Interactions of cadmium and aluminum toxicity in their effect on growth and physiological parameters in soybean     

Shamsi IH  Wei K  Jilani G  Zhang GP 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2007,8(3):181-188

The effect of Al and Cd on the growth, photosynthesis, and accumulation of Al, Cd and plant nutrients in two soybean genotypes were determined using hydroponic culture. There were six treatments: pH 6.5; pH 4.0; pH 6.5 1.0 μmol/L Cd; pH 4.0 1.0 μmol/L Cd; pH 4.0 150 μmol/L Al; pH 4.0 1.0 μmol/L Cd 150 μmol/L Al. The low pH (4.0) and Al treatments caused marked reduction in root length, shoot height, dry weight, chlorophyll content (SPAD value) and photosynthetic rate. Al-sensitive cv. Zhechun 2 accumulated comparatively more Al and Cd in plants than Al-tolerant cv. Liao 1. Compared with pH 6.5, pH 4.0 resulted in significant increase in Cd and Al concentration in plants. Combined application of Cd and Al enhanced their accu-mulation in roots, but caused a reduction in shoots. The concentrations of all 10 nutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B), except Mo were also increased when plants were exposed to pH lower than pH 6.5. Al addition caused a reduction in the con-centration of most nutrients in plant roots and shoots; but K, Mn and Zn in roots were increased. Treatments with Cd alone or together with Al reduced the concentrations of all the plant nutrients in plants. Al-sensitive genotype Zhechun 2 has lower nutrient concentration than Al-tolerant genotype Liao 1. The current findings imply that Al and Cd are synergistic in their effect on plant growth, physiological traits and nutrient uptake.  相似文献   

硒镉对番茄根尖细胞的遗传学效应     

陈玥伶  陈德碧 《重庆师专学报》2014,(5):112-115

为研究硒镉联合作用对番茄根尖细胞遗传学效应,用不同硒浓度和100μmol/L镉联合处理番茄根尖24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h,统计有丝分裂指数、染色体畸变率和微核率.结果表明：单一镉处理时番茄根尖细胞有丝分裂指数下降,染色体畸变率和微核率增加,且随时间的延长而毒害加深.硒镉处理时,硒浓度低于1.0μmol/L时番茄根尖细胞有丝分裂指数增加,染色体畸变率和微核率下降,高于1.0μmol/L时番茄根尖细胞有丝分裂下降,染色体畸变率和微核率升高,但浓度过高时,微核率随着镉处理时间的延长反而有所降低,表现出低浓度硒对镉的毒害有缓解作用,高浓度硒与镉协同毒害作用.  相似文献   

Changes of root morphology and Pb uptake by two species of Elsholtzia under Pb toxicity   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

Peng HY  Tian SK  Yang XE 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2005,6(6):546-552

Elsholtzia argyi and Elsholtzia splendens, which are Chinese endemic Pb/Zn mined and Cu mined ecotype respectively, were investigated on the aspect of their response to Pb toxicity in the presence or absence of EDTA addition. After 8 d's Pb treatment, root length, root surface area and root volume of E. splendens decreased much more than those ofE. argyi, and reduced considerably with increase of Pb, while no marked change was noted for root average diameter. Compared to E. argyi, length of root with diameter (D)＜0.2 mm was significantly reduced for E. splendens as Pb increased. D＜0.1 mm E. splendens root had cross-sectional surface area at Pb≥10 mg/L, while for E. argyi, it was at Pb＞25 mg/L. With increase ofPb, DW ofE. splendens decreased much more than that of E. argyi. E. argyi exhibited much more tolerance to Pb toxicity than E. splendens. Treatment with 100 mg/L Pb plus 50 mmol/L EDTA significantly decreased the length and surface area of D≤0.2 mm root, increased the length and surface area of 0.2≤D≤0.8 mm root for the case ofE. argyi, while for E. splendens, length and surface area of D＜0.6 mm root reduced, as compared to 100 mg/L Pb treatment, alone. At 100 mg/L Pb, shoot Pb accumulation in E. splendens and E. argyi were 27.9 and 89.0 μg/plant DW respectively, and much more Pb was uptaken by the root and translocated to the stem ofE. argyi as compared to E. splendens. Treatment of the plant with 100 mg/L Pb plus 50 mmol/L EDTA increased leaf Pb accumulation from 16.8 to 84.9 g/plant for E. splendens and from 18.8 to 52.5 g/plant for E. argyi, while both root and stem Pb pronouncedly reduced for both Elsholtzia species. The increased translocation of Pb to the leaf ofE. splendens being than that ofE. argyi after treatment with 100 mg/L Pb plus 50 mmol/L EDTA should be further investigated.  相似文献   

Effects of zinc on cadmium uptake by spring wheat （Triticum aestivum, L.）： long-time hydroponic study and short-time ^109Cd tracing study   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵中秋朱永官  蔡运龙 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2005,6(7):643-648

To investigate effects of Zn on Cd uptake by spring wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) in solution culture, long-time hydroponic experiment (1 month) (Experiment 1) and short-time Cd isotope (109Cd) tracing experiment (24 h) (Experiment 2) were conducted. In Experiment 1, spring wheat (cv. Brookton) was grown in nutrient solution at uniform cadmium concentration of 20μ mol/L and 10 zinc concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000 μ mol/L). In Experiment 2, spring wheat seedlings,pre-cultivated in complete nutrient solution, were treated with 109Cd of uniform activity and the same series of Zn concentrations as those in Experiment 1 for 24 h. Cd concentrations in shoots and roots in Experiment 1 increased marginally but not consistently with Zn increasing at Zn rates of 1～200 μmol/L, and then decreased significantly at high rates (＞200 μ mol/L). In Experiment 2, the response of 109Cd activities in shoots and roots to increasing Zn was greatly similar to the response of Cd concentrations to Zn increasing in Experiment 1. The results of the two experiments indicated that the short-time and long-time exposure of spring wheat to Zn had similar effects on Cd accumulation.  相似文献   

Rapid in vitro propagation of medicinally important Aquilaria agallocha   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何梦玲戚树源  胡兰娟 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2005,6(8):849-852

INTRODUCTION Many tree species have become the focus of in-creasing conservation concern in recent years, pri-marily because of the current high rates of forest clearance and over-exploitation (Newton et al., 1999).As an illustration, recent surveys have indicated that around 9000 tree species are threatened with extinc-tion (Oldfield et al., 1998). Aquilaria agallocha (Thymelaeaceae) is one of very few species of tropi-cal trees and is the principal source of agarwood, one of the most …  相似文献   

Developmental characteristics and response to iron toxicity of root border cells in rice seedlings     

Xing CH  Zhu MH  Cai MZ  Liu P  Xu GD  Wu SH 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2008,9(3):261-264

To investigate the Fe2 effects on root tips in rice plant, experiments were carded out using border cells in vitro. The border cells were pre-planted in aeroponic culture and detached from root tips. Most border cells have a long elliptical shape. The number and the viability of border cells in situ reached the maxima of 1600 and 97.5%, respectively, at 20～25 mm root length. This mortality was more pronounced at the first 1～12 h exposure to 250 mg/L Fe2 than at the last 12～36 h. After 36 h, the cell viability exposed to 250 mg/L Fe2 decreased to nought, whereas it was 46.5% at 0 mg/L Fe2 . Increased Fe2 dosage stimulated the death of detached border cells from rice cultivars. After 4 h Fe2 treatment, the cell viabilities were≥80% at 0 and 50 mg/L Fe2 treatment and were <62% at 150, 250 and 350 mg/L Fe2 treatment; The viability of border cells decreased by 10% when the Fe2 concentration increased by 100 mg/L. After 24 h Fe2 treatment, the viabilities of border cells at all the Fe2 levels were <65%; The viability of border cells decreased by 20% when the Fe2 concentration increased by 100 mg/L. The decreased viabilities of border cells indicated that Fe2 dosage and treatment time would cause deadly effect on the border cells. The increased cell death could protect the root tips from toxic harm. Therefore, it may protect root from the damage caused by harmful iron toxicity.  相似文献   

硼对根用芥菜种子萌发及幼苗抗氧化能力的影响     

王虹  刘丽  任大志  周玉丽  舒英杰 《安徽科技学院学报》2017,31(1)

目的:研究不同浓度的硼酸对根用芥菜种子萌发的影响。方法:以临泉花叶根用芥菜种子为材料,以不同浓度(0、10、20、100、1000、5000μmol/L)硼酸对根用芥菜种子进行浸种处理,调查了种子发芽指标,测定了萌发种子中脱氢酶和酸性磷酸酶活性以及幼苗总抗氧化能力、脯氨酸(Pro.)和丙二醛(MNDA)的含量。结果:随着硼酸浓度的升高,根用芥菜种子的发芽势、发芽率、脱氢酶活性、酸性磷酸酶活性、幼苗总抗氧化能力和Pro.含量均呈先升后降趋势,MDA含量呈先降后升趋势;当硼酸浓度为100μmol/L时,种子的发芽势、发芽率、脱氢酶活性、幼苗总抗氧化能力和Pro含量均达到最大值,MDA含量达最低值,均与其它处理差异显著;当硼酸浓度为10μmol/L时酸性磷酸酶活性达到最大值,硼酸浓度在10~1000μmol/L范围内酸性磷酸酶活性差异不显著,随后下降,但仍高于CK。结论:根用芥菜种子用100μmol/L浓度的硼酸浸种最为适宜。  相似文献   

扶桑光合特性的初步研究     

尤扬  ;王慧  ;贾文庆  ;王芳华 《河南职业技术师范学院学报》2009,(3):17-20

采用Li-6400光合测定系统对扶桑幼树的光合特性进行了初步的研究．结果表明：扶桑叶片Pn13变化呈不对称的双峰曲线,最高峰出现在8：00,次峰出现在13：00．根据光响应曲线得出扶桑幼树叶片的光饱和点为1053μmol／m^2／s,光补偿点为29．55μmol／m^2／s．  相似文献   

Role of jasmonic acid in improving tolerance of rapeseed (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica napus</Emphasis> L.) to Cd toxicity     

Essa Ali  Nazim Hussain  Imran Haider Shamsi  Zahra Jabeen  Muzammil Hussain Siddiqui  Li-xi Jiang 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2018,19(2):130-146

The well-known detrimental effects of cadmium (Cd) on plants are chloroplast destruction, photosynthetic pigment inhibition, imbalance of essential plant nutrients, and membrane damage. Jasmonic acid (JA) is an alleviator against different stresses such as salinity and drought. However, the functional attributes of JA in plants such as the interactive effects of JA application and Cd on rapeseed in response to heavy metal stress remain unclear. JA at 50 μmol/L was observed in literature to have senescence effects in plants. In the present study, 25 μmol/L JA is observed to be a “stress ameliorating molecule” by improving the tolerance of rapeseed plants to Cd toxicity. JA reduces the Cd uptake in the leaves, thereby reducing membrane damage and malondialdehyde content and increasing the essential nutrient uptake. Furthermore, JA shields the chloroplast against the damaging effects of Cd, thereby increasing gas exchange and photosynthetic pigments. Moreover, JA modulates the antioxidant enzyme activity to strengthen the internal defense system. Our results demonstrate the function of JA in alleviating Cd toxicity and its underlying mechanism. Moreover, JA attenuates the damage of Cd to plants. This study enriches our knowledge regarding the use of and protection provided by JA in Cd stress.  相似文献   

Effects of elevated CO(2) levels on root morphological traits and Cd uptakes of two Lolium species under Cd stress     

Jia Y  Tang SR  Ju XH  Shu LN  Tu SX  Feng RW  Giusti L 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2011,12(4):313-325

This study was conducted to investigate the combined effects of elevated CO₂ levels and cadmium (Cd) on the root morphological traits and Cd accumulation in Lolium multiflorum Lam. and Lolium perenne L. exposed to two CO₂ levels (360 and 1 000 μl/L) and three Cd levels (0, 4, and 16 mg/L) under hydroponic conditions. The results show that elevated levels of CO₂ increased shoot biomass more, compared to root biomass, but decreased Cd concentrations in all plant tissues. Cd exposure caused toxicity to both Lolium species, as shown by the restrictions of the root morphological parameters including root length, surface area, volume, and tip numbers. These parameters were significantly higher under elevated levels of CO₂ than under ambient CO₂, especially for the number of fine roots. The increases in magnitudes of those parameters triggered by elevated levels of CO₂ under Cd stress were more than those under non-Cd stress, suggesting an ameliorated Cd stress under elevated levels of CO₂. The total Cd uptake per pot, calculated on the basis of biomass, was significantly greater under elevated levels of CO₂ than under ambient CO₂. Ameliorated Cd toxicity, decreased Cd concentration, and altered root morphological traits in both Lolium species under elevated levels of CO₂ may have implications in food safety and phytoremediation.  相似文献   

低剂量农药对绿萝生长的Hormesis效应     

高军  ;王斌  ;施雪梅  ;余月书 《扬州职业大学学报》2014,(4):48-51

研究低剂量百菌清、吡蚜酮对绿萝生长的刺激效应。结果表明：0.1mg·kg^-1、0.2mg·kg^-1吡蚜酮处理后35天,能显著促进绿萝株高增长,同对照相比,绿萝株高分别增加51.91%与82.13%;32mg·kg^-1、64mg·kg^-1百菌清处理后35天,对绿萝根长增长有显著促进作用,分别增加72.72%、67.54%;吡蚜酮可诱导绿萝茎叶重量增长的Hormesis效应。  相似文献   

红树植物无瓣海桑北移种植的生长适应研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李元跃  段博文  陈融斌  潘文  王雷  陈扬  曾晨  黎中宝  戴聪杰 《泉州师范学院学报》2011,29(6):20-24

分析了北移种植在福建省霞浦、连江、泉港、集美、漳浦5个样地无瓣海桑（Sonneratiaapetala）的存活率、株高、根长、冠幅、生物量及生物量分配,结果表明：无瓣海桑人工引种北界在26°47′N～26°16′N之间,且存活率随着纬度的增高而降低;各样地无瓣海桑营养器官的含水量为：叶〉根〉茎,其含水量均值分别为86．4％、71．0％、63．0％,植株有机质在根茎叶器官分配为茎〉根〉叶;根部的长度和重量随着纬度的升高而下降;株高、冠幅随着纬度的升高有所变化,但没有显著性差异．  相似文献   

供氮形态与水平对玉米苗期耐低磷胁迫的生物学效应     

周毅  张平  汪建飞  范东坡  高祥 《安徽科技学院学报》2012,26(3):19-26

采用营养液培养方式,探讨和比较硝态氮(NO3--N)和铵态氮(NH4+-N)两种不同供氮形态及其供应水平(0、3、7.5、15、22.5、30、37.5 mmol/L)下,供试玉米利民15和皖玉9号的生物学性状对以磷酸钙模拟的低生物有效磷胁迫的适应性差异。结果表明:当供氮水平低于22.5 mmol/L时,对玉米供应NH4+-N或NO3--N均可产生提高其对低生物有效磷胁迫适应性的效应。随供氮水平的升高,在两种供氮形态营养条件下,玉米幼苗植株生物量、地上部和根系干重、株高、叶面积和根体积的变化趋势均基本呈现报酬递减规律,而当供氮水平在0～7.5 mmol/L变化时,玉米的生物量干重均出现最高值。不同品种玉米对NH4+-N和NO3--N营养的响应既存在共性:NO3--N营养玉米植株株高和根体积始终高于NH4+-N营养植株,但也存在基因型差异。从植株含磷量分析,当氮水平高于3 mmol/L时,NH4+-N营养利民15的磷含量始终高于NO3--N营养玉米;而皖玉9号则在供NH4+-N水平高于22.5 mmol/L时,出现磷含量低于等氮水平下的NO3--N营养玉米的现象;其中利民15的植株磷含量与其生物量干重之间呈极显著的负相关关系(r=-0.77**,n=11),而皖玉9号的植株磷含量则与其生物量干重之间呈极显著的正相关关系(r=0.96**,n=11)。此外,在等氮水平下,两种供氮形态营养玉米的叶面积、单位叶面积光合速率、单株水平的根系活力之间没有明显的差异,因此,在低生物有效磷胁迫条件下,玉米在不同供氮形态营养条件下的适应性机制不同,其适应性强弱主要取决于是否为适宜的供氮水平。  相似文献   

NaCl胁迫对水稻（Oryza sativa）种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

金美芳  何菊芬 《福建师大福清分校学报》2010,(2):6-10

采用水培法,研究不同浓度（0、50、100、150、200、250、300、350、400、450、500mmol／L）的NaCl胁迫对水稻种子萌发,胚根、胚芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：种子的发芽势、发芽率、都随着NaCl胁迫浓度的升高而降低,300mmol／L以上种子发芽率为0;胚根长,胚芽长也随着NaCl胁迫浓度的升高而降低,浓度大于100mmol／L时有显著（p〈0．05）影响。水稻幼苗的根长、株高、株鲜重、根干重以及茎干重也随NaCl胁迫浓度的升高呈逐渐降低的趋势,当浓度大于250mmol／L时影响尤为显著,大于300mmol／L时,植株严重失水,萎蔫,枯黄,死亡。研究结果说明NaCl胁迫对水稻种子的萌发和幼苗的生长有严重的抑制作用。  相似文献   

盐胁迫对不同品种小黑麦光合特性和生长的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

时丽冉  崔兴国  朱云霞 《衡水学院学报》2009,11(4):61-64

分别用0,50,100,200,300 mmol/L NaC1溶液处理6个品种的小黑麦幼苗,15天后测定其净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度,以及根长、苗高、鲜重.结果表明,50 mmol/L NaC1处理对小黑麦的光合速率和幼苗生长有轻微促进作用,随着NaC1浓度增大,幼苗表现为光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度降低,胞问CO2浓度也呈现规律性变化,幼苗生长受到抑制.综合比较以上指标,在供试的6个小黑麦品种中,抗盐性强的品种有NTH1888和NSWH11,WOH939抗盐性中等,抗盐性弱的品种为黔中3号、劲松49、澳洲黑麦.  相似文献   

PdNPs/AgME-毛细管电泳检测人血清中的葡萄糖     

马艳芳  王晓蕾 《滨州学院学报》2012,(6):92-95,108

通过电沉积的方法将钯纳米颗粒固定到Ag微电极上,制成了钯纳米颗粒修饰Ag微电极,并将此作为毛细管电泳的检测器测定了葡萄糖,探讨了检测电位、分离电位、缓冲溶液的pH值等条件的影响.该方法线性范围为4×10-5～2×10-4 mol/L和2×10-4～1×10-2 mol/L,线性相关系数分别为0.997 0和0.997 5,检出限为1×10-5 mol/L,该微电极表现出良好的稳定性和重现性,迁移时间和峰电流的相对标准偏差分别为2.6%和3.1%（n=8）,分别测定了2个健康人和2个糖尿病患者血清中的葡萄糖,所得结果与医院检测结果一致.  相似文献   

Impact of elevated CO2 concentration under three soil water levels on growth of Cinnamomum camphora     

Zhao XZ  Wang GX  Shen ZX  Zhang H  Qiu MQ 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2006,7(4):283-290

Forest plays very important roles in global system with about 35% land area producing about 70% of total land net production. It is important to consider both elevated CO2 concentrations and different soil moisture when the possible effects of elevated CO2 concentration on trees are assessed. In this study, we grew Cinnamomum camphora seedlings under two CO2 concentrations （350 μmol/mol and 500μmnol/mol） and three soil moisture levels [80%, 60% and 40% FWC （field water capacity）] to focus on the effects of exposure of trees to elevated CO2 on underground and aboveground plant growth, and its dependence on soil moisture. The results indicated that high CO2 concentration has no significant effects on shoot height but significantly impacts shoot weight and ratio of shoot weight to height under three soil moisture levels. The response of root growth to CO2 enrichment is just reversed, there are obvious effects on root length growth, but no effects on root weight growth and ratio of root weight to length. The CO2 enrichment decreased 20.42%, 32.78%, 20.59% of weight ratio of root to shoot under 40%, 60% and 80% FWC soil water conditions, respectively. And elevated CO2 concentration significantly increased the water content in aboveground and underground parts. Then we concluded that high CO2 concentration favours more tree aboveground biomass growth than underground biomass growth under favorable soil water conditions. And CO2 enrichment enhanced lateral growth of shoot and vertical growth of root. The responses of plants to elevated CO2 depend on soil water availability, and plants may benefit more from CO2 enrichment with sufficient water supply.  相似文献   

山核桃果皮胡桃醌对夏季牡丹叶片光合抑制的影响     

陈向明 《合肥联合大学学报》2014,(1):63-66,72

以林业废弃物山核桃果皮中提取的胡桃醌0.06mg/L喷洒牡丹叶面为处理,探讨7-8月份胡桃醌对改善夏季大田生长的牡丹叶片光合性能和减轻光合抑制的效应.结果显示：处理后的牡丹叶片与对照相比,光合速率的Pn最高值分别提高10.5%和12.8%,8月份的Pn最高值比对照推迟1h在10∶00出现,光合午休大大减轻;叶片的气孔导度变化不大、但Ci明显下降;PSⅡ光化学效率Fv/Fm降低20%和26%;ΦPSⅡ下降18.1%和19.9%;在10∶00-13∶00点光照最强阶段,叶绿素qP分别下降10%和11.6%,NPQ分别上升17.3%和14.3%.结果表明,胡桃醌减轻了夏季强光对牡丹叶片叶绿体光合机构的伤害,提高了牡丹叶片对光能的利用率.  相似文献   

镉锌交互作用对玉米幼苗生理生化特性的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

刘建新 《宜春学院学报》2004,26(6):55-57,60

以不同浓度的镉(Cd2 )、锌(Zn2 )处理玉米，研究CA、Zn单一及复合污染对幼苗生长及生理生化特性的影响．结果表明，随着Cd2 、Zn2 浓度的增加，CA、Zn单一及复合处理的根长，株高、根和地上部干重减少；根内丙二醛(MDA)积累增加，根系活力和叶片硝酸还原酶活性下降，叶绿素含量降低，Cd、Zn交互作用显示出协同作用的趋势。  相似文献   

十二烷基苯磺酸钠敏化的壳聚糖—氮掺杂石墨烯复合膜修饰玻碳电极同时测定多巴胺和对乙酰氨基酚     

刘忠勇  康亚峰  张志帆  刘传银 《郧阳师范高等专科学校学报》2013,(6):41-44

在壳聚糖-氮掺杂石墨烯-十二烷基苯磺酸钠复合膜电极上实现了多巴胺（DA）和对乙酰氨基酚（PT）的同时测定.用循环伏安法（CV）和差分脉冲法（DPV）研究了DA和PT在该修饰电极的电化学行为.结果表明,在pH=5.0的磷酸缓冲溶液（PBS）中,修饰电极对于DA和PT的电化学氧化具有良好的催化性能.DA的氧化峰电流在2～10、10～90μmol/L浓度范围内呈良好的分段线性关系,检出限为0.178 μmol/L,PT的氧化峰电流在4～150μmol/L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为1.06μmol/L.实验结果表明,十二烷基苯磺酸钠能显著提高检测的灵敏度,选择性和重现性.  相似文献