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1.
《Government Information Quarterly》2020,37(3):101482
With the increasing disclosure of public information and government data through information and communication technologies, along with the considerable privately generated data now available online, individuals have access to a huge volume of information. This “disintermediation” of (i.e., greater direct access to) public information may improve transparency and facilitate citizen engagement, but it may also overwhelm citizens not only with too much information but also by requiring them to take responsibility for gathering, assembling, and processing information. Despite the importance of effective information processing to successful use of available information, existing studies have not yet fully integrated this consideration into research on citizen use of e-government and open government data. Based on information processing theory—according to which individuals have a finite information processing capacity, which is affected not only by the quantity and quality of information but also by one's preferences for how information is presented—this study examined the effects of information presentation type (infographic versus text) on perceived information overload, along with the consequent effect of information overload on perceived website usefulness. We also investigated whether individual information processing propensity (visual or verbal) moderated the effect of information presentation type on perceived information overload. Our results showed that textual information tended to cause greater information overload, especially for those with a propensity for visual information processing, and that higher information overload was associated with a lower perception of website usefulness. Moreover, individual information propensity moderated the effect of information type on perceived information overload; people with visual information processing propensity were more strongly affected by the presentation of textual information. We discuss the implications of our findings for improving the communication of policy information through government websites. 相似文献
2.
《Government Information Quarterly》2020,37(1):101417
FOIA Libraries are the repositories for many documents released under the FOIA1 (Freedom of Information Act), i.e., “responsive documents,” by federal agencies and their sub agencies. Awareness of search terminology for FOIA Libraries or electronic reading rooms can assist the public and researchers to locate publicly available government information, including responsive documents. Responsive documents are the responses to FOIA requests that can be posted (in full or with redactions) by federal agencies. FOIA responses may not be easily findable by major web search engines. The goal of this article is to educate readers about government and non-government FOIA resources and declassified document repositories for discovery. It is important for researchers, journalists and citizens to use “FOIA Libraries,” “Electronic Reading Room,” or “FOIA tag” to search for documents concerning government activities and operations that are released under the FOIA on the web. In addition to aiding in the research process, access to responsive documents information furthers democratic goals of transparency and supports findability of government information by the public. 相似文献
3.
《Government Information Quarterly》1998,15(2):197-220
This article describes information policies in Spain from three perspectives: legislation on information contents, actions to promote and stimulate information exchange, and information management in government agencies. Spanish legislation has been aligned with European Union laws and is, therefore, fairly up-to-date, as is shown by several specific examples. Nevertheless, the country suffers from a certain lack of information ease of access, which is particularly evident when seeking to gain access to government information. This may he caused by the lack of a law that guarantees the right of general access to information. Currently, there is no public debate as to how to turn Spain into an information society, whatever this term is to mean, and what little there is is focused more on infrastructure than on the more important infostructure. The article poses the question, “can Spain's current model of “economic development” continue to be valid without a superseding model of “information development” that provides vital support to the educational system, libraries, and the local information industry? 相似文献
4.
《Journal of Government Information》1995,22(1):13-22
The Florida Legislature created the Joint Committee on Information Technology Resources for the purpose of, in part, analyzing the impact of advances in information technology on the Florida Public Records Law. In responding to the U.S. Information Industry Association's recently promulgated access principles for state and local government, the author found that although Florida does not actively encourage a diversity of information sources, such diversity is an indirect result of the state's long tradition of open access. The public's right of access is now guaranteed in Florida by a new constitutional amendment that guarantees every person the right to inspect or copy the public records of all three branches of Florida government.Florida's law is silent about an agency's obligation to provide a public record in a particular medium. However, the Joint Committee has proposed legislation that would require an agency to provide a copy of a public record in the medium requested. Additionally, the proposed legislation would allow a reasonable fee for costs for the labor and overhead associated with duplicating or copying a computer database; current law allows only the actual cost of duplication. In an effort to insure equal and timely access, this legislation also contains a provision that requires agencies to consider public access and redaction of exempt information in the design and development of all electronic recordkeeping systems.In an attempt to avoid monopoly control over public information, the author sponsored legislation last year that would have repealed Florida's law allowing the copyright of agency-created software. The Joint Committee's proposed legislation has a provision that would assure meaningful access to data controlled by proprietary software and would also preclude an agency from entering into any contract that would impair the right of the public to inspect and copy public records. 相似文献
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《Government Information Quarterly》1996,13(2):143-158
We are in the middle of a new era in public information management. Open computer networks already are making possible the dissemination of public information through systems of public and private efforts much more diverse than formerly was feasible. Information technology is beginning to be deployed to improve the methods of public participation in governmental proceedings. The article offers a comprehensive snapshot of the current policy and practices regarding the dissemination of government information in electronic form and a vision of a releasable “electronic government” for the future. 相似文献
7.
Access to government information in electronic form is essential to the realization of a civil society, democratization, and a rule of law. Freedom of information issues are centrally important in countries around the world, and the Internet's World Wide Web offers the potential to provide freedom of information at low cost. Achieving a sound information policy to promote open government requires constant vigilance by those who care about the goal. The greatest threat is state sponsored monopoly. State sponsored monopolies are inimical to open government and rule of law because they open the possibility of censorship, because they raise prices and increase cost, and because they deprive the public of new technology developments. Agencies should never seek to restrict redissemination or to prescribe prices at which information may be distributed to redisseminated. Copyright law may be interpreted to exclude the possibility of copyright in basic public information. Finally, the proposed database protection treaty now pending before the World Intellectual Property Organization should be opposed, unless drafters add a compulsory license provision to mandate multiple sources and channels for public information locked up by intellectual property and database rights. 相似文献
8.
Shampa Paul 《International Information and Library Review》2013,45(3-4):176-184
Information communication technology (ICT) in government agencies as well as educational and research institutions facilitates an efficient, speedy and transparent dissemination of information to the public and other agencies for performance of government administration activities. The importance of ICT in governance has been recognized the world over. E-governance highlights several elements of good governance such as transparency, accountability, participation, social integration, public financial management reform and development. This study is based on research and personal interviews of selected representatives of the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. The findings of this study highlight the role of Internet, particularly the World Wide Web (WWW), which has made it easier for citizens to locate and download official information and to conduct transactions. Information management agencies such as libraries and knowledge centres play a vital role in supporting transparent and accountable governance in this digital era. E-government needs to be integrated into the broader public management framework so as to make a substantial change in the government to citizen (G2C) relationship. 相似文献
9.
探索政府开放资料在台湾的发展现况:研究发现政府机关在其信息公开发展已经成熟之际,更持续地进一步施行更为全面的政府资料开放,相关主管机关已经在法制层面开始规划研拟,以逐步完成政府开放资料环境之整备;实证数据显示,政府开放数据实行对于政府信息增值有直接的影响,可以协助公众更有效率地获取政府数据与信息以从事增值应用,并减少公众在使用政府信息增值时所面对的困难;研究建议政府从法令规范、开放数据平台、开放数据面向、技术与格式标准、开放数据的推广与授权使用机制之6个方面,推动政府开放数据政策的落实。 相似文献
10.
《Journal of Government Information》2000,27(5):581-593
Web information systems are having a profound effect on the way information is being disseminated today. Current technological advances have caused many government agencies to re-evaluate their practice of contracting with private sector vendors who have traditionally repackaged and marketed the agency's raw data. These new opportunities for government agencies wishing to make information publicly accessible have blurred the traditional distinctions between public and private dissemination activities. Low-cost public dissemination of information has resulted in private sector vendors arguing that public electronic distribution and publication creates unfair competition. New partnerships, such as the recent venture between the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) and the commercial search engine, Northern Light, in developing the “usgovsearch” product are also being explored. From another viewpoint, library associations are strongly supporting legislation that would broaden, strengthen, and enhance public access to electronic government information. Key issues to be discussed are: (1) the debate concerning public vs. private access to government information; (2) Does electronic access to government information eliminate the need for printed documents? and (3) Joint efforts — when should the government team up with private sector allies to charge for information services and access? 相似文献
11.
《Journalism Practice》2013,7(5):588-603
Hyperlocal journalism is thriving. This article describes the case of a Belgian regional newspaper experimenting with citizen journalism and user-generated content (UGC) for hyperlocal news coverage. For each municipality of the region, an online news page has been created where all citizen contributions are published side by side with professional stories on local community news and events. The fact that the UGC is not separated from the professional articles makes it an interesting case to examine commonalities and differences between both types of community reporting. The findings, based on a content analysis of 474 news items, suggest that the newspaper seems to use citizen volunteers primarily as a means to outsource the “soft”, “good” and “small” news coverage of local community life, while preserving the “hard” and “bad” news provision as the exclusive domain of professional journalists. Further, the study's findings support previous research indicating that (1) local community journalism is characterised by a mix of crime reporting and news coverage of fires and accidents, on the one hand, and positive human-interest stories about social club activities, cultural events, health and sports, and school life, on the other; and that (2) citizen journalists tend to rely heavily on first-hand witnessing and personal experience due to a general lack of access to official sources of information. 相似文献
12.
Klaus Brunnstein 《International Information and Library Review》2013,45(3-4):269-270
As security and safety requirements were not considered during the creation of networks, there is a growing number of threats for individuals, enterprises, government agencies and organizations. This paper reviews these threats and the difficulties of dealing with them now. The Internet, as a consequence, is hardly adequate for processing sensitive information, because it can be protected neither by technology nor by law. In this situation, future “information societies” will be more risk-oriented than today: individual rights will be less significant and traditional legal instruments will need to be adapted to different sets of values. 相似文献
13.
《图书馆管理杂志》2013,53(1-2):263-324
SUMMARY The quantity of legal and government information accessible through online delivery has increased tremendously. Information technology has revolutionized the way much of this information is disseminated by government and the way that researchers access it. The increase in publication can be attributed to two factors: the government's efforts to create a virtual depository of publications and the capability of Internet technology to provide personalized “feeds” of topic-specific information through Web logs and RSS news aggregators. In this article, finding tools, primary and secondary sources of legal and regulatory government information will be identified and described including search engines and guides. 相似文献
14.
This study explores the potential of crowdfunding as a tool for achieving “citizen co-funding” of public projects. Focusing on philanthropic crowdfunding, we examine whether collaborative projects between public and private organizations are more successful in fundraising than projects initiated solely by private organizations. We argue that government involvement in crowdfunding provides some type of accreditation or certification that attests to a project's aim to achieve public rather than private goals, thereby mitigating information asymmetry and improving mutual trust between creators (i.e., private sector organizations) and funders (i.e., crowd). To support this argument, we show that crowdfunding projects with government involvement achieved a greater success rate and attracted a greater amount of funding than comparable projects without government involvement. This evidence shows that governments may take advantage of crowdfunding to “co-fund” public projects with the citizenry for addressing the complex challenges that we face in the twenty-first century. 相似文献
15.
《Government Information Quarterly》2020,37(4):101497
Transparency is popularly believed to enhance the public's trust in government, yet experimental studies have found mixed results. One explanation is that public trust may respond more positively to a kind of “latent transparency” in which citizens highly value the mere potential for open access to government information, even if they may have more negative reactions when presented with the particular content of actual government information, documents, or data. To test this hypothesis, we designed two survey experiments in which samples of US adults were primed with general information about the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) or the existence of open government data.Compared to controls, we find that awareness of FOIA rights and requirements (latent transparency) tended to be unrelated, or even slightly negatively related, to trust of government agencies, contrary to our expectations. Our findings, combined with prior evidence, suggest that—even in the case of latent transparency—the popular belief in transparency's positive effects on citizen trust needs a more critical examination. Implications for the theory and practice of transparency are discussed. 相似文献
16.
《Library Acquisitions: Practice & Theory #》1993,17(3):319-331
Developing a research library for a new university provides the challenge and the opportunity to test some ideas currently prominent within academic librarianship and to use new information technology in an unprecedented way. A philosophical commitment to building an “electronic library” affects planning and management decisions at every stage. This library is committed to supporting university teaching and research programs by providing access to bibliographical citations, abstracts and full-text material, based on what is available in a discipline, not just what has been acquired by the library; “access over ownership” is not just a current slogan but a basic element in decision-making. 相似文献
17.
《Government Information Quarterly》1995,12(1):1-11
The recent initiatives from the Clinton administration and Congress to “reinvent government,” to “develop electronic information services,” to “better manage information technology” (IT), and to “improve access to electronic government information,” certainly is welcome. But policymakers need to go beyond the proposals and develop specific program initiatives and implementation strategies if such goals are to be realized. The realization of these goals will require a range of new educational program initiatives to retrain and retool government officials, especially those engaged in information resources management (IRM).If these initiatives to reinvent government are to occur successfully, the administration and Congress must create a major program initiative—with adequate financial support—to revamp the educational programs that support IRM. Simply put, the changes occurring in both information technology and in managing that technology are outpacing many government officials' ability to respond in a planned and coherent fashion. Moreover, the existing infrastructure to develop Federal IRM education and training is fragmented and poorly supported, lacks clear policy direction, and desperately needs updating and reconceptualization. 相似文献
18.
Public access to government records is essential for democratic self-governance, and attitudes toward that right can facilitate or hinder public policy regarding transparency. As more people use the internet for gathering information about their governments and communities, it is unknown whether such online information-seeking is related to increased support for government transparency and the right to request public records. This paper applies a uses and gratification theory approach to examine internet information use and its relation to support for citizen and press access to government records. Three U.S. studies examined media-use correlates with support for government transparency: a paper questionnaire survey of college students (N = 614), an online survey (N = 1819), and a random-digit-dial telephone survey of randomly selected U.S. adults (N = 403). Analyses indicated varying results for television and newspaper use, but in all three datasets reliance on the internet for information was positively associated with support for access to public records. Implications for government transparency in a society increasingly reliant on the internet for information are discussed. 相似文献
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《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(94):53-67
Abstract Access and services for government numeric data and statistical information has changed dramatically in recent years. By making it easier to identify, acquire, and use, patron demand for government data continues to grow. These changes have affected the role and responsibilities of all librarians. This article examines how access to government data has changed and what that means for librarians. It focuses on the role of the government documents librarian in responding to these changes. 相似文献