共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
本文对国内关于注意缺陷多动障碍儿童工作记忆研究的20篇期刊论文进行了文献计量分析.研究论文总体数量较少,研究方法以实验为主,研究内容主要包括注意缺陷多动障碍儿童与正常儿童工作记忆能力比较研究、不同类型注意缺陷多动障碍儿童工作记忆能力比较研究以及注意缺陷多动障碍儿童工作记忆能力干预研究.研究结果表明,注意缺陷多动症儿童的工作记忆存在缺陷,这种缺陷与注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的脑机制异常有关.不同类型的多动症儿童工作记忆能力受损的程度不同.哌甲酯控释剂能够有效改善和提高注意缺陷多动障碍儿童工作记忆能力.注意缺陷多动障碍儿童工作记忆的训练研究将会成为日后该领域在我国研究的一大趋势. 相似文献
2.
工作记忆与学习能力的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
工作记忆是一种对信息进行暂时加工和贮存的能量有限的记忆系统,工作记忆通过阅读理解、写作和数学问题解决而影响学生的学习能力。语音回路对阅读的影响更多地体现在复杂句子结构的理解上,中央执行功能在语言意义的加工过程中起着更大的作用,写作能力的逐步完善与工作记忆能力的增长密不可分,工作记忆的三个成分对简单和复杂数学问题解决都产生重要影响。 相似文献
3.
工作记忆是执行认知任务时所涉及的一个对所需信息进行临时保持及操作的系统,它能同时储存和加工信息,其工作记忆容量有限。阅读理解是一个复杂的认知过程,是在头脑中形成语言描述的情境,用推理等活动揭示语言材料意义的过程。个体工作记忆阅读广度的差异反映了阅读能力的差异。只有进一步认识工作记忆的个体差异对阅读理解的影响,才能更好地发挥工作记忆对阅读理解的促进作用。 相似文献
4.
中学生的阅读理解能力与工作记忆的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
井世洁 《宁波大学学报(教育科学版)》2003,25(4):26-29
该研究通过对高低阅读理解能力中学生在不同加工难度下的工作记忆容量进行测量后发现：第一，随加工难度的提高，中学生的工作记忆容量呈下降趋势，其中低阅读能力被试工作记忆容量的下降更为显著；第二，工作记忆容量能够预测阅读理解的水平，而且，高一学生的阅读理解能力对高加工难度下的工作记忆容量的依赖更大。 相似文献
5.
工作记忆是指信息暂时存贮及其与其它更为复杂任务联合运作的系统。在口译活动中,工作记忆负责对即时性信息的存储与加工。本研究以某高校英语专业高年级学生为研究对象,旨在探讨英汉交替传译过程中,工作记忆能力对译员口译质量的影响。本文根据国际通用的阅读广度测试来衡量被试的工作记忆能力,并对被试进行英汉交替传译测试,以各种参数衡量被试在信息完整性以及术语与数字准确性方面的表现。之后,利用统计软件对二者进行比较。结果发现,被试工作记忆广度与英汉交替传译质量在信息完整度、术语与数字准确性方面存在正相关关系。 相似文献
6.
发展性计算障碍研究述评 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
发展性计算障碍研究越来越受到研究者的关注,已有研究发展性计算障碍的诊断、病因及其与工作记忆之间的关系等方面取得了丰硕的成果.但是,已有研究在被试的同质性、被试的代表性、控制组的设置问题以及数字加工和计算能力的测量等问题上还存在着一定的问题,需要进一步改进. 相似文献
7.
阅读预期对不同阅读策略特点聋人大学生快速阅读影响的眼动研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以聋人大学生为被试,采用眼动追踪技术,考察了阅读提示对不同类型聋入学生自然阅读和快速阅读的影响.结果表明,不同阅读策略运用倾向的聋人学生在阅读过程中表现出不同的眼动模式.高阅读策略运用组学生对阅读材料的注视次数少、眼跳距离大,而且回视次数也少;较之低策略组聋人学生,高策略组学生被试表现出更强的对阅读材料的预期推理能力(自上而下加工的能力);阅读预期是影响快速阅读的重要因素和变量之一. 相似文献
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9.
中央执行性系统作为工作记忆的核心成分,主要负责工作记忆中的控制性加工,在工作记忆中起着关键的作用;中央执行系统是可分离的,转换、刷新和抑制是三种相对独立的中央执行功能,分别起着不同的作用;认知神经科学关于工作记忆的研究表明,工作记忆的执行功能主要由前额叶调控,P300是反映中央执行系统功能的典型ERP成分;对工作记忆中央执行性系统概念的辨析、相关研究范式的改进以及中央执行系统的训练将成为该领域研究的重点. 相似文献
10.
《赤峰学院学报(自然科学版)》2016,(15)
为了考察数字加工效应会不会受到工作记忆广度的影响.主要以大学生为研究对象,先区分出高低工作记忆广度的被试,高工作记忆广度与低工作记忆广度的被试对数字进行大小判断.结果发现:低工作记忆广度被试,明显的距离效应主要体现在对小数字的加工认知上,而对大数字的加工上不存在明显的距离效应,在高工作记忆广度条件下,对数字的加工均表现出显著的距离效应. 相似文献
11.
The development of working memory in normally achieving and subtypes of learning disabled children 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
Working memory has been proposed as an important component of reading and arithmetic skills. The development of working memory was studied in normally achieving and subtypes of learning disabled children. The performance of reading disabled (RD), arithmetic disabled (ARITHD), and attentional deficit disordered (ADD) children, age 7-13, was compared to normal achievers (NA) on 2 working memory tasks, 1 involving sentences and the other involving counting. There was a significant growth of working memory as a function of age. In addition, the RD children had significantly lower scores on both tasks. The ARITHD children had significantly lower scores only on the Working Memory--Counting task, and the ADD group had scores similar to the normally achieving children except at the youngest age level in the Working Memory--Sentences task. Thus, a reading disability appears to involve a generalized deficit in working memory. Children with an arithmetic disability do not have a generalized language deficit but have a specific working memory deficit in relation to processing numerical information. As children with ADD did not have deficits in these tasks, working memory may not have significant attentional components. An important component of the development of reading and computational arithmetic skills appears to be the growth of working memory for language and numerical information. 相似文献
12.
The Relations Between Children’s Reading Comprehension, Working Memory, Language Skills and Components of Reading Decoding in a Normal Sample 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The primary aim of the current study was to identify the strongest independent predictors of reading comprehension using word
reading, language and memory variables in a normal sample of 180 children in grades 3–5, with a range of word reading skills.
It was hypothesized that orthographic processing, receptive vocabulary and verbal working memory would all make independent
contributions to reading comprehension. The contributions of reading speed, receptive grammatical skills, exposure to print,
visuospatial working memory and verbal learning and retrieval (a measure of longer-term retention) were also investigated.
Working memory tasks that required the processing and storage of numerical and spatial material were used. One of the numerical
working memory tasks was based on the number span task developed by Yuill, Oakhill, and Parkin British Journal of Psychology, 1989, 80, 351–361. A visuospatial equivalent of that task was developed from the forward Corsi block task [Corsi, Abstracts International, 1973, 34, 891]. The results revealed that, after controlling for age and general intellectual ability, the word reading and the language
variables had a much stronger relation with reading comprehension than the memory variables. The strongest independent predictor
of reading comprehension was orthographic processing since it captured variance in both word reading, language skills and
verbal working memory. The forward Corsi task and performance on a measure of verbal learning and retrieval each made small
independent contributions to reading comprehension but the contribution of verbal working memory was not significant. It was
concluded that tasks measuring the interplay between short-term and long-term memory, in which new information is combined
with information already stored in long-term memory, may better predict reading comprehension measured with the text available
than working memory tasks which only have a short-term memory component. 相似文献
13.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relations of various cognitive abilities and aspects of math performance with computational estimation skill among third graders. Students (n= 315) were assessed on language, nonverbal reasoning, concept formation, processing speed, long‐term memory, working memory, inattentive behavior, basic reading skill, arithmetic number combination skill, double‐digit computation skill, and computational estimation ability. One‐way analysis of variance indicated significant differences in estimation skill among students of low, average, and high math computation performance. The unique predictors of estimation skill were arithmetic number combination skill, nonverbal reasoning, concept formation, working memory, and inattentive behavior. 相似文献
14.
This study investigated whether different types of ordering skills were related to mathematics achievement in children (n = 100) in middle childhood, after the effects of age, socio-economic status, IQ, and processing speed were taken into account. The relations between ordering skills and magnitude processing were also investigated, as well as the possibility that some of the shared variance between math and reading is explained by ordering abilities. The ordering tasks included the ordering of familiar numerical and non-numerical sequences, a parental report of children’s everyday ordering skills, and an order working memory task. Three magnitude processing tasks (symbolic and non-symbolic comparison and number line estimation), were also administered, as well as measures of inhibition and spatial working memory. From this set of measures, number ordering, order working memory and number line estimation emerged as the most important predictors of mathematics skills. We found that number ordering mediated the effect of both symbolic and non-symbolic comparison skills on mathematics, further confirming that this task captures some essential skills related to mathematics. Additionally, order working memory mediated the effect of both number comparison and reading skills on math. Finally, whereas non-symbolic comparison and number line estimation are considered important indicators of magnitude processing skills, there was no relationship between these abilities, but there was a correlation between each of these abilities and reading skills, with number line estimation also mediating the effect of reading skills on math. These novel findings could contribute to a better understanding of the basic processes underlying math ability, and why math and reading are strongly related in typical populations and in children with learning difficulties. 相似文献
15.
Conventional research methods for understanding sources of individual differences in word-problem solving (WPS) only permit estimation of average relations between component processes and outcomes. The purpose of the present study was instead to examine whether and if so how the component processes engaged in WPS differ along the spectrum of WPS performance. Second graders (N = 1130) from 126 classrooms in 17 schools were assessed on component processes (reasoning, in-class attentive behavior, working memory, language comprehension, calculation fluency, word reading) and WPS. Multilevel, unconditional quantile multiple regression indicated that 3 component processes, calculation fluency, language comprehension, and working memory, are engaged in WPS differentially depending on students’ overall word-problem skill. The role of calculation fluency and language comprehension was stronger with more competent word-problem solving ability. By contrast, the role of working memory was stronger with intermediate-level than for strong problem solving. Results deepen insight into the role of these processes in WPS and provide the basis for hypothesizing how instructional strategies may be differentiated depending on students’ overall level of WPS competence. 相似文献
16.
Francesca Pazzaglia Cristina Toso Stefano Cacciamani 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2008,39(1):110-124
Many models have hypothesized that multimedia comprehension requires the concurrent processing of verbal and visuospatial information by limited information processing systems. However, in spite of the emphasis devoted to the concurrent processing of verbal and visuospatial information, little research has so far investigated the specific role played by verbal and visuospatial abilities in multimedia comprehension. The present paper aims to study the specific involvement of verbal and visuospatial working memory in multimedia learning. Ninety‐two students (39 boys and 53 girls) from a middle school in a small city in the northeast of Italy, were asked to learn new information on the physical and social geography of Germany from a hypermedium. Participants were also required to perform a reading comprehension test, two short‐term memory tasks, and two working memory tasks, which assessed either verbal or visuospatial memory. The results support the hypothesis that both verbal and visuospatial working memory sub‐components play a role in hypermedium processing, but with specific and distinct functions: the performance in the verbal working memory task was able to predict the semantic knowledge children can derive from hypermedia learning. In contrast, visuospatial working memory seemed to have lower connections to the semantic knowledge children derived from a hypermedia document, whereas its role emerged in the ability to construct a representation of the document structure. 相似文献
17.
In this study, 180 Norwegian fifth‐grade students with a mean age of 10.5 years were administered measures of word recognition skills, strategic text processing, reading motivation and working memory. Six months later, the same students were given three different multiple‐choice reading comprehension measures. Based on three forced‐order hierarchical multiple regression analyses, results indicated that the unique contribution of measured skills and processes to performance varied across comprehension tests. In particular, when the test consisted of a longer passage, contained a larger proportion of inferential questions and was answered without access to relevant text passages, the relative importance of word recognition skills seemed to be reduced while working memory emerged as a relatively strong, unique positive predictor of comprehension performance. These findings have important practical implications for the assessment of reading comprehension. 相似文献
18.
综述了近五年来国内外工作记忆与阅读的相关研究,梳理了工作记忆广度测试的分类和方法。近五年的研究表明,工作记忆与阅读理解能力存在显著的正相关,高工作记忆容量的个体无论在字面意思理解方面还是在推理理解方面都强于低容量者。关于资源分享模型和任务转换假设,有些研究者做了实证研究,但仍有待进一步证实。 相似文献