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1.
Our study sought to understand changes in gender inequality in education across four generations of rural Chinese women's educational experiences in a small community in southern China. The 24 interviews and numerous informal conversations with 12 women showed that gender-based favouritism for men and against women undergirded family expectations, support, and decisions about women's formal education, but this manifested in different ways over generations. It appeared as strict gender division of labour within families, control, or ignorance of women's access to schooling, participants' emotional trauma, lower expectations of daughters' schoolwork, and gender-discriminating language in schools. 相似文献
2.
Organisational efforts to alter gender asymmetries are relatively rare, yet they are taking place in a number of universities. In the USA, sponsored by the National Science Foundation, ADVANCE programmes implement a number of interventions to improve the recruitment, retention, and advancement of women faculty. This study focused on one common intervention, faculty peer networks, and the role they play in gender equity reform. Longitudinal and cross-sectional qualitative data indicate that such peer networks function as catalysts for women's career agency, and challenge gendered organisational practices. Two key features of the peer networks, their structure and internal dynamics, facilitate these outcomes. At the same time, peer networks are limited by design in promoting structural change and must be implemented in concert with other forms of policy and structural change to be effective mechanisms for gender equity reform. 相似文献
3.
XU HUIYING 《Chinese Education & Society》2013,46(4):16-23
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, as major progress was made in women's participation in higher education, the proportion of women teachers in higher educational institutions gradually increased and their status has significantly improved. What, then, is the status of women teachers in China's higher education today? This is an issue which still deserves our exploration. Thus, let us first do our best to reflect on this status relatively accurately. In this article, the status of women teachers is a relative concept and is used in reference to and comparison with male teachers' status. At the same time, the status of women teachers is a collective concept, including primarily the proportion of women teachers to the total number of teachers in present-day regular universities and colleges, the distribution of their disciplines, their entry into faculties of universities and colleges, their promotion in title and rank, and their self-cognition and social identity. 相似文献
4.
高校女性教师是科技人才队伍的重要组成部分，是我国科技事业十分重要的力量，然而这一群体仍面临着人数较少、职业发展遭遇瓶颈、生育友好型环境有待提升等困境。研究基于科研自我效能感理论，运用混合研究方法，对上海6所高校204位工科女性教师开展问卷调查，并辅之以质性访谈，探索工科女性教师科研自我效能感现状及其影响因素。研究发现：工科女性教师的科研概念化能力、执行和汇报能力自我效能感水平相对较高；日均照顾子女和长辈的时间、对自身的领导能力和担任领导职位的自信程度等因素均对其科研自我效能感产生显著正向影响。基于上述结果，研究从国家和高校两个层面对工科女性教师人才的支持政策提出建议。 相似文献
5.
Nurdiana Gaus Nasrullah Larada Syakir Jamaluddin Muhammad Azwar Paramma Abdul Karim 《Higher Education Quarterly》2023,77(4):693-708
Drawing on the expectation state theory, this paper seeks to analyse the social cognitive process of the impacts of gender stereotypes along with their culturally derived schemas of status belief, status characteristics and emotion at the early stage of women's endeavour to emerge as leaders in academia. Employing a convenience sampling and interviews held with five women academic participants from three public and private universities in the western region of Indonesia, this research reveals that two social cognitive practices affect women's endeavour to emerge as leaders; (1) the incongruities of cultural and cognitive expected status belief and status characteristics about females with the expected performance of leadership. The pervasive effect of these can be mitigated when women adopt a strategy of neglection, coupled with a strategy of networking both via their own networks and their husband's networks; (2) the incongruities of cultural and cognitive expected ways of emotional expression on women with the expected performance of leadership. This impacts the status conferral that shapes the worthiness of females to emerge as leaders, leading female leaders in our study to build a protective shield of emotion display to keep them perceived as worthy individuals for leadership roles. 相似文献
6.
Abstract The attitudes of faculty members from four universities toward teaching, research and the associated reward system were studied through questionnaires. The survey generated 302 responses (i.e. 76.8% response rate) from two agricultural universities as well as two faculties of agriculture. Principal component analysis shows that attitudes toward teaching and research are multifaceted. Faculty members believe that teaching and research are mutually supportive, and represent the basic mission of the universities; the reward system influences teaching staff's participation in research, while both teaching and research offer satisfaction. Teaching and research are incompatible but have a positive affect on teaching. However, t-test analyses show that the faculty differ in the strength of their attitudes due to institutional affiliations and personal characteristics (such as gender, tenure, and rank). 相似文献
7.
Leanne Dzubinski 《Christian Higher Education》2018,17(3):123-138
An increasing number of published studies have drawn attention to gender disparities in various dimensions of Christian higher education. Although the majority of students on the campuses of member institutions of the Council for Christian Colleges & Universities (CCCU) are women, and the percentage of women holding faculty and administrative roles has increased, the male-normed environment of the academy continues to be evident in various ways, particularly in these Christian institutions. At the same time, higher education—and doctoral education in particular—is an important pathway to prepare future leaders and professors for Christian organizations. One potential way to begin to shift toward a more welcoming climate that benefits both men and women on CCCU campuses is to “foreground,” or make central, women's issues and concerns as part of regular classroom teaching. Such foregrounding can help counter the historic tendency to treat men's experience and concerns as normative for the human race. In the discipline of missiology, women make up the bulk of the practitioners yet are underrepresented as scholars, making it a pertinent field to challenge the neglect of women's voices and concerns in the academy. This article describes how a missiology classroom has been used to create a climate where women have opportunities to be central and where women's perspectives are treated as equally important as men's perspectives. To do this, I used three key practices: intentionally addressing gendered topics in mixed classes, offering selected single-sex education opportunities for women, and focusing on gender-related topics for research and publication. Using the discipline of missiology as a case study in relation to the importance of giving women's contributions to the field both recognition and voice may also offer transferable insights for doctoral faculty in other disciplines. 相似文献
8.
LALAGE BOWN 《Gender and education》1999,11(1):5-25
The study is an analysis of gender and power in British universities. It draws from a lifetime of experience of the difficulties encountered by those women who do reach senior decision-making positions in academic institutions, in the UK and overseas. It spans a period of forty years which begins with women as an unassimilated minority among student populations and moves to an analysis of their opportunities for shared control beneath the glass ceilings of the levels they attain as established academics. A survey of the incumbents of senior management roles in universities reveals few women. Fewer attain honorific positions. Suggesting that the observations made represent an improvement on the past, the paper presents two case studies of the implications of senior administrative work for academic women's professional lives. The first is of a small university weighted in favour of a narrow band of technological disciplines and the second a large mainstream university with many women staff. From here, commenting on external influences in Britain and elsewhere, the paper concludes by suggesting: ways in which women's leadership in academic institutions might be encouraged; the role of the professional bodies in monitoring and promoting this; and the learning required by women themselves to become effective as leaders for change once in position. 相似文献
9.
This paper develops a dialogical encounter between northern-inspired theorisations of gender and Vietnam's historical and cultural differentiation identified through the presence of matriarchy in ancient societies and its popularity in folklore and contemporary politics. The article draws on interviews with 12 senior women from 8 universities in Northern and Southern Vietnam. Three main themes are explored: (1) the Vietnamese woman as ‘general of the interior’; (2) the ‘woman behind the throne’; and (3) ‘behind a woman is another woman’. These themes illustrate the distinctiveness of a historically produced Vietnamese gender order as reflected in current university women's experience. By providing insights into the complex dynamics of Vietnamese women's ‘informal power’, as evident in both spheres of home and university, the paper presents a discussion of forms of Vietnamese femininity that contributes to re-theorising Connell's concepts of ‘hegemonic masculinity and emphasized femininity’. 相似文献
10.
This paper examines the career progress of female principals in Greek secondary schools and the under‐representation of women in management positions. Drawing on in‐depth interviews with six women principals in Athens, the paper considers the factors affecting women's participation in school management. The findings demonstrate that women are greatly under‐represented in secondary school management positions. The main reasons for this disadvantage are personal factors, covert discrimination, gender stereotypes and constraints experienced through their socially defined roles. 相似文献
11.
《Journal of Teaching in Social Work》2013,33(2):41-51
Recent research on women's ways of knowing points to many techniques for involving women students in the classroom. In addition, the out-of-classroom environment has very important implications for women's academic achievement. Suggestions for improving women's participation are considered. 相似文献
12.
《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(9-10):769-786
This feminist critique of articles published about women in the Journal of Community College Research and Practice from 1990 to 2000 considers the extent to which they use feminist literature, frameworks, and methodology. The authors interrogate these articles' findings and the implications drawn from them asking whether they serve feminist goals of social change, women's emancipation, and institutional transformation. The critique examined 15 women-centered articles and 11 articles that treated gender as a variable. The analysis illustrated how the application of feminist tools of inquiry can generate further insights about women's participation in the community college and calls for the empowerment of women as participants and researchers through more extensive integration of women's studies in graduate programs. 相似文献
13.
Higher education and women’s empowerment in Pakistan 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
This paper summarises the findings of a 2005 doctoral study by Malik which explored to what extent participation in higher education offers empowerment to women in Pakistan. A survey instrument was used to question female faculty members and female students from 10 public universities in Pakistan; 1290 students and 290 faculty members responded. Subsequently, semi‐structured interviews were held with 10 faculty members and 10 students. Respondents highlighted economic independence and an increased standing within family and society as the main benefits of higher education participation. A major finding is that participation in higher education enables women to impact on a number of discriminatory practices simultaneously and thereby effect change for the better. The main recommendation is that future educational strategies be developed with the aim of further promoting gender equality in all areas of education in Pakistan, but particularly with the aim of increasing female students’ participation in higher education. 相似文献
14.
FLIS HENWOOD 《Gender and education》1996,8(2):199-214
Since the launch of the Women into Science and Engineering (WISE) campaign in 1984, many initiatives to increase the participation of women in these areas of work have been launched under its banner and the WISE approach has come to represent the dominant discourse on equal opportunities for women in science and technology, having a major influence on both policy and practice. This article examines the WISE discourse in depth, arguing that WISE has had only very limited success because it is so narrowly focused on women's 'choices', which it understands as being constrained both by a lack of information about scientific and technological work and by a masculine image of science and technology which, it infers, is alienating to women. Drawing on empirical research which examined both women's and men's occupational decision-making processes, this article takes issue with this construction of the problem, arguing that whilst the assumptions of the WISE discourse cannot be supported empirically, the discourse itself nevertheless continues to structure and limit the space women have to speak of the conflicts and contradictions they experience, explanations for which require a better understanding of the ways in which subjective experiences of both gender and sexuality impinge upon work choices. 相似文献
15.
Tess Moeke-Maxwell 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2005,26(4):497-510
This paper examines the exclusion of bi/multiracial Maori women from dominant representations of Maori women's identity and engages with a new articulation of Maori women's difference through a narrative of cultural hybridity. Through a study of key texts on the history of New Zealand and dominant articulations describing Maori nationalists’ efforts to invoke equality for Maori during the 1970s and 1980s, I exemplify how an essentialist Maori women's identity was promoted within Maori nationalist appeals to bicultural nationalism. I argue that current articulations of Maori women's identity do not include an analysis of race, gender, and class, nor the way they operate simultaneously to position the bi-multi racial woman discursively in the nation today. Twenty women who position themselves as bi/multiracial were interviewed and their stories show how the raced and gendered body must be reinstated within articulations of Maori women's identity through situating corporeal difference within discussions on their subjectivity and related marginalization. 相似文献
16.
The purpose of this paper is to explore the literature on the status of women's health behavior and the benefits of physical activity using Self-Determination Theory (SDT) as an organizing framewrok for syntbcsizing and interpreing the extant research. The Health Belief Model and the Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change) are included in that framework. Women's physical activity behaviors are examined through the lens of SDT with the intention of identifying strategies to design theoretically based intervention programs to increase women's participation in physical activity. Interventions that have been succcessful in modifying exercise behavior in women have been characterzed as individualized, flexible, and tailored to meet women's specific needs. SDT can be used to direct future research by investigating how autonomy, relatedness, and competence can be incorporate in program to increase women's self-determination with regard to heir physical activity and ultimately facilitate internalized, intrinsic motivation leading to loag-term behavior change 相似文献
17.
DIANE REAY 《Gender and education》2003,15(3):301-317
This article looks at the experiences of a small, qualitative sample of 12 working-class women attending an Access course in a large, inner-city further education college. The risks and costs involved in making the transition to higher education were evident in the women's narratives, and both material and cultural factors inhibiting their access to higher education are examined. The desire to 'give something back' which motivated all these women's attempts to move into higher education is discussed. The women were either juggling extensive labour market commitments or childcare and domestic responsibilities with studying. In such circumstances, when any sort of social life is sacrificed, what becomes visible is time poverty, and, in particular, a lack of time for 'care of the self'. Six of the women were lone mothers and it is further argued that complexities of marital status intersect with, and compound, the consequences of class. Beck's thesis of individualisation is used as a backdrop to the women's stories in order to highlight the costs of individualisation for the working classes, but also to problematise the discrepancies and disjunctures between projects of the self and the women's experiences of returning to education. The article concludes with an exploration of the consequences of a policy of widening access and participation for working-class mature women and suggests that, while currently all the change and transformation are seen to be the responsibility of the individual applicant, universities, especially those in the pre-1992 sector, need to change if they are to provide positive experiences for non-traditional students like the women in this study. 相似文献
18.
基于35所“双一流”建设高校的教师调查数据,根据近似性理论和社会网络理论分析海归教师的海外和本土二元学术网络特征,考察海外流动的学术网络构建作用。研究发现,海外流动对海外和本土学术网络产生相反的影响,海外流动经历显著优化了海归教师的海外学术网络规模、关系强度和网络顶端,但显著降低了本土学术网络关系强度。不同类型的海外流动对学术网络构建的影响作用存在差异,海外博士/工作流动对海外学术网络的优化作用和对本土学术网络的削弱作用最大,其次是海外博士留学,最后是海外工作流动。不同回国阶段海归教师的二元学术网络特征存在显著差异,随着回国时间的推移,海归教师的海外学术网络优势逐渐下降,本土学术网络劣势有所修复。高校应充分利用海归教师的跨国社会资本优势提升中国高等教育的国际化水平,并促进海归教师尽快融入本土学术圈。 相似文献
19.
Tengteng Zhuang 《Cambridge Journal of Education》2020,50(5):639-656
ABSTRACT This paper investigates the power landscapes within Chinese universities, against the larger backdrop of China’s attempt to build modern university governance systems for developing world-class universities. Drawing upon Fairclough’s three-dimensional conceptions of discourse and informed by Pierre Bourdieu’s key conceptual notions of field and capital, the paper provides a critical discourse analysis of statutes of 10 top Chinese universities in terms of their texts, discursive practices and social practices and thus analyses existing power relations. The statute texts construct a hierarchical field of power by wording the ‘core’ stakeholder Party Committee as the leadership, using content sequence as a measure of power ranking, and including only limited stakeholders in the joint governance mechanism. Regarding discursive practices, faculty members’ participation in the formulation and distribution of university statutes is insufficient. The social practices identify with statute texts in terms of power relationships between Party Committee members, administrators and academics. 相似文献
20.
The purpose of this paper is to understand historically and contextually the well-being and agency of selected female teachers in Turkey. The paper develops a justice model based on the capability approach to build on the relation between freedom and equality, and to take gender and cultural diversity as a key element. The research draws on results from in-depth biographical narratives of 15 participants from west Turkey, examining the real freedoms and opportunities of three different generations of female teachers through constructing a gendered look into women's lives. The study begins by developing a framework linking women's opportunities and freedoms drawing its normative compass from Martha Nussbaum's capabilities approach. It explores how female teachers’ well-being can be understood in relation to key capabilities that individuals, communities and society have reason to value and how these capabilities and functionings can be expanded or constrained. The paper argues for the significance of thinking about capabilities in the professional lives of teachers who work for social change. Through a historical and generational sequence, it captures the egalitarian aspects of the capability approach, and strengthens its emphasis on freedoms of women. The findings of this enquiry indicate that there are persistent economic, cultural, ethnical, structural and gendered inequalities in women's lives, but that women also have agency to bring changes in their lives and through their teaching. 相似文献