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跑节省化(RE)和最大摄氧量评价耐力训练效果的比较研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过观察与分析耐力训练对跑节省化(RE)和最大摄氧量(VO2max)的影响,探讨RE指标在表达耐力训练效果方面的应用价值.对42名士兵进行10周5 km长跑训练,测定训练前后的VO2max和RE,并运用主成分分析方法对耐力训练效果的指标进行相对重要程度的分析.结果显示:5 km长跑训练使普通人的R-VO2max增加了4.0%(P<0.01),RE各指标有非常显著的下降(3.0%～9.0%,P<0.05),提示RE在评价耐力训练效果方面较之VO2max有更明显的敏感性;在表达耐力训练效果方面,RE的贡献率和因子载荷均高于VO2max.研究结果表明,RE在评价普通人群耐力训练效果方面优于VO2max指标. 相似文献
2.
目的:针对当前国内对跑节省化(RE)关注度的逐渐提高而又无统一测试方法,国外在VO2计算方法、负荷强度的选择等方面存在不一致性的局面,旨在推导出单一RE测试负荷,确定VO2收集和计算时间,建立一套适合我国普通男性青年完整的RE测试方法。方法:以63名新兵为实验对象,分成A组和B组。首先,A组在活动跑台上分别以55%、60%、65%和70%VO2max对应的速度完成RE测试,然后,测定其5km成绩并以此作为因变量,上述4个RE值分别为自变量进行线性相关分析,应用r2判定系数法判断RE与5km跑成绩线性关系,找出最佳线性模型;以5km跑成绩作为效标,以R-RE与5km跑成绩的4个相关系数r为基础进行曲线拟合,推导适宜的最佳RE负荷跑速。另外,测试B组RE与5km成绩,以检验最适宜负荷的有效性,并从B组中随机抽取50%受试者进行RE重测,以检验RE指标的可靠性和稳定性。结果:11.5km/h的跑速可作为我国普通男性青年测定RE的适宜负荷,单位采用ml/kg/min表示;应计算末尾2min的VO2所得均值作为RE值;有效性检验显示,以11.5km/h的速度测定的RE结果有代表性;RE重测可靠性高。结论:建立了一套完整的RE测试方法。 相似文献
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目的：拟探讨核呼吸因子1（NRF1）基因多态性与最大（VO2max）和次最大有氧能力（running economy，RE）的关联性。方法：102名无训练史的健康男子进行18周有氧耐力训练，测试训练前后的VO2 max和12km／h跑速下的RE。用FCR-RFLP分析NRF1基因的SNPrs2302970、rs6949152和rs10500120多态性。结果：3个多态位点均符合H—W平衡（P〉0．05）。rs2302970与rs6949152强连锁不平衡（D’=0．950，12=0．631），经haplo．em推算，主要存在4种单体型；3个SNPs及单体型与VO2max的初始值及训练敏感性均不关联；RE的初始能力与rs2302970多态性关联，携带CT基因型的群体显著高于CC基因型。RE的训练敏感性与rs2302970和rs6949152多态性关联，携带CT或AG基因型的群体显著高于CC或AA基因型。结论：NRF1基因多态性能够预测中国北方地区汉族男性次最大有氧能力的差异。 相似文献
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耐力训练效果与CKMM基因A/G多态性的关联研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究目的：探讨耐力训练效果与中国人群CKMM基因A／G多态性之间的关联性。研究方法：测定102名中国汉族新兵，经18周的5000m跑，耐力训练前后的V02max、RE（running economy）指标，并应用PCR—RFLP法测定受试者CKMM多态性，统计CKMM基因多态性与VO2max、RE指标之间的相关性。结果：CKMM基因经PCR及NcoI内切酶消化以后得到3种基因型：AA、AG和GG，经卡方检验符合Hardy-weinberg遗传平衡定律，具有群体代表性。训练前各组基础值经方差检验无显著性差异；训练后，RE／HR、RE／VO2和RE／rVO2在整体及AA、AG组都显著下降，但GG组变化不明显；此外，下降率／XRE／VO2和／XRE／rVO2，AG组显著高于AA；而VOzmax和rVO2max在整体和各基因型组均没有显著性变化。结论：CKMM基因型与RE有关，影响个体对耐力训练的敏感性。携带AG基因型的人对耐力训练的敏感性显著高于AG型和GG型。 相似文献
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影响儿童青少年最大有氧活动能力的因素(综述) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
儿童青少年在青春发育期前后,机体各组织器官的功能都在迅速的提高.儿童青少年VO2max的研究和测定,可以综合反映儿童青少年体格状况、有氧运动机能,是判断儿童青少年发育水平及不同环境因素对儿童青少年体质影响的比较理想的动态机能指标.通过综述了前人对儿童青少年最大有氧活动能力的研究,特别是影响其有氧能力的遗传因素、个体状况、环境因素和训练因素在儿童青少年生长发育期的作用和特点,使大家正确认识儿童青少年这一能力的发展,关心儿童青少年的健康成长. 相似文献
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《体育科技文献通报》1999,(7)
G804.6.HL006 9902956青春发育前期男女儿童等动力量特征的生物力学分析(HL,中,A]/宁自衡,施友展,施德伟,罗超毅,李相如∥第五届全国体育科学大会论文摘要汇编.-1997.-431(XG)儿童∥等动收缩∥肌肉力量∥运动生物力学∥下肢∥等动训练∥力矩∥伸肌∥屈肌肌肉等动力量训练的测试和研究吸引着越来越多的研究人员的注意。作者测试了中国男女儿童膝关节等动力量指标,分析和比较青春发育前男女儿童等动力量测试的结果,探讨了青春发育前期男女儿童等动力量特征所存在的性别差异,为进一步了解儿童少年等动力量的年龄特征提供依据。以澳门小学生做为测试及研究对象,分别以60°/S、180°/S、300°/S、400 相似文献
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探讨男性青少年生长发育过程中血清IGF-1水平与下肢骨骼和肌肉形态、机能发育的关系以及运动训练对青少年生长发育及血IGF-1分泌规律的影响。对68名青春发育期男性青少年的身高、体重、下肢长、小腿长以及小腿三头肌肌腹和肌腱长度等身体形态学指标及反映下肢跳跃能力的指标进行测试、同步检测了血清IGF-1浓度。结果发现,样本男性青少年的血清IGF-1浓度在9-12岁以前升高不明显,12-13岁骤然升高,15岁达到最高峰后,缓慢下降;样本男性青少年在青春发育前期运动训练组与非运动训练组和青春发育后期运动训练组与非运动训练组血清IGF-1浓度无显著性差异。提示运动训练并未影响血清IGF-1的分泌规律。除体脂外,样本所有的生长发育指标均与IGF-1有正相关关系。垂直跳高度,连续跳高度在运动训练组与非运动训练组之间均存在显著性差异,并与血IGF-1水平呈正相关。 相似文献
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我国耐力运动员mtDNA高变区Ⅰ单核苷酸多态性与最大有氧能力的关联分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为了探讨人类运动能力相关的基因标记与分子机制,对线粒体基因(mtDNA)高变区Ⅰ作了序列多态性分析.研究选取汉族耐力运动员94人,相应汉族对照92人,对其mtDNA高变区Ⅰ特异性片段进行扩增、测序,分析其单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)改变及其与最大有氧能力的相关性.结果显示我国汉族及其耐力运动员mtDNA HVR-Ⅰ多态频率大于10%的19个SNPs位点中,运动员有3个SNPs位点与最大摄氧量关联(np16297、np16362、np16085),其中,位点16362和16085剑桥序列女性VO2max/kg均显著高于非剑桥序列组(P＜0.05);位点16297剑桥序列组男性的VO2max/kg也显著高于非剑桥序列组(P＜0.05).结果提示,mtDNA高变区ⅠSNPs位点16362,16085和16297可能作为对人类运动能力的遗传标记,决定了个体有氧耐力水平及其对训练高敏感性. 相似文献
10.
中国北方汉族男子FECH基因-252A/G多态与耐力训练敏感性的关联研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:探讨中国北方汉族男性亚铁螯合酶(FECH)基因-252A/G多态性与耐力训练敏感性的关联,寻找与有氧耐力训练效果的分子标记。方法:选取102名中国北方汉族男性健康受试者,以95%～105%个体无氧阈强度进行5 000米跑训练,每周3次,共18周,训练前后测定VO2max、RE等指标。使用PCR-RFLP和测序方法解析该基因多态性的分布特征,并进行该多态与上述生理指标进行关联性分析。结果:1)耐力训练前,AA基因型跑节省化时的心率(RE/HR)、跑节省化时的最大摄氧量(RE/rVO2)起始值均显著性低于GG基因型(P<0.01);2)有氧耐力训练后,AA基因型通气阈时的摄氧量(△VT/VO2)增加的幅度显著性高于GG基因型(P<0.05);AA基因型在跑节省化时的心率(△RE/HR)下降的幅度显著性高于GG基因型(P<0.05)。结论:在FECH基因-252A/G多态性中,AA基因型耐力训练具有较高的训练敏感性,可作为预测有氧耐力训练敏感性的分子标记。 相似文献
11.
A low digit ratio (2D:4D) and low 2D:4D in the right compared with the left hand (right-left 2D:4D) are thought to be determined by high in utero concentrations of testosterone, and are related to "masculine" traits such as aggression and performance in sports like running and rugby. Low right-left 2D:4D is also related to sensitivity to testosterone as measured by the number of cytosine-adenine-guanine triplet repeats in exon 1 of the androgen receptor gene. Here we show that low right-left 2D:4D is associated with high maximal oxygen uptake (VO2(max)), high velocity at VO2(max), and high maximum lactate concentration in a sample of teenage boys. We suggest that low right-left 2D:4D is linked to performance in some sports because it is a proxy of high sensitivity to prenatal and maybe also circulating testosterone and high VO2(max). 相似文献
12.
Relationship of running economy, ventilatory threshold, and maximal oxygen consumption to running performance in high school females 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
L N Cunningham 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》1990,61(4):369-374
The purpose of the study was to relate three determinants of distance running success, (a) maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), (b) ventilatory threshold (VT), and (c) running economy (RE), to actual running time in a 5-km race (ART). Twenty-four female runners (M age = 15.9 years) from four high school teams that competed at the Massachusetts All-State 5-km Cross Country Championship Meet and placed 1st, 7th, 19th, and 20th were tested in the laboratory. The mean VO2max of these runners was 61.7 ml.kg-1.min-1, HRmax 201 b.min-1, VEmax 100 L.min-1, and RER 1.10. The VT occurred at 79% of the VO2max, and HR of 184 b.min-1 (92% of HRmax). The velocity at VT (vVT) and velocity at VO2max (vVO2max) was correlated with ART, r(22) = .78 and .77 (p less than .001), respectively. The VO2 at VT and at maximal exercise was correlated with ART by r(22) = -.66 and -.69 (p less than .001), respectively. The VO2 at 215 m.min-1 (8 mph) was poorly related to ART, r(22) = -.05, p greater than .05. It was concluded that either of the derived variables vVT and vVO2max appear to explain significant variation in distance running performance among adolescent female cross country runners. 相似文献
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儿童最大有氧活动能力的追踪研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
报告了60名10～15岁儿童(31名男童,29名女童)最大有氧活动能力的追踪研究结果。应用Jaeger LE/6型步行机运动,使用Jaeger自动气体分析仪作气体分析,发现男女童的VO_2max、VO_2max/Ht、VO_2max/Ht~2及VO_2max/HR均随年龄增长而增加,VO_2max/Wt及VO_2max/LBM均未随年龄而增长的规律。男童VO_2max绝对值及各项相对值均明显高于女童。以生活年龄为基础的VO_2max年增长值,男童呈随年龄增长而增加的趋势,女童除13～14岁外,呈随年龄增长而减少的趋势;VO_2max/Wt年增长值男女童在年龄组间均未见到规律性的变化。以身高突增高峰年龄(PHA)为基础的VO_2max,男童从PHA-2到PHS 2持续增加,女童从PHA-1到PHA 1呈下降趋势,以后略有上升;VO_2max/Wt年增长值,男童在PHA前为负值,以后为正值并逐渐增加,女童无规律性变化。以生活年龄或以身高突增高峰年龄为基础的最大吸氧量年增长值的个体差异都很大。 相似文献
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Bartlett JD Close GL MacLaren DP Gregson W Drust B Morton JP 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(6):547-553
The aim of this study was to objectively quantify ratings of perceived enjoyment using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale following high-intensity interval running versus moderate-intensity continuous running. Eight recreationally active men performed two running protocols consisting of high-intensity interval running (6 × 3 min at 90% VO(2max) interspersed with 6 × 3 min active recovery at 50% VO(2max) with a 7-min warm-up and cool down at 70% VO(2max)) or 50 min moderate-intensity continuous running at 70% VO(2max). Ratings of perceived enjoyment after exercise were higher (P < 0.05) following interval running compared with continuous running (88 ± 6 vs. 61 ± 12) despite higher (P < 0.05) ratings of perceived exertion (14 ± 1 vs. 13 ± 1). There was no difference (P < 0.05) in average heart rate (88 ± 3 vs. 87 ± 3% maximum heart rate), average VO(2) (71 ± 6 vs. 73 ± 4%VO(2max)), total VO(2) (162 ± 16 vs. 166 ± 27 L) or energy expenditure (811 ± 83 vs. 832 ± 136 kcal) between protocols. The greater enjoyment associated with high-intensity interval running may be relevant for improving exercise adherence, since running is a low-cost exercise intervention requiring no exercise equipment and similar relative exercise intensities have previously induced health benefits in patient populations. 相似文献
16.
Endurance running performance in athletes with asthma 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Laboratory assessment was made during maximal and submaximal exercise on 16 endurance trained male runners with asthma (aged 35 +/- 9 years) (mean +/- S.D.). Eleven of these asthmatic athletes had recent performance times over a half-marathon, which were examined in light of the results from the laboratory tests. The maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) of the group was 61.8 +/- 6.3 ml kg-1 min-1 and the maximum ventilation (VEmax) was 138.7 +/- 24.7 l min-1. These maximum cardio-respiratory responses to exercise were positively correlated to the degree of airflow obstruction, defined as the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (expressed as a percentage of predicted normal). The half-marathon performance times of 11 of the athletes ranged from those of recreational to elite runners (82.4 +/- 8.8 min, range 69-94). Race pace was correlated with VO2max (r = 0.863, P less than 0.01) but the highest correlation was with the running velocity at a blood lactate concentration of 2 mmol l-1 (r = 0.971, P less than 0.01). The asthmatic athletes utilized 82 +/- 4% VO2max during the half-marathon, which was correlated with the %VO2max at 2 mmol l-1 blood lactate (r = 0.817, P less than 0.01). The results of this study suggest that athletes with mild to moderate asthma can possess high VO2max values and can develop a high degree of endurance fitness, as defined by their ability to sustain a high percentage of VO2max over an endurance race. In athletes with more severe airflow obstruction, the maximum ventilation rate may be reduced and so VO2max may be impaired. The athletes in the present study have adapted to this limitation by being able to sustain a higher %VO2max before the accumulation of blood lactate, which is an advantage during an endurance race. Therefore, with appropriate training and medication, asthmatics can successfully participate in endurance running at a competitive level. 相似文献
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Peak treadmill running velocity during the VO2 max test predicts running performance 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Twenty specialist marathon runners and 23 specialist ultra-marathon runners underwent maximal exercise testing to determine the relative value of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), peak treadmill running velocity, running velocity at the lactate turnpoint, VO2 at 16 km h-1, % VO2max at 16 km h-1, and running time in other races, for predicting performance in races of 10-90 km. Race time at 10 or 21.1 km was the best predictor of performance at 42.2 km in specialist marathon runners and at 42.2 and 90 km in specialist ultra-marathon runners (r = 0.91-0.97). Peak treadmill running velocity was the best laboratory-measured predictor of performance (r = -0.88(-)-0.94) at all distances in ultra-marathon specialists and at all distances except 42.2 km in marathon specialists. Other predictive variables were running velocity at the lactate turnpoint (r = -0.80(-)-0.92); % VO2max at 16 km h-1 (r = 0.76-0.90) and VO2max (r = 0.55(-)-0.86). Peak blood lactate concentrations (r = 0.68-0.71) and VO2 at 16 km h-1 (r = 0.10-0.61) were less good predictors. These data indicate: (i) that in groups of trained long distance runners, the physiological factors that determine success in races of 10-90 km are the same; thus there may not be variables that predict success uniquely in either 10 km, marathon or ultra-marathon runners, and (ii) that peak treadmill running velocity is at least as good a predictor of running performance as is the lactate turnpoint. Factors that determine the peak treadmill running velocity are not known but are not likely to be related to maximum rates of muscle oxygen utilization. 相似文献
18.
Determinants of success during triathlon competition 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
D R Dengel M G Flynn D L Costill J P Kirwan 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》1989,60(3):234-238
Eleven male triathletes were studied to determine the relationships between selected metabolic measurements and triathlon performance. Measurements of oxygen uptake (VO2), pulmonary ventilation (VE), and heart rate (HR) were made during submaximal and maximal 365.8 m freestyle swimming (FS), cycle ergometry (CE), and treadmill running (TR). Submaximal workloads were 1 m/s for swimming, 200 W for cycling, and 201.2 m/min for running. The mean VO2 max (l/min) was significantly (p less than .05) lower during FS (4.17) than CE (4.68) or TR (4.81). Swimming, cycling, and running performance times during the Muncie Endurathon (1.2 mile swim, 56 mile cycle, 13.1 mile run) were not significantly related to the event-specific VO2 max (ml/kg/min): -.49, -32 and -.55, respectively. The VO2 max expressed in l/min was found to be significantly (p less than .05) related to cycling time (r = -.70). A significant (p less than .05) relationship was observed between submaximal VO2 (ml/kg/min) during TM and run performance time (r = .64), whereas swimming and cycling performance times were significantly (p less than .05) related to submaximal VO2 max (l/min), r = .72 and .60, respectively. The percentage of VO2 (%VO2 max) used during the submaximal tests was significantly (p less than .05) related to swimming (.91), cycling (.78), and running (.86) performance times. Time spent running and cycling during triathlon competition was significantly (p less than .05) related to overall triathlon time, r = .97 and .81, respectively. However, swimming time was not significantly related (.30) to overall triathlon time. This study suggests that economy of effort is an important determinant of triathlon performance. 相似文献
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Development of maximal oxygen uptake in young elite male cross-country skiers: a longitudinal study.
F Ingjer 《Journal of sports sciences》1992,10(1):49-63
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of extensive endurance training (15-25 h per week) on the development of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) in boys from puberty. Maximal oxygen uptake was measured a number of times each year from the age of puberty and for the next 6-9 years in seven young male elite cross-country skiers. Mean VO2 max was measured as 76.3 and 80.1 ml kg-1 min-1 at the ages of 14 and 15 years respectively. Despite the fast rate of growth during puberty, maximal aerobic power showed seasonal variations from the age of 14, reaching a plateau at the age of 15, whereas VO2 max (ml kg-2/3 min-1) increased continuously. It is concluded that, during puberty, boys probably attain significant increases in VO2 max when appropriate amounts of endurance training are undertaken. 相似文献