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1.
美国教育充足财政政策的实践:专业评估的视角 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
教育公平发展的政策突破点之一为财政政策,使学生达到某种最低程度教育标准的财政政策就是教育充足财政政策。基于专业评估办法,如果没有市场因素可言,则将市场价值与教育充足投入有关部分相联系,推导其价格;如果存在市场意义的供给与需求,则根据市场规则确定价格,从而制定促进公平的教育充足财政政策。 相似文献
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新中国成立以来,我国中职学生资助政策随着国家政治、经济、文化发展而不断进行调整和完善,其价值取向历经从社会本位向学生本位的转向、从注重数量到关注质量的转变、从效率优先到教育公平的回归的演进路径,彰显出“以人为本、全面发展”“公平优先、兼顾效率”“追求充足、致力保障”的基本特征。展望未来,我国中职学生资助政策应以保障相对贫困学生教育公平为基本价值取向,以促进学生学业发展为重要价值取向,以立德树人为根本价值取向,引领新时代中国特色社会主义中职学生资助政策体系创新、改进与完善,促进中等职业教育高质量发展。 相似文献
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追求教育公平是基础教育发展的政策目标之一,财政政策是教育公平发展的核心政策。美国教育财政政策调整与变革中投射出理念与实践的创新,其早期教育财政诉讼强调平等,要么提高贫穷地区的教育经费,要么降低富裕地区的教育经费,或者二者兼施,随后诉讼逐步出现从公平到充足的转向,实践中,主要采用统计分析、经验观察、专业评估等模式,制定教育充足财政政策。充足财政政策是由教育结果引导的政策,基于教育标准对政策效果进行评价,同时也是教育公平发展新形势下的财政政策创新。 相似文献
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国际社会促进教育公平的实践及其对我国的启示 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
北京教育科学研究院课题组 《教育科学研究》2009,(7)
国际社会关于教育公平的基本理念强调儿童享有平等的受教育权,关注缩小教育差距,倡导提供"有质量的全民教育".国际社会推进教育公平的政策与实践主要包括:借助立法与执法手段保障教育公平;确保公共教育资源的公正分配与高效管理;关注社会弱势群体和农村人口的教育;对于特殊需求群体教育施行保障性倾斜,兼顾公平与效率;提高教师队伍的专业能力;结合影响教育质量的重要因素,制定政策及教育公平评估框架和指标;应用政府干预与市场机制,发挥社会监督作用.促进我国义务教育阶段教育公平的政策与实践建议有:以教育公平作为教育持续发展的政策价值取向;保障义务教育经费投入,不断提高资源利用效益;扎实推进课程改革,优化教学过程,实践有利于学生学业进步的评价制度;均衡配置师资资源,提高教师教学专业能力;开展创新意识与创新能力教育探索,为培养拔尖创新人才奠定基础. 相似文献
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有关美国教育财政充足的讨论起源于20世纪80年代末出现的财政充足诉讼案,在法院、政策制定者和学者中间引起了广泛的关注。从此,教育财政的焦点由公平开始转向充足。美国有关教育财政充足的研究已经走过了近20年的发展历程,本文对教育财政充足的兴起原因、定义以及测算方法进行了简要评述。 相似文献
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《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2011,(2):125
2011年3月9日,教育学部跨学科学术沙龙第一期在英东楼318会议室顺利举行。此次活动主讲人为北京师范大学中国教育政策研究院薛二勇博士,他主讲的题目为"教育公平发展的财政政策创新——美国教育充足诉讼中的政策改革与调整"。他在报告中指出了教育公平问题与社会和谐的相关程度很高,分 相似文献
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教育公平的测度:内容与原则 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对教育公平的深入研究必然涉及对其测度的研究.教育公平测度关注的群体通常有儿童、纳税人、各级教育主管部门、教职员工,对教育公平测度的研究几乎都集中在对教育的起点、过程、结果及其影响所涉及的各群体之间的相互关系的不同理解与证实上.教育公平及其测度的基本原则为机会均等、财政中立、水平公平、垂直公平和充足性. 相似文献
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《赣南师范学院学报》2021,(4):69-73
通过对改革开放40余年来研究生资助政策的分析,透视出研究生资助政策在其演变过程中所遵循的价值取向演进路径,即从社会本位向学生本位转变、从教育公平优先向教育公平与效率兼顾转变、从保障生活向保障生活与促进发展兼顾转变。我国研究生资助政策呈现出"精准资助""资助育人""追求充足"的特点。对我国研究生资助政策价值取向进行展望:一是以进一步提高资助公平为导向进行资助政策改革;二是以提高资助效率为导向进行内部资助结构调整;三是以服务国家发展战略为导向进行科研资助政策创新。 相似文献
9.
决策的木桶原理在于解决资源配置瓶颈问题。穷人教育学是基于“木桶原理”的经济决策到教育决策的延伸,旨在达到教育公平。因此,设计公平的教育政策是木桶原理对教育政策的诉求。以教育财政政策为例,从完全平等的原则与能力公平的原则设计教育政策,在教育服务的充足性、教育资源的配置效率和公正性方面,从横向与纵向教育资源分配上考虑教育产品的属性与提供的公平性以达到教育的均衡。 相似文献
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艾友林 《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》2013,12(1):124-127
实施均衡教育,促进教育公平,是国家基本的教育政策,是新时期我国教育的重要目标。提高教育质量、注重内涵与特色发展已成为教育改革与发展的核心任务。高中教育逐渐普及对高中教育均衡发展与教育公平提出了现实要求。实行均衡分班,教师均衡搭配,为师生建立起一个公平竞争的起点。高中教育追求实质公平,必须满足不同潜质学生的多样化需要,既要关注学生的基本需求,也要为天赋不同的学生提供张扬个性的生长点,让发展程度不同的学生都得到自己最好的发展,实现多元化教育目标。 相似文献
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高等教育成本回收对公平的影响 总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26
本文简述了中国实行高等教育成本回收政策的发展历程 ,并讨论了这一政策对公平的影响。结果表明 :第一 ,招生并轨使社会经济地位低的学生获得了更公平的接受高等教育的机会 ,但成本回收在一定程度上抵消了并轨所带来的公平效应 ;第二 ,在实行成本回收的条件下 ,由于不同收入家庭学生选择高校与专业的倾向性不同 ,使低收入家庭学生在高等教育公共资助的分配中处于更为不利的地位 ;第三 ,实行高等教育成本回收能够促进整个教育系统中公共资源配置的结构公平 相似文献
12.
Tim Pitman 《Cambridge Journal of Education》2015,45(2):281-293
Attempts to make higher education more equitable more readily succeed at the aggregate (sector) level than at the institutional, with students from disadvantaged groups being overrepresented in low-status institutions. It is suggested that this is because policies of ‘fairness’ (i.e. proportional representation) dominate the contemporary policy framework and are strongly resisted by elite universities. However, using the Australian higher education sector as an example, this paper argues that equity policy is actually a mix of ‘proportional fairness’ and ‘inclusion’ and elite institutions resist not because the policy is deficient but because it might actually work. An alternative approach to higher education equity policy is proposed; one which requires elite institutions to engage meaningfully with disadvantaged students but allows them to retain their status advantage. 相似文献
13.
耿乐乐 《华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)》2022,(1):60-73
基础教育生均经费支出的公平性影响着教育过程公平和教育结果公平。文章基于1995—2018年基础教育生均经费支出数据和在校生数据,通过计算Gini系数和Theil指数测算了中国基础教育生均经费支出公平性的变化规律。研究发现,1995—2018年中国基础教育生均经费支出公平性总体上处于"比较公平"和"相对合理"水平,且整体上更加公平了;基础教育生均经费支出的省际差异大于区域差异;东部地区基础教育生均经费支出省际差异较大,公平程度较低;全国高中生均经费支出的公平性有降低的趋势。基于以上研究发现,文章提出了相关政策建议。 相似文献
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Kira Clarke John Polesel 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2013,34(2):259-273
The re-shaping of the Australian senior secondary landscape in recent years and the emergence of a new space for vocational knowledge within Australian senior secondary certificates of education have been underpinned by a national focus on raising retention rates and achieving Year 12 or equivalent attainment rates in the context of a diversifying senior secondary cohort, and on delivering effective training to meet the skills needs of the growing economy. Absent from this policy agenda is a focus on the efficacy of the expanding vocational education and training (VET) in Schools. At the core of this discussion are the impacts of ongoing tensions between the instrumentalist labour market role of VET in Schools programmes and the expectation that an equitable senior secondary landscape should respond to the education and training needs of all students. Despite rapid growth, low achievers and socioeconomically disadvantaged learners remain the dominant participants in VET in Schools programmes, and pathways for these students into post-school education and training or full-time employment remain weak. This paper draws on the views of students, teachers, and policy-makers to examine the ways in which vocational programmes are delivered within the different curricular contexts of VET in Schools across Australian senior secondary education systems. 相似文献
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任子雄 《四川教育学院学报》2012,28(6):15-18
贫困大学生由于经济资本、文化资本和社会资本的匮乏,在利用学校各种显性和隐性的教育资源中处于不利地位,这使得现实中的贫困大学生受教育过程公平问题有所凸显。对此,国家、社会、学校及学生本人都应有所认识并采取积极措施,最大限度达到包括过程公平在内的整体教育公平。 相似文献
17.
Glenn C. Savage 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2013,34(2):185-201
The term equity is ubiquitous in Australian education policy and evolves amidst ongoing debates about what it means to be fair in education. Over the past three decades, meanings and practices associated with equity have reflected broader shifts in advanced liberal governance, with equity being reframed as a ‘market-enhancing’ mechanism and melted into economic productivity agendas. In this paper, I argue that an emerging, yet, under-examined policy tension is the view that secondary schools are capable of being equitable, whilst simultaneously acting as adaptive service providers, tailoring education to different students and local markets. A dilemma here is whether or not schools should ‘tailor equity’ or whether tailoring equity is indeed antithetical to equity in so far as it implies unequal provision. To explore this tension, I draw upon fieldwork from ethnographic research in two socially and economically disparate government secondary schools in suburban Melbourne, Australia. In doing so, I explore how equity is enacted and governed by educators, how forms of equity at each school relate to versions of equity in policy and the extent to which each school tailors equity to its local community. 相似文献
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Kristen R. Stephens 《Psychology in the schools》2020,57(10):1640-1651
Education laws and policies serve to guide the way programs and services are implemented in schools. The transition from law or policy to implementation can be fraught with complications that impact the education system across many levels. According to Viennet and Pont (2017), one of the areas that can either hinder or support the transition from policy to practice is “inclusive stakeholder engagement” (p. 3). School psychologists are an important stakeholder in the education system thus they should have familiarity with gifted education policy to ensure students are being served appropriately—both academically and socio-emotionally. This article will introduce school psychologists to (a) federal and state laws impacting gifted students, (b) the role litigation, due process, and research has in shaping policy, and (c) relevant gifted education policy considerations. 相似文献
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《Critical Studies in Education》2013,54(3):261-275
A key assumption of equity policies in Australia, as in many countries, is that pathways from lower-status, vocationally oriented ‘second’ tiers of tertiary education to ‘first’ tier higher education are able to act as an equity mechanism. This is because students from low socio-economic backgrounds are over-represented in former and underrepresented in the latter. The assumption that pathways support equity is tested in this paper through an analysis of the socio-economic profile and institutional destination of student transfers from vocational education and training to higher education in Australia. It finds that educational pathways deepen participation in education by existing social groups but do not effectively widen participation for groups that do not have equitable access. This is as a consequence of the hierarchical structuring of qualifications within VET as well as in higher education. 相似文献