共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Larry L. Howard 《Economics of Education Review》2011,30(1):157-176
This paper estimates models of the transitional effects of food insecurity experiences on children's non-cognitive performance in school classrooms using a panel of 4710 elementary students enrolled in 1st, 3rd, and 5th grade (1999-2003). In addition to an extensive set of child and household-level characteristics, we use information on U.S. counties to control for potential confounding effects of the local economic and noneconomic environment on children's household transitions between states of food insecurity and food security. The time horizon of our analysis affords insight into factors underlying children's formation of non-cognitive skills and the efficiency of classroom-based educational production in elementary school. Overall, we find significant negative developmental effects for children with food insecurity at home; and that children experiencing an early transition from food insecurity in 1st grade to food security in 3rd grade have even larger impairments that persist through 5th grade. 相似文献
2.
Elsa K. Weber 《Early education and development》2001,12(4):593-611
The study replicates a previous investigation done with middle class children to examine their conceptions of prerogative and restriction, Weber (1999). For the present study, forty nine first, third and fifth grade children who were primarily African American, were drawn from two public schools in a small aging midwestern industrial city. They participated in two interviews which elicited responses concerning personal prerogative at home and school. The children identified areas of prerogative in both settings. They distinguished between personal and conventional issues at school. Children's claims to prerogative appeared to increase with age, as did the amount of disagreement and conflict over such issues. There appeared to be a flattening out of opportunity at school however, that did not occur at home. Unlike the middle class sample, these children sometimes used prudential and punishment reasoning to justify restrictions. Direct responses from the children clearly indicated that school should be different from home in prerogative offered them. They appeared to accept more narrow and rigid boundaries at school with little reservation. The totality of the children's responses, however, suggests the possibility of more complex attitudes. The flattening of provision at school, combined with some presence of punishment reasoning, suggests that there may be some interesting differences in approach between middle class and working class schools. 相似文献
3.
一、自尊问题的提出1自尊的定义自尊的定义有很多,每一个定义都是研究者根据自己对自尊的心理认识和理解来界定的,这里摘要介绍国内外有代表性的定义。最早给自尊下定义的心理学家当属W.Jam es(1890～1963),他在给自尊下定义时用了一个著名的公式,即:自尊=成功(success)/抱负水 相似文献
4.
Rebecca A. Lynch M. Dale Steen Todd J. Pritchard Paul R. Buzzell Stephen J. Pintauro 《Journal of Food Science Education》2008,7(2):35-42
ABSTRACT: More than 76 million persons become ill from foodborne pathogens in the United States each year. To reduce these numbers, food safety education efforts need to be targeted at not only adults, but school children as well. The middle school grades are ideal for integrating food safety education into the curriculum while simultaneously contributing to national and state education standards in science, technology, and family and consumer sciences. For this project, a multimedia, self-paced online resource for delivering a food safety curriculum to middle school children was developed. Animated characters were used to deliver the lesson content. The application also included video segments, quiz feedback, and interactive games and activities. The effectiveness of the Web site was evaluated using validated cognitive and attitudinal assessment tools, and by comparing student cognitive gains to individual student learning styles. Participants were recruited from 6 middle schools in 5 states, totaling 217 students (20 sixth graders, 157 seventh graders, and 40 eighth graders). The results show that students had statistically significant modest gains in pretest to posttest knowledge and enjoyed using the Web site. The 6th grade students had significantly lower pretest to posttest improvement compared to 7th and 8th grade students, suggesting that this program may not be appropriate for this grade level. Furthermore, the results indicate that this Web-based computer application meets the needs of varying individual student learning styles. 相似文献
5.
A. Y. Fred Ramirez 《The Urban Review》2003,35(2):93-110
Parental involvement in schools has become more popular over the past decade due to Goals 2000 and research suggesting that student academic success increases when parents are included in the education of their children. Although researchers have examined the issue of parents and schools, limited research on parental involvement has been conducted within immigrant communities. Latino immigrant parents within a predominantly Latino community in California were interviewed. Although the community has strong Latino roots, these immigrant parents believed the schools do not listen or care to listen to their needs as parents. The parents in this study desired to be a part of their children's education, but forces within their children's school prevented them from doing so. The parents wished that teachers would be available to speak about grades, be able to find interpreters during open house and at other times throughout the school day, and communicate with the parents when their child is in need of assistance. Due to the apparent walls that had been established within the school's structure, the parents in this study felt abandoned and helpless while trying to gain information regarding their children's education. Parents in this study were so passionate about their stories that they pleaded with the researcher to let their story be heard in the researchers' teacher education courses so future teachers would know how immigrant parents felt. 相似文献
6.
高中阶段的社会分层和教育机会获得 总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24
杨东平 《清华大学教育研究》2005,26(3):52-59
本文通过对10个城市40所普通高中学生的问卷调查，揭示了高中阶段学生社会分层的状况：城市和中高阶层家庭’的学生更多地集中在重点中学，而农村和低阶层家庭的学生多在非重点中学。重点高中入学机会的获得，在一定程度上已经成为学生家长经济资本和社会资本的较量。显示城乡二元、重点非重点二元的学校制度，是一种基本的教育分层制度，重点学校制度存在一种复制和扩大社会阶层差距的机制。 相似文献
7.
以自编修订的《儿童元认知问卷》,对420名儿童（其中学习不良儿童96人）进行测试,结果发现：该阶段非学习不良儿童元认知发展上六年级显著高于四、五年级,不存在性别差异;学习不良儿童元认知发展不存在年级差异,他们在元认知整体水平以及六个维度上均显著落后于一般儿童和成绩优秀儿童;此外,以小学四年级学生为被试,考察了开展元认知训练的意义。研究发现,元认知训练可以较好地促进该阶段儿童元认知水平的提高,元认知训练对学生学业成就有着积极影响。 相似文献
8.
随着经济的迅速发展,东莞市某镇外来务工人员逐年增多,其子女的教育问题也日益凸现出来。尽管当地政府对非户籍适龄儿童的教育政策比较宽松,但是,与户籍儿童相比,非户籍适龄儿童仍然不能享有公平的教育机会和教育资源。本文就此问题,提出了发放教育卡、废止等级学校和实行免费义务教育等政策性建议,以冀能保证适龄儿童享有公平的教育。 相似文献
9.
This paper examines the competitive effects of a unique school choice program implemented in the late 1990s, Wisconsin's open enrollment program, which allows families to send their children to schools outside their home district. In contrast to other school choice programs, districts not only face negative consequences from losing students and state funding, but they also stand to gain in the event of student emigration from other districts. The identification approach exploits differences in the number of schools in bordering districts, which affects inter-district ease-of-transfer. Estimates produce three main conclusions. First, districts that experience student out-migration produce higher standardized test scores in the subsequent year. Second, these effects are most evident among districts for which out-migration, expressed as a percentage of enrollment, falls in the upper quartile of all districts under consideration. Third, districts do not appear to respond to in-migration, indicating that districts place more emphasis on (and have more control over) preventing out-migration, as opposed to encouraging in-migration. These findings provide evidence that schools respond to competitive forces by improving quality. 相似文献
10.
David Benton 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(3):353-356
The effect of age on the way that children aged 7–16 years classify food was examined in a cross‐section of Welsh school children. Primary school children were interviewed and invited to classify photographs of food into groups. Secondary school children undertook a similar task using cards on which were written the names of foods. Although by 7 years of age children had well‐established food classification strategies, there are considerable differences between those used by older and younger children. A time of particular change was seen in the use of classification labels during the first year of senior school with children aged 11–12. Potential implications of the findings for the design and implementation of nutrition education programmes are considered. 相似文献
11.
张素凤 《安徽师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2009,37(4):420-425
为解决我国农村留守儿童问题,我国部分地区的中小学校和教师对留守儿童实行"代管"。在这种代管中,学校与被代管的学生之间应该是教育、管理、保护关系(寄宿制学校除外),代管教师与被代管的学生之间应该是一种委托监护关系。在发生与被代管学生有关的损害赔偿纠纷时,学校和代管教师在有过错的情况下,应该承担相应的赔偿责任。我国应尽快完善法律、法规,建立和实施代管制,从根本上解决对农村留守儿童的社会救助问题。 相似文献
12.
OBJECTIVE: A cumulative risk model was used to examine the relationship among failure-to-thrive (FTT), maltreatment, and four aspects of children's development: cognitive performance (standardized testing), adaptive functioning at school, and classroom behavior (teacher report), and behavior at home (maternal report). METHOD: The sample included 193 6-year-old children and their families, recruited from pediatric clinics serving inner-city, low-income, primarily African-American families, who were part of a longitudinal investigation of child development and maltreatment. Four risk groups were formed based on their growth and maltreatment history: neither FTT nor Maltreatment, FTT Only, Maltreatment Only, and both FTT and Maltreatment. FTT was defined as a deceleration in weight gain (weight-for-age below the 5th percentile) prior to 25 months of age among children born at term with birth weight appropriate for gestational age. Maltreatment was defined as having at least one report to CPS for neglect, physical abuse and/or sexual abuse. RESULTS: Risk status was negatively associated with each of the four developmental outcomes. Children with a history of both FTT and maltreatment had more behavior problems and worse cognitive performance and school functioning than children with neither risk factor. Children with only one risk factor (either FTT or maltreatment) achieved intermediate scores. CONCLUSIONS: Findings support a cumulative risk model as being more detrimental to children's development than the presence of a single risk factor alone, consistent with theories linking the accumulation of environmental risks to negative consequences. These results underscore the importance of interventions to prevent both FTT and maltreatment during children's early years. 相似文献
13.
Gurpinder Singh Lalli 《British Educational Research Journal》2023,49(1):53-69
Households with children eligible for Free School Meals are at risk of food insecurity. This paper reports on a rapid-response study that investigated the impact of the school food voucher scheme during the COVID-19 crisis on young people, families and schools. It pays close attention to the reliance of the state on the goodwill of society and its citizens in feeding those most in need. The Capabilities Approach is used to highlight factors that inhibited and restricted the use of the vouchers to produce the capability of having good nutrition for children in need of Free School Meals. The approach moves towards creating a society where children and young people are able to lead a life of their own choice and contribute to key policy decisions. This qualitative study funded by the British Education Research Association was conducted between September 2020 and March 2021. The study posed two research questions: (1) how have schools responded to COVID-19 in relation to food during holiday provision; and (2) what have families identified as barriers to accessing the school food voucher scheme? Data collection involved online interviews with young people, schools and organisations (i.e. public health, director from the food industry. etc.). The findings highlight the difficulties with accessing and using the school food voucher and implications for future policy directions. Owing to this being a small-scale study, it is not generalisable to the wider population but does highlight localised issues. 相似文献
14.
Despite recent growth in research highlighting the potential of teacher-child relationships to promote children's development during the early years of school, questions remain about the importance of these relationships across elementary school. Using data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care (N = 1,364), this study examines between- and within-child associations between teacher-child relationship quality and children's academic achievement and behavior problems from kindergarten (ages 4-6 years) through 5th grade (ages 9-11 years). Results suggest that increases in teacher-child relationship quality are associated with improvements in teacher-reported academic skills and reductions in behavior problems consistently throughout elementary school. As children progressed from kindergarten through fifth grade, the importance of teacher-child relationship quality is unchanging. 相似文献
15.
School achievement among black, white, and Hispanic elementary school children was investigated, and efforts were made to study the beliefs about academic achievement of the children and their mothers. A total of approximately 3,000 first, third, and fifth graders enrolled in 20 schools in the Chicago metropolitan area were given achievement tests in mathematics and reading. Black and Hispanic children performed at a significantly lower level than white children, but at fifth grade ethnic differences in mathematics scores were no longer significant when mothers' education was statistically controlled. This was not the case in reading, where differences were found after controlling for the effects of mothers' education. Interviews with subsamples of approximately 1,000 mothers and children revealed greater emphasis on and concern about education among minority families than among white families. Black and Hispanic children and mothers evaluated the children and their academic abilities highly; they were positive about education and held high expectations about the children's future prospects for education. Mothers of minority children and teachers in minority schools believed more strongly than white mothers and teachers in the value of homework, competency testing, and a longer school day as means of improving children's education. 相似文献
16.
小学高年级生活事件和自我意识的关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过了解小学高年级儿童的生活事件、自我意识的发展状况及其两者的相互关系,为创设良好的外部环境、培养小学生良好的自我意识提供参考依据。采用整群收取的方法,对芜湖市两所普通小学四至六年级249名学生进行Piers—harris儿童自我意识和儿童生活事件量表的施测表明：除人际关系因子之外,儿童生活事件、自我意识总分和其他各分量表均不存在年级差异;儿童生活事件量表中的学习压力、受惩罚、健康适应以及自我意识中的行为、学校和智力情况五个因子均存在显著的性别差异,前三个因子男生高于女生,后两个因子女生高于男生;儿童生活事件中的人际关系和受惩罚因子对自我意识有显著的预测作用。 相似文献
17.
Prathyusha Sanagavarapu 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2018,46(5):523-534
Despite the increasing attendance of children with food allergy in schools in Australia and globally, little is known about how affected families manage their children’s transition to school. This paper discusses the experiences and support needs of ten mothers during their child’s transition to school in Sydney, Australia, drawn from the thematic analysis of Photo Elicitation Interviews in homes. One of the significant findings of this study was that most mothers found their child’s transition to school both emotionally and practically challenging, even though their children previously attended a long day care or preschool setting. While the school’s pro-active transitional planning, procedures of food allergy management and psychological support provided to families facilitated a smooth start to school, a lack of these, together with poor or no communication and non-involvement of families in the management of children’s food allergy hindered it. Correspondingly, mothers highlighted the need for schools to keep children’s food allergy at the forefront of their transitional planning and support them holistically by pro-actively communicating, collaborating and involving families in the discussions about food allergy, empowering them with information on the school’s policies and procedures, and acknowledging their concerns of safety. Mothers considered these things to be essential. Additionally, mothers provided advice to other parents on how to achieve a positive start to school. The implications of this study’s findings for schools and families are discussed. Considering the small sample size and generalisability of the findings to other contexts and countries, further research is recommended both nationally and internationally. 相似文献
18.
This study examines the prevalence of parental disillusionment with school and its relationship with demographic variables, and phase, size and location of schools. Findings are based on data from 1569 parents of children in grades 5 to 10 from 20 schools in 9 municipalities in Norway. Previous research in other countries shows benefits for the children's attainments at school of positive relationships between parents and teachers. However, only a few studies in Norway have focused on home–school collaboration. Parents in this study are more likely to report disillusionment in big schools than in small schools. Also, parents with low income tend to be more disillusioned than parents with high income. However, the general lack of significant differences between schools might indicate that parental disillusionment was more likely to arise from conflicts between teachers and parents and from policy and practice in the school. 相似文献
19.
Using a unique and very rich PISA dataset from Denmark, we show that the immigrant concentration in the school influences reading and math skills for both immigrant children and native children. Overall, children in schools with a high immigrant concentration score lower on reading and math test scores. The negative effects associated with attending a school with a high immigrant concentration are fairly robust across estimation methods. IV estimates, taking into consideration that parental sorting across neighborhoods might bias the OLS estimates, indicate that immigrant concentration in schools is still important in determining children's math test scores. The estimates are less precise regarding the effect of immigrant concentration on reading test scores. The immigrant concentration in the school has a stronger effect for native children than for immigrant children, but the differences are more pronounced for the math test. 相似文献
20.
Schools have an important role to play in the promotion of children's mental health, as well as in the identification and treatment of children with mental health problems. This article proposes a framework for a whole school approach to mental health. The framework focuses on four levels of involvement. The most general level is concerned with school ethos, which encompasses the values shared by all staff and pupils. The next level is whole-school organization, which comprises a range of school policies. Then there is pastoral provision, which concerns procedures in place throughout the school. The final level is classroom practice, which involves the practical strategies used by teachers. A model is presented in order to illustrate visually the four levels in the framework for the promotion of mental health in schools. It is intended that the model will provide schools with a useful framework with which to review their provisions for children with mental health problems and consider the issue of mental health promotion. 相似文献