演变趋势。分析表明:①全国层面上,1980年-2008年期间除2000年-2005年为扩张性负脱钩外,其余时期经济与能源碳排放均呈现弱脱钩状态,脱钩程度随宏观经济形势和政策调控变化波动较大,与实现强脱钩还有一定差距,未来一定时期内弱脱钩发展趋势仍将持续;②地区层面上,2000年-2008年期间各省域主要表现为弱脱钩和扩张性负脱钩两种状态,其中2000年-2005年全国有13个省份落在弱脱钩区域,2005年-2008年除青海省外的29个省份均落在弱脱钩区域;大部分地区后期较前期脱钩更为显著,并呈现出地区脱钩程度差距逐渐缩小的趋势;③2000年-2005年经济与碳排放脱钩空间格局较为分散,脱钩显著区域大致分布在东部地区,脱钩程度区域差异较大;2005年-2008年脱钩显著区域呈现空间集聚态势,主要集中在华北、华东和华中地区,区域差异明显缩小;④中间变量分析表明无论是全国层面还是地区层面上,经济增长与能源碳排放脱钩主要由经济与能源消费脱钩造成;我国总体碳减排技术水平较低,区域差异不明显,技术发展相对滞后,对经济与碳排放脱钩贡献有限。据此,未来脱钩发展措施重点方向为在进一步推广节能技术、推动产业升级的基础上,着力加强发展碳减排技术,同时逐步改善能源结构。 相似文献
8.
中国省域农业碳排放:测算、效率变动及影响因素研究——基于DEA-Malmquist指数分解方法与Tobit模型运用 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
本文将农业碳排放纳入到农业经济核算体系之中,构建含有期望产出与非期望产出的DEA-Malmquist效率指数,在系统测算农业碳排放的基础上,对2000-2011年中国31个省(市、区)的农业碳排放效率变动趋势进行了测度,并分析了农业Malmquist碳排放效率指数及其分解指数的省域差异及变动趋势。结果表明:①农业碳排放效率变动存在省域差异,内蒙古、北京、黑龙江、吉林等24省区农业碳排放效率处于提升状态,其余7省区呈下降趋势;②三大地区农业碳排放效率指数的主要贡献因素存在较大差异,东部地区主要源自技术进步的推动且农业碳排放效率不断改善;中、西部地区主要依赖于技术效率的改善但波动性较强;③在农业碳排放效率变动的影响因素上,产业结构、耕地面积构成情况及农业受灾程度对农业碳排放效率有显著负向作用;对外开放程度、劳动力文化水平与农业碳排放效率呈显著正相关。 相似文献
9.
10.
中国省际畜牧业碳排放测度及时空演化机制 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
《资源科学》2017,(4)
畜牧业是重要的碳排放源,中国作为畜牧业大国,测度畜牧业碳排放量并揭示其时空演化机制具有重要意义。运用全生命周期评价方法,测度了2000-2014年中国大陆31个省区的畜牧业碳排放,从时间和空间两个层面揭示了中国畜牧业碳排放的变化特征,进而采用动态面板数据模型揭示了畜牧业碳排放和城乡居民收入、城镇化之间的互动机制。结果表明:①2000-2014年,中国畜牧业碳排放总量由12669.899万t增长到13189.955万t,年均增速0.288%,其中畜禽胃肠发酵和粪便管理系统产生的碳排放是其主要来源,两者占畜牧业碳排放总量比重达74.48%~79.50%;②研究期内,中国高、低畜牧业碳排放区空间格局基本保持不变,偏高、中度畜牧业碳排放区呈现出明显的动态演变态势,高、偏高畜牧业碳排放区基本位于边疆草原地区和粮食主产区,且排名前10位的畜牧业碳排放省区占全国畜牧业碳排放比重达57.50%;③2000-2007年,草原牧区是中国畜牧业碳排放增长的核心区;而2007-2014年,农耕牧区演变为中国畜牧业碳排放增长的核心区;④农民人均纯收入、城镇居民人均可支配收入和城镇化对畜牧业碳排放的影响系数分别为0.078、0.127和-0.145,三者动态变化将共同决定今后一段时间中国畜牧业碳排放增长的时空格局。 相似文献
11.
A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
12.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
13.
Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
14.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
15.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
16.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
17.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
18.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
19.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
20.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献