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描述和评价了社会网络分析在团队运动表现中的应用情况。研究采用引文追溯法对文献进行检索,共进行5轮,检索引文3 698篇,最终有74篇文献纳入研究。研究显示,社会网络分析在团队运动表现中的应用是一个新兴现象,相关研究呈现出快速发展的趋势。在已有的实证研究中,将团队运动中的互动行为概念化为一个网络,并从宏观、中观和微观的视角分别概述了网络结构对认识团队运动互动行为的有用见解,验证了社会网络分析在足球等8个不同团队运动中应用的可行性。社会网络分析作为传统运动标注分析的补充被证明是一种有效的研究工具,改变了原有方法将比赛事件从比赛环境中独立出来的研究范式。在对球员互动结构静态属性分析的基础上,未来研究应进一步深入讨论这种互动结构的动态属性,以及多重网络对团队表现的影响。 相似文献
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描述和评价了社会网络分析在团队运动表现中的应用情况。研究采用引文追溯法对文献进行检索,共进行5轮,检索引文3 698篇,最终有74篇文献纳入研究。研究显示,社会网络分析在团队运动表现中的应用是一个新兴现象,相关研究呈现出快速发展的趋势。在已有的实证研究中,将团队运动中的互动行为概念化为一个网络,并从宏观、中观和微观的视角分别概述了网络结构对认识团队运动互动行为的有用见解,验证了社会网络分析在足球等8个不同团队运动中应用的可行性。社会网络分析作为传统运动标注分析的补充被证明是一种有效的研究工具,改变了原有方法将比赛事件从比赛环境中独立出来的研究范式。在对球员互动结构静态属性分析的基础上,未来研究应进一步深入讨论这种互动结构的动态属性,以及多重网络对团队表现的影响。 相似文献
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Cláudio Farias Isabel Mesquita Peter A. Hastie Toni O’Donovan 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2018,89(1):91-102
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide an integrated analysis of a teacher’s peer-teaching mediation strategies, the student-coaches’ instruction, and the students’ gameplay development across 3 consecutive seasons of sport education. Method: Twenty-six 7th-grade students participated in 3 consecutive sport education seasons of invasion games (basketball, handball, and soccer). The research involved 3 action research cycles, 1 per season, and each cycle included the processes of planning, acting and monitoring, reflecting, and fact finding. Data collection consisted of videotape and audiotape records of all 47 lessons, a reflective field diary kept by the first author in the role of teacher-researcher, and a total of 24 semistructured focus-group interviews. Trustworthiness criteria for assuring the quality of qualitative research included extensive data triangulation, stakeholders’ crosschecking, and collaborative interpretational analysis. Results: Through the application of systematic preparation strategies, student-coaches were able to successfully conduct team instruction that resulted in students’ tactical development and improved performance. Aspects such as the study of predominant configurations of players’ gameplay and similar tactical principles across games within the same category prevented a setback in the complexity of the learning content addressed at the beginning of each season. Players also showed an increasing ability to adapt gameplay to game conditions. Conclusions: While sport education has the capacity to develop competent players, different levels of teacher guidance and learners’ instructional responsibility are necessary when teaching tactics. 相似文献
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本研究从集体性体育游戏项目特点入手,基于大学生团队意识现状、大学生参加集体性体育游戏项目后的认识的基础上,提出通过以集体性体育游戏项目培养团队归属感增强责任意识、提高大学生团队意识教育培养体系。 相似文献
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从运动员行为的博弈分析看激励机制的完善 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对体育比赛中运动员行为的博弈分析,说明目前运动员激励机制的不足.认为对运动员管理必须引进竞争性激励机制,使个人利益与集体利益结合起来,合理分配,最大限度地发挥每个队员的潜力,使运动队竞技水平发挥到最佳状态. 相似文献
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B. Gonçalves R. Marcelino L. Torres-Ronda C. Torrents J. Sampaio 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(14):1346-1354
ABSTRACTOptimizing collective behaviour helps to increase performance in mutual tasks. In team sports settings, the small-sided games (SSG) have been used as key context tools to stress out the players’ awareness about their in-game required behaviours. Research has mostly described these behaviours when confronting teams have the same number of players, disregarding the frequent situations of low and high inequality. This study compared the players’ positioning dynamics when manipulating the number of opponents and teammates during professional and amateur football SSG. The participants played 4v3, 4v5 and 4v7 games, where one team was confronted with low-superiority, low- and high-inferiority situations, and their opponents with low-, medium- and high-cooperation situations. Positional data were used to calculate effective playing space and distances from each player to team centroid, opponent team centroid and nearest opponent. Outcomes suggested that increasing the number of opponents in professional teams resulted in moderate/large decrease in approximate entropy (ApEn) values to both distance to team and opponent team centroid (i.e., the variables present higher regularity/predictability pattern). In low-cooperation game scenarios, the ApEn in amateurs’ tactical variables presented a moderate/large increase. The professional teams presented an increase in the distance to nearest opponent with the increase of the cooperation level. Increasing the number of opponents was effective to overemphasise the need to use local information in the positioning decision-making process from professionals. Conversely, amateur still rely on external informational feedback. Increasing the cooperation promoted more regularity in spatial organisation in amateurs and emphasise their players’ local perceptions. 相似文献
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篮球运动作为集体项目,全队的整体战术配合是这项运动的重要组成部分。通过28届奥运会男篮决赛前4名队伍阵地进攻战术的分析与研究,从中可以对现代男子篮球高水平队伍的阵地进攻战术的特点有比较深入的了解,同时也可对世界男子篮球进攻战术发展的现状和总体趋势形成一种理性的认识。 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThis study’s main objective is to analyse the relationship between network-based centrality measures and physical demands in elite football players. Thirty-six matches from La Liga, the Spanish league, were analysed in the 2017/18 season. The analysis of networks formed by team players passing the ball included: degree-prestige (DP), degree-centrality (DC), betweenness-centrality (BC), page-rank (PRP) and closeness-centrality (IRCC). A video-based system was used for analysing total distance (TDpos) and distance run >21Km/h (TD21pos) when the team was in possession of the ball. A magnitude-based inference and correlation analysis were applied. There were different styles of play, team-A was characterized by greater ball circulation (e.g. higher values of DP, DC, BC and IRCC) while team-B used a more direct game (lower values in centrality-metrics except with PRP). Furthermore, TDpos was higher in team-A than in team-B, but those differences disappeared for TD21pos between teams with the exception of the forwards. Finally, the correlation among centrality measures and physical performance were higher in team-B. Coaches could identify the key opponents and players who are linked to them, allowing to adjust performance strategies. Furthermore, interaction patterns between teammates can be used to identify preferential paths of cooperation and to take decisions regarding these relations in order to optimize team performance. 相似文献
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以中超联赛2014-2017赛季的技战术指标采集大数据为研究基础,运用因子分析、回归分析等统计方法,构建球队比赛表现分析模型,找出决定中超球队实力的关键性技战术要素,探讨技战术指标不同的序列组合与赛季成绩的相关关系,深度分析中超球队技战术表现的发展变化规律,为球队实力评价、比赛结果预测和技战术水平改善提供量化支持。结果显示：（1）中超球队比赛表现分析模型包含组织能力、传中能力、前场任意球、进攻效率、防守效率、把握机会能力、控球、转移、界外球、犯规、抢截球等维度;（2）局部加权线性回归的拟合程度好,模型的适用性广;（3）中超球队技战术水平整体呈现逐年下降趋势,无论优势球队还是降级球队,传中能力、把握得分机会和转移等核心竞争能力不同程度下滑;上游球队间的技战术水平差距缩小;犯规战术对下游球队适度有效。 相似文献
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Abstract There have been considerable changes in equipment design and movement patterns in the past few years both in alpine skiing and ski-jumping. These developments have been matched by methods of analysing movements in field conditions. They have yielded new insights into the skills of these specific winter sports. Analytical techniques have included electromyography, kinetic and kinematic methods and computer simulations. Our aim here is to review biomechanical research in alpine skiing and ski-jumping. We present in detail the techniques currently used in alpine skiing (carving technique) and ski-jumping (V-technique), primarily using data from the authors’ own research. Finally, we present a summary of the most important results in biomechanical research both in alpine skiing and ski-jumping. This includes an analysis of specific conditions in alpine skiing (type of turn, terrain, snow, speed, etc.) and the effects of equipment, materials and individual-specific abilities on performance, safety and joint loading in ski-jumping. 相似文献
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中国女子竞技体育获得的辉煌成绩一直以来受到学界关注,相关研究形成了丰富的知识体系。为促进女子竞技体育的可持续发展,为该领域未来研究提供理论依据和平台,该文对女子竞技体育相关文献进行了阅读和梳理,结果发现：（1）研究数量偏少,呈先增后降趋势;内容具有多学科特征,但作者多属运动训练学方向。（2）该领域的主要研究内容有运动成绩、训练计划与年龄、运动技术与战术、体能特征、运动损伤与病症、心理特征、社会效应和职业化发展八个方面。（3）未来,应注重研究的系统化,重视学科间融合,形成稳定研究团队;促进研究方法技术的多元化;以女子竞技体育的实际问题为导向,实现研究的具体化。因此,女子竞技体育领域极具研究价值,期待形成更多该领域的稳定研究团队,促进女子竞技水平的进一步提高,为我国竞技体育的可持续发展提供重要理论借鉴。 相似文献
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以中超联赛2014-2017赛季的技战术指标采集大数据为研究基础，运用因子分析、回归分析等统计方法，构建球队比赛表现分析模型，找出决定中超球队实力的关键性技战术要素，探讨技战术指标不同的序列组合与赛季成绩的相关关系，深度分析中超球队技战术表现的发展变化规律，为球队实力评价、比赛结果预测和技战术水平改善提供量化支持。结果显示：（1）中超球队比赛表现分析模型包含组织能力、传中能力、前场任意球、进攻效率、防守效率、把握机会能力、控球、转移、界外球、犯规、抢截球等维度；（2）局部加权线性回归的拟合程度好，模型的适用性广；（3）中超球队技战术水平整体呈现逐年下降趋势，无论优势球队还是降级球队，传中能力、把握得分机会和转移等核心竞争能力不同程度下滑；上游球队间的技战术水平差距缩小；犯规战术对下游球队适度有效。 相似文献
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Stefan König 《Sportwissenschaft》2013,43(4):253-263
The aim of this study was to investigate coaching performance in team sports taking leadership behaviours into focus. To do so, coaching performance was put in a literature-based frame and analysed with reference to a task structure based on the idea of hierarchical planning. The focus of the paper is on a mixed methods multi-strand study using qualitative as well as quantitative threads to develop and verify a set of coaching strategies focussing on teambuilding and team leadership. Qualitative analyses showed that coaches do have a clear understanding of forming and leading a team, which could be shown by a specific set of strategies being used by high performance coaches from different team sports (basketball, football, handball, and volleyball). These strategies could be confirmed in a sequential quantitative study analysing coaches’ and players’ attitudes towards the previously analysed schemes. The results of this study are discussed in terms of methodical and practical implications. 相似文献
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采用文献资料法、对比分析法、视频分析法、数理统计法及专家访谈法等,对2018年世锦赛中外集体花球啦啦操比赛中成套动作的团体协作能力进行深入分析和探究,以便揭示当前世界高水平集体花球啦啦操队伍的主要技术表现特征及运用情况。研究表明:中外4支队伍在过渡与连接动作中不一致现象均为0,美国队和日本队在比赛中的动作整齐划一,动作与音乐的同步性较好,而中国队与墨西哥队在动作与音乐的配合中均出现了1次不一致现象,主要表现在操化和难度动作两个方面;空间不一致现象上,墨西哥队主要是人与人之间的距离不一致且不一致次数最多,中国队在人与人之间距离、腾空高度上出现不一致现象,与美国队和日本队相比团体协作能力差。建议:中国队需要继续加强动作与音乐的同步性练习;通过操化动作训练强化过渡与连接动作的使用以及托举与配合动作的一致性;努力提升动作难度等级;加强对运动员个人能力的训练,尤其是在平面和垂直空间上的动作完成效果。 相似文献
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Martyn John Binnie Brian Dawson Hugh Pinnington Grant Landers Peter Peeling 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(1):8-15
AbstractSand surfaces can offer a higher energy cost (EC) and lower impact training stimulus compared with firmer and more traditional team sport training venues such as grass. This review aims to summarise the existing research on sand training, with a specific focus on its application as a team sports training venue. Compared with grass, significant physiological and biomechanical differences are associated with sand exercise. However, evidence also exists to suggest that training adaptations unique to sand can positively influence firm-ground performance. Furthermore, the lower impact forces experienced on sand can limit muscle damage, muscle soreness, and decrements in performance capacity relative to exercise intensity. Therefore, using a sand training surface in team sports may allow greater training adaptations to be achieved, while reducing performance decrements and injuries that may arise from heavy training. Nevertheless, further research should investigate the effect of sand surfaces over a greater range of training types and performance outcomes, to increase the application of sand training for team sports. 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(6):391-396
Abstract In several team sports, the game starting score-line may be understood as a measure of performance accomplishment and hence might have an effect on players' subsequent efforts. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of the starting score-line, game location, and quality of opposition on basketball game quarter final score. The sample comprised 504 game quarters from the Spanish Basketball Professional League and these were classified as balanced (difference in scores equal of 8 points or less, n=194) and unbalanced (difference in scores of more than 8 points, n=310) using k-means cluster procedures. The effects of the predictor variables on game quarter outcome (difference between points scored and points received) in the whole game and in the second, third, and fourth game quarters were analysed using linear regression analysis. The starting game quarter score-line was only significant in unbalanced situations with very similar effects among different game quarters. The greater the difference in accumulated score at the beginning of each quarter, the more points recovered by the teams who were losing. A small effect from the quality of the opponent was found in the second and third quarters, whereas game location only had an effect when analysing the whole game and second quarter using balanced and unbalanced game quarters combined. 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(1):76-83
AbstractThis study examined the influence of emotions on performance in basketball. Six female basketball players were videotaped in six games. Frequency of performance behaviours was recorded minute-by-minute and indices of successful (SGI) and unsuccessful (UGI) game involvement derived for each player. Post-game, players reported the intensity of experienced emotions (anger, anxiety, embarrassment, excitement and happiness), and the time of the eliciting incident. The only emotion revealed as a significant predictor of SGI was happiness; both anger and embarrassment were significant predictors of increased UGI. Consideration of individual player analyses suggests that there is variation in the magnitude of the influence of emotions on performance and the extent to which this influence was helpful or harmful to performance. The study provides evidence that emotions are associated with changes in game behaviours in competition. Implications for further research examining the emotion–performance relationship are discussed. 相似文献
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The prevalence of inter-limb asymmetries has been reported in numerous studies across a wide range of sports and physical qualities; however, few have analysed their effects on physical and sports performance. A systematic review of the literature was undertaken using the Medline and SPORT Discus databases, with all articles required to meet a specified criteria based on a quality review. Eighteen articles met the inclusion criteria, relating participant asymmetry scores to physical and sports performance measures. The findings of this systematic review indicate that inter-limb differences in strength may be detrimental to jumping, kicking and cycling performance. When inter-limb asymmetries are quantified during jumping based exercises, they have been primarily used to examine their association with change of direction speed with mixed findings. Inter-limb asymmetries have also been quantified in anthropometry, sprinting, dynamic balance and sport-specific actions, again with inconsistent findings. However, all results have been reported using associative analysis with physical or sport performance metrics with no randomised controlled trials included. Further research is warranted to understand the mechanisms that underpin inter-limb differences and the magnitude of performance changes that can be accounted for by these asymmetries. 相似文献