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自我刺激行为是自闭症谱系障碍儿童典型发展的问题行为之一,常常表现为啃咬自己、撞击物品或他人、反复摇晃身体等。这些问题行为不仅有可能威胁到他们自身或者其他人的身体安全,同时也会影响他们与其他人保持良好的社会交往关系,阻碍他们学习新的知识和技能,因此,对自闭症谱系障碍儿童的自我刺激行为进行干预十分必要。目前常用的自我刺激行为的干预方法主要有：感觉消退、匹配性刺激替代法、过度矫正、积极行为支持、强化、感觉统合训练和早期预防7种。对自闭症谱系障碍儿童的自我刺激行为进行有效干预,可以帮助自闭症谱系障碍儿童学会用恰当的行为方式表达需求,从而更好地适应学习和生活。 相似文献
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本文以一名自闭症儿童为例,运用功能性行为评估方法对其挑战性行为进行了评估,详细分析了挑战性行为的功能及目的,并在此基础上设计了干预措施,进行实施。该儿童的行为变化验证了最初的行为功能假设。研究结果为自闭症儿童的行为干预提供了一种思路。 相似文献
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自伤性行为是一种危害性极大的问题行为,它会给个体带来直接的身体伤害。在自闭症儿童中,有自伤性行为的个体不在少数。本文以一名自闭症儿童为例,运用了访谈法、观察法,填写行为动机量表,详细分析了自伤性行为的功能及目的,在此基础上设计了干预措施,进行实施。并依据注意力转移策略设计了替代行为,减少其自伤行为发生的频率。该儿童的行为变化验证了干预及替代行为的可行性。研究结果为改善自闭症儿童的自伤行为提供了一种建议和方法。 相似文献
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孤独症儿童通过自我刺激行为满足自身感觉需求,获得感官舒适。高频率发生自我刺激行为会对孤独症儿童的生活、学习造成消极影响,也会阻碍儿童社会交往能力的发展。因此,开展针对自我刺激行为的干预,是学前特殊教育教师需要重视的课题之一。文章通过一名孤独症儿童的个案研究,探索自我刺激行为干预的有效途径。 相似文献
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图片交换沟通系统是以传统的应用行为分析为理论基础,利用图片作为媒介对重度自闭症儿童沟通技能进行干预的辅助性沟通系统.本研究采用单一被试的跨情境跨行为多基线设计,对一名四岁重度自闭症幼儿进行图片交换沟通系统干预.研究结果表明图片交换沟通系统产生了积极效果,自闭症儿童的需求表达行为明显增加,而其攻击性行为也随之减少.此外,本研究为未来开展自闭症儿童图片交换沟通系统的研究与实践干预提供建议. 相似文献
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自伤行为是指所有针对自己身体进行直接伤害的行为.在特殊教育领域,自伤行为多出现于自闭症儿童和智力落后儿童中.研究采用A-B实验设计,以功能性行为评估为基础,在学校自然教学情境下对两名自闭症儿童的自伤行为实施以积极行为支持为导向的干预.研究结果表明,在自然教学情境下对两名被试自伤行为的功能进行分析,并以此为依据制定并实施包括前事控制、后果控制、行为训练等干预策略,自伤行为下降趋势明显,干预效果显著. 相似文献
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自闭症儿童部分存在不同程度的自伤性行为。文章采用个案研究方法,运用注意转移策略,对一例有自伤行为的自闭症儿童进行干预,主要采用单一被试法之倒返实验设计,将干预前后的自伤行为的发生次数做比对。干预结果表明:注意转移策略能够有效地减少个案不同动机的自伤行为,希望可以给自闭症儿童的养护和教育教学提供一定参考。 相似文献
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在融合教育的背景下,越来越多的自闭症儿童选择普校就读。由于学生自身障碍原因,加之普通学校融合环境复杂,学生的特殊需要难以得到满足,导致学生出现许多行为问题,其中“逃课行为”严重影响了学生的学习质量。文章运用应用行为分析的方法,对一名五年级自闭症谱系障碍学生的“逃课行为”进行功能性行为评估,并采用正向行为支持进行干预,归纳总结具体的干预方法。研究发现,正向行为支持能够减少学生的逃课行为,在对自闭症儿童的干预过程中,要注意与学生建立良好的辅导关系,充分地利用资源教室为学生构建良好的融合教育支持系统,提高融合教育的质量。 相似文献
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《兰州教育学院学报》2019,(11):159-161
为减少自闭症儿童的课堂扰乱行为,应用沙盘游戏疗法对自闭症儿童进行干预,在结构化的系统观察基础上,开展沙盘游戏干预自闭症儿童课堂扰乱行为的自然实验。研究结果发现:自闭症儿童课堂扰乱行为的产生与其情绪表达障碍、行为控制能力较弱之间存在一定关联;沙盘游戏对自闭症儿童课堂扰乱行为的干预效果是较为明显的,经过干预,自闭症儿童的情绪表达、行为调控和课堂参与等多方面均有所改善。 相似文献
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Young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are increasingly being included in early childhood classrooms that include typically developing peers and in general education classrooms once they enter school. Many of these learners have the requisite academic skills to be successful, yet their social communication and behavioral challenges often impede their successful inclusion in general education settings. The challenges educators may experience when interpreting and responding to some behaviors exhibited by young students with ASD are explored and analyzed using an illustrative case vignette of a Kindergarten child with ASD. Recommendations for analyzing the communicative function of children’s behavior and for embedding social communication opportunities in inclusive classroom settings are described. 相似文献
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The mean age of identification for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) occurs during the months before children enter kindergarten. The incidence and prevalence of “autistic behaviors” in the general population are not fully understood, however, census-matched studies of these behaviors have yielded important new data. As children presenting with behaviors characteristic of ASD enter school, school psychologists are increasingly faced with the assessment and determination of individuals with disabilities improvement act (IDEIA) eligibility, often with students yet to be formally diagnosed with ASD. In many US states, a clinical diagnosis of ASD is not required for a child's eligibility to be served under the category of other health impaired as autism. Nor does a diagnosis of ASD automatically qualify a student as eligible under IDEIA. Eligibility hinges on educational impact. This article briefly reviews the current state of knowledge as it relates to understanding and evaluating children with suspected ASD in the schools, offers a framework for assessment, and discusses a set of proposed guidelines to assist in effectively utilizing assessment data in the development of individualized education plan goals. 相似文献
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Gazi F. Azad Mina Kim Steven C. Marcus Susan M. Sheridan David S. Mandell 《Psychology in the schools》2016,53(10):1071-1084
Effective parent‐teacher communication involves problem‐solving concerns about students. Few studies have examined problem‐solving interactions between parents and teachers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with a particular focus on identifying communication barriers and strategies for improving them. This study examined the problem‐solving behaviors of parents and teachers of children with ASD. Participants were 18 teachers and 39 parents of children with ASD. Parent‐teacher dyads were prompted to discuss and provide a solution for a problem that a student experienced at home and at school. Parents and teachers also reported on their problem‐solving behaviors. Results showed that parents and teachers displayed limited use of the core elements of problem‐solving. Teachers displayed more problem‐solving behaviors than parents. Both groups reported engaging in more problem‐solving behaviors than they were observed to display during their discussions. Our findings suggest that teacher and parent training programs should include collaborative approaches to problem‐solving. 相似文献
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Webb SJ Jones EJ Merkle K Venema K Greenson J Murias M Dawson G 《Child development》2011,82(6):1868-1886
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show differences in face processing abilities from early in development. To examine whether these differences reflect an atypical versus delayed developmental trajectory, neural responses to familiar and unfamiliar faces in twenty-four 18- to 47-month-old children with ASD were compared with responses of thirty-two 12- to 30-month-old typically developing children. Results of 2 experiments revealed that neural responses to faces in children with ASD resembled those observed in younger typically developing children, suggesting delayed development. Electrophysiological responses to faces were also related to parent report of adaptive social behaviors for both children with ASD and typical development. Slower development of the face processing system in ASD may be related to reduced self-directed "expected" experience with faces in early development. 相似文献
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《Mind, Brain, and Education》2017,11(3):109-111
The purpose of the present study was to develop and evaluate a scale to measure adaptive behavior skills in Chinese children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Participants were 121 young children (M = 55.18 months, SD = 0.18 months) with a formal diagnosis of ASD (73% male). Psychometric evaluation indicated that the reliability and validity of this scale were good. Furthermore, independent t‐tests revealed that boys demonstrated better adaptive behavior skills than girls. The present findings suggest that the scale is a valid measure of adaptive behavior skills in Chinese children with ASD. 相似文献
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Christiana Butera Priscilla Ring John Sideris Aditya Jayashankar Emily Kilroy Laura Harrison Sharon Cermak Lisa Aziz‐Zadeh 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2020,14(3):243-254
Difficulty processing sensory information may impede progress in school for students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We explore the relationship between sensory processing and school performance in 26 high‐functioning youths with ASD and 26 controls (age 8–14) using measures of sensory, social, cognitive, and academic functioning. In the ASD group, bivariate Pearson correlations indicated a significant positive relationship between intelligence quotient (IQ) and the School Competence Scale (SCS) of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and a significant negative relationship between Dunn's Sensory Processing Framework and SCS scores. Final hierarchical multiple linear regression model accounting for SCS scores in ASD included IQ, ADHD symptoms, and sensory features. An interaction between increased sensory sensitivity with reduced sensory avoidance behaviors explained the greatest amount of variance in SCS, meaning school performance is lowest for children with greater hypersensitivity and fewer avoidance behaviors. Results indicate a strong impact of sensory processing on school performance in ASD. 相似文献
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正向行为支持法干预孤独症儿童问题行为的个案研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究应用正向行为支持法,对一名孤独症儿童表现出的两种带有刻板和自伤性质的问题行为进行了干预,旨在验证该方法对干预孤独症儿童问题行为的有效性,并对干预的过程进行实践探讨。治疗小组基于前期行为分析的结果,制定针对性的干预计划,运用了前提控制、消退、区分强化等行为矫正策略,进行为期约三个月的干预。总的研究过程包括行为功能分析和干预实施等五个阶段,每个阶段都通过问卷和观察等形式收集数据,最终通过数据对比得出结论,认为:对孤独症儿童的行为问题,应注重外部因素也就是从环境因素中寻找其原因;采用正向行为支持法的策略来分析和处理孤独症儿童行为问题是有效的;在孤独症儿童干预中应关注其身心特征,采取有针对性的教学训练策略。 相似文献
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Baukje Veenstra Paul L. C. van Geert Bieuwe F. van der Meulen 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2012,6(1):27-40
In this exploratory multiple case study, it is examined how a computer game focused on improving ineffective learning behavior can be used as a tool to assess, improve, and study real‐time mouse behavior (MB) in different types of children: 18 children (3.8–6.3 years) with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), or comorbid ASD and ADHD, and 5 effectively learning (EL) children (3.5–3.8 years). The children's MB processes, for example “Errors” and “Reaction times,” were interpreted in terms of executive functions (EFs). Trajectories of averaged MB were compared among the groups of ASD, ADHD, comorbid, and EL children. Clinical groups showed differences in their MB, which were similar to the expected differences based on EF tests. In addition, a case study of a typical ASD, ADHD, and EL child was included in order to demonstrate typical individual MB patterns across time. MB processes might therefore provide a window into the processes of EF (dys)functioning. 相似文献
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通过系统分析网络环境下少年儿童的网络行为特征,必须联合家庭、学校和以少儿图书馆为代表的社会机构,加强对少儿网络行为的正向引导。 相似文献