共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
1.
This study explores whether linguistic features can predict second language writing proficiency in the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL iBT) integrated and independent writing tasks and, if so, whether there are differences and similarities in the two sets of predictive linguistic features. Linguistic features related to lexical sophistication, syntactic complexity, cohesion, and basic text information were investigated in relation to the writing scores for both integrated and independent samples. The results of this study show that linguistic features can be used to significantly predict essay scores in the integrated as well as the independent writing. When comparing across the two writing tasks, there are both similarities and differences in the two sets of predictive features. For instance, lexical sophistication was found to be a significant predictor for both tasks while features such as verbs in 3rd person singular form and semantic similarity were only significant predictors for the integrated task. These findings demonstrate that evaluation of the two writing tasks rely on similar and distinct features, and are at least partially assessed using different linguistic criteria. Implications of these findings for the assessment of second language (L2) writing are also discussed. 相似文献
2.
Children with hyperlexia read words spontaneously before the age of five, have impaired comprehension on both listening and
reading tasks, and have word recognition skill above expectations based on cognitive and linguistic abilities. One student
with hyperlexia and another student with higher word recognition than comprehension skills who started to read words at a
very early age were followed over several years from the primary grades through high school when both were completing a second-year
Spanish course. The purpose of the present study was to examine the foreign language (FL) word recognition, spelling, reading
comprehension, writing, speaking, and listening skills of the two students and another high school student without hyperlexia.
Results showed that the student without hyperlexia achieved higher scores than the hyperlexic student and the student with
above average word recognition skills on most FL proficiency measures. The student with hyperlexia and the student with above
average word recognition skills achieved higher scores on the Spanish proficiency tasks that required the exclusive use of
phonological (pronunciation) and phonological/orthographic (word recognition, spelling) skills than on Spanish proficiency
tasks that required the use of listening comprehension and speaking and writing skills. The findings provide support for the
notion that word recognition and spelling in a FL may be modular processes and exist independently of general cognitive and
linguistic skills. Results also suggest that students may have stronger FL learning skills in one language component than
in other components of language, and that there may be a weak relationship between FL word recognition and oral proficiency
in the FL. 相似文献
3.
Mirjam Trapman Amos van Gelderen Erik van Schooten Jan Hulstijn 《Reading and writing》2018,31(4):893-926
In a longitudinal design, 51 low-achieving adolescents’ development in writing proficiency from Grades 7 to 9 was measured. There were 25 native-Dutch and 26 language-minority students. In addition, the roles of (1) linguistic knowledge, (2) metacognitive knowledge, and (3) linguistic fluency in predicting both the level and development of writing proficiency were assessed. Low-achieving students improved in writing proficiency, the language-minority students more so than the native-Dutch students. Regarding the level of writing proficiency, individual differences between low achieving adolescents could be accounted for by receptive vocabulary, grammatical knowledge, and speed of sentence verification, suggesting that these are important components in low-achieving adolescents’ writing. Regarding development in writing proficiency, grammatical knowledge predicted variation between low-achieving students. Explanations and educational implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
4.
This study investigated the roles of phoneme position, stress, and proficiency in L2 spelling development by Taiwanese students
learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL), an alphabetic writing system typologically different from the learners’ L1 logographic
system. Structured nonword spelling tests were administered to EFL sixth-graders with lower and higher English proficiency
level. The results showed that overall, final phonemes were spelled more poorly than their initial and medial counterparts;
however, phoneme position effect decreased as learners’ English proficiency improved. Secondly, spelling of the stressed syllable
was significantly better than that of the unstressed syllable. However, when phonemes were held constant, stress effect was
significant only in the first, but not in the second syllable. Thirdly, higher proficient EFL children spelled significantly
better than their lower proficient counterparts, and spelling errors were more systematic in the former. The findings of the
study are discussed from linguistic, psychological, and developmental perspectives. 相似文献
5.
As students enter the upper elementary grades, word problems become a main component of mathematics instruction, increasing in complexity as students advance through the curriculum. For students identified as emergent bilinguals with mathematics difficulty (MD), the linguistic complexity inherent in word problems may serve as a barrier to word-problem proficiency. The current study investigated the potential relation between academic English proficiency and word-problem outcomes for emergent bilinguals with MD. After analyzing data from 241 third-grade students, results indicated students who participated in an evidence-based word-problem intervention outperformed students who did not receive the intervention. Moreover, students’ academic English-language proficiency scores in the domains of reading and writing positively correlated with higher scores on a measure of word-problem solving. 相似文献
6.
《Scientific Studies of Reading》2013,17(2):119-144
Efficiency in basic reading processes can be discussed in terms of accuracy and speed. In this longitudinal study, the development of accurate and fast reading processes was studied in a group of 66 children learning to read simultaneously in English, their first language (L1), and Hebrew, their second language (L2). Children's speed and accuracy were compared in Grade 1 and Grade 2 on parallel L1 and L2 tasks of letter naming, reading isolated words and the same words in text. Results indicated that corresponding accuracy and speed across the two languages are highly correlated. Despite differences in language familiarity and different orthographies, accuracy and speed rates of isolated word reading in L1 and L2 were highly similar. Yet, in L1, children were more efficient (faster and more accurate) in reading text than isolated words, but in early stages of L2 reading acquisition, text reading was not more efficient than the reading of isolated words. In terms of efficiency components in L2 language, accuracy distinguished good from poor L2 readers, but speed did not. It is concluded that (a) steps associated with the development of L1 reading efficiency (i.e., accuracy attained before speed) are applicable to the development of word recognition skills in L2, but they do not emerge concurrently in both languages and (b) specific linguistic features such as orthographic depth and morphosyntactic complexity may interact with more global L2 proficiency effects in determining the course of L2 reading skills development. 相似文献
7.
Second language (L2) reading research suggests that there is a complex interplay between L2 proficiency, first language (L1) reading and L2 reading. However, not much is known about the effect of L1 proficiency on L1 reading, and of L1 reading on L2 reading, or vice versa, in bilingual settings when readers have few opportunities for extensive reading in their L1. The relationships between L1 (Northern Sotho) and L2 (English) proficiency and L1 and L2 reading were examined in Grade 7 learners attending a high‐poverty primary school in South Africa, during the course of a year when a reading intervention programme was implemented. The effect that attention to reading and accessibility of books had on the learners' reading proficiency in both languages was examined, and the factors that predicted academic performance were analysed. When the learners were engaged in more reading, L2 reading contributed more variance to L1 reading than L1 proficiency. Reading in both languages also contributed significantly to academic performance. The study highlights the need for more cross‐linguistic reading research in different educational settings. 相似文献
8.
Rolf B. Fasting Kjell Lars Berge Lars Sigfred Evensen Wenche Vagle 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(6):617-637
The paper reports and discusses a government‐initiated nationwide assessment of writing proficiency among Norwegian compulsory school students. A sample‐study of 7th and 10th grade students are discussed and reported with regard to challenges in measuring writing skills in a valid and reliable manner. For the 7th graders the results showed a greater proportion of narrative texts, and in contrast to more scientific oriented texts, was assessed as “lower than expected”; however, for the 10th graders the tendency was opposite with respect to central linguistic components. Low correlations between the raters were ascertained at both levels, indicating different views among teachers as to what can be expected of students' writing proficiency. The results are discussed in relation to the usefulness of the theoretical model as a basis for assessment of writing proficiency, as well as other obstacles to constructing valid and reliable writing tests. 相似文献
9.
Gisèle Lemoyne Jacinthe Giroux Diane Biron 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1990,5(3):273-291
This study analyses children development of semantic, linguistic, procedural and schematic knowledge in the context of writing arithmetic word problems. 139 children aged between 8 and 12 years old were presented with a task which consisted in writing arithmetic word problems, according to some contraints: words, questions or measures to include in their problems; type of problems to write. Results show the relevance of actual theoritical models of problem solving (Mayer, 1983; Kintsch & Greeno, 1985). Schematic knowledge seem indeed more important than other knowledge in the process of writing arithmetic word problems; semantic knowledge are also used to choose relevant numbers or measures; the roles of linguistic and procedural knowledge seem less evident. Finally, some hypotheses related with the development of mental models of arithmetic word problems are formulated. 相似文献
10.
藏族学生英语三语(L3)习得受到母语藏语(L1)和第二语言汉语(L2)的双重影响。以多语交互影响研究者提出的类型近似模型、第二语言主导模型和累积增强模型为理论基础,收集L2水平不同的藏族L3学习者的作文语料,从流利度、词汇丰富度和词语错误率等三个维度对比分析。结果表明L1和L2在L3写作中发挥了不同的作用:L1在作文构思阶段发挥作用;L2水平越高,词汇错误率越低,但L2水平在词汇丰富度上并不具有区分力;教学媒介语对L3也会产生一定影响。这一结果对于藏区英语教学具有一定的启示。 相似文献
11.
陈伟红 《泉州师范学院学报》2012,30(5):111-117
本文以顺应论为理论框架,从二语物理语境因素和二语社会认知语境因素两方面分别展开大学英语写作的语言结构母语负迁移和语篇思维模式母语负迁移现象的定性分析。研究发现,二语写作母语负迁移问题是由于语言使用者忽视了二语写作语境相关因素（如物理因素、文化思维因素等）的动态顺应而导致的。 相似文献
12.
13.
Rapid naming in relation to reading and writing in Korean (Hangul), Chinese (Hanja) and English among Korean children: a 1‐year longitudinal study 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The relation of rapid automatised naming (RAN) to word recognition may depend on the phonological regularity of the orthography. This study examined differential contributions of RAN to reading and writing in Korean alphabetic Hangul, logographic Hanja (Chinese) and English as a second language among 73 fifth graders in Korea across 1 year. RAN was differentially associated between reading and writing in Hangul and English. After statistically controlling for age, gender, morphological awareness, vocabulary and phonological awareness, RAN was uniquely predictive of Hangul word writing but not Hangul word recognition, and it uniquely accounted for English word recognition but not English word writing. Meanwhile, RAN explained both reading and writing in Hanja. Findings were discussed in terms of their orthography characteristics and different levels of proficiency. 相似文献
14.
我国二语写作教学中"教师一次性评定"的传统评改模式制约着学生二语写作能力的发展。同伴互助交流并共同探讨写作任务,是将输出假设理论应用于二语写作的积极尝试。在二语写作过程中,通过学习者的互助互评,并反思同伴的意见反馈,对中国学生二语写作能力的构建和发展有积极的意义。 相似文献
15.
The aim of this study was to test whether Cummins’ Linguistic Interdependence Hypothesis (LIH) might also apply to writing, by determining to what extent writers’ text quality, source use and argumentation behavior are related in L1 and L2, how effective writers’ behavior is and whether their L2 proficiency influenced the relations between them. To answer these questions, twenty students wrote four short argumentative source based essays each in L1 (Dutch) and four in L2 (English). A within-writer cross-linguistic comparison of their texts revealed that their L1 and L2 writing competencies appear to be related. Furthermore, writers’ source use behavior differed to some extent between languages, but the strong positive correlations found between source use features suggest that in most cases this was more a person than a language effect. Similarly, for argumentation behavior, results showed some learner specific features (e.g. inclusion of titles and reference lists), but differences between languages for others (e.g. the inclusion of both arguments and counter-arguments). Effects of the different source use and argumentation features studied on text quality were limited and no clear effect of L2 proficiency on writers’ behavior or their influence on text quality were found. Overall, in line with earlier research, these findings provide some additional support for Cummins’ LIH and the idea that writers might have a common underlying source for writing related knowledge and practices which they can apply in multiple languages.
相似文献16.
This paper presents an effectiveness study of a computer-based English reading program, the Waterford Early Reading Program (WERP), among first and second grade students in Israel. Students who used the program were compared to a control group only receiving English as a foreign language (EFL) instruction as part of the school curriculum. First grade students who used the software during the study period experienced significantly greater gains than control group students on all four measures of reading ability. Second grade students in the treatment group experienced greater gains than control group students on the nonsense word and phoneme segmentation measures. These results indicate that adaptive English reading software has a place in an EFL education system, especially among young students with complex linguistic backgrounds. Adaptive programs like WERP may produce better EFL results than non-adaptive programs because they are able to adjust based in part on a student’s linguistic proficiency. 相似文献
17.
Kristen D. Ritchey 《Reading and writing》2008,21(1-2):27-47
This study examined the development of beginning writing skills in kindergarten and the relationship between early writing
skills and early reading skills. Sixty children were assessed on beginning writing skills (including letter writing, individual
sound spelling, and real and nonsense word spelling) and beginning reading skills (including letter name and letter sound
knowledge, global early reading ability, phonological awareness, and word reading). Children’s beginning writing abilities
are described, and they exhibited a range of proficiency in their ability to write letters, spell sounds, and spell real and
nonsense words. Global early reading proficiency, phonological awareness, and/or letter sound fluency predicted letter writing,
sound spelling, and spelling of real and nonsense words.
Appreciation is expressed to the participating students and teachers at Dwight D. Eisenhower School and to Margaret Boudreau
and Joan Foley for assistance in scoring students’ responses. 相似文献
18.
裴如意 《渭南师范学院学报》2014,(4):20-24
二语水平的概念框架中包含语言知识和语言能力，二语水平的提高往往成为语言能力特别是听力能力习得的瓶颈，但目前学界对于民办二级学院大学生的听力研究很少。通过对122名受试者的考察发现两者之间的互动关系及二语水平的“门槛效应”，并提出应对策略，以进一步提高二语听力教学的效果。 相似文献
19.
为检验二语学习者写作中的句法复杂性是否随二语水平的提高而变化,系统分析120篇英语论说文中的句法特征。研究发现：写作单位的长度和频数与学期水平密切相关;非英语专业大学生同样经历着从并列句到子句的过渡;句子类型使用上,简单句使用过多。句法复杂性与作文质量显著正相关,对写作教学和作文评分具有一定的启示意义。 相似文献
20.
Muhammad M. Abdel Latif 《Journal of Research in Reading》2015,38(2):194-212
High levels of apprehension cause students to have writing difficulties. This study attempted to identify the sources of Egyptian university students’ English writing apprehension. The study made use of both quantitative and qualitative data. The scores of 57 students on a writing apprehension scale were compared to their scores on another scale assessing writing self‐efficacy and three linguistic tests measuring English grammar and vocabulary. Additionally, 15 apprehensive students and 16 nonapprehensive students were interviewed about their writing experiences and beliefs. Analysis of the quantitative and qualitative data showed that there are six sources of the students’ English writing apprehension: linguistic knowledge level, perceived language competence, writing performance level, perceived writing competence, instructional practices and fear of criticism. These results indicate the integrative nature of L2 writing ability and emphasise the need for dealing with these sources of apprehension. The study recommends that reducing L2 students’ writing apprehension should start by improving their linguistic knowledge and writing ability; this will result in bringing about a positive change in their language and writing competence self‐perceived beliefs. In addition, the study presents some other recommendations for improving instructional practices of English writing in the Egyptian context. 相似文献