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1.
对运动场钢管突沿的失效进行分析,结果表明:在热交变应力和潮湿环境作用下,接头会因润滑失效和腐蚀等阻碍钢管突沿自由伸缩,从而导致钢管突沿的失稳失效.在接头生根扁铁由于热交变应力和腐蚀作用而断裂时,钢管突沿失稳失效尤为显著,防止钢管突沿失效最主要的措施是防止接头润滑失效、腐蚀和热交交应力使生根断裂.  相似文献   

2.
本文在弹塑性断裂双参数分析方法的基础上,导出了预测压力容器等重要工程结构断裂韧度CTOD要求的理论表达式.只要在实际结构服役条件下,材料断裂韧度高于该表达式要求的韧度值,就可防止结构的弹塑性断裂失效.同时,在该表达式中考虑了应力集中及焊接残余应力的影响,并表明断裂韧度要求随作用应力及板厚的增加而增加.最后给出了两个实例,以考核该理论表达式的实用性.  相似文献   

3.
飞机机轮轮毂安装螺栓是重要的结构承力件,强度高,对裂纹敏感,一旦使用中出现裂纹将快速扩展直至断裂,对飞行安全构成较大威胁。在对近年来发生的十余起机轮螺栓断裂失效事件从失效模式、失效原因进行深入分析的基础上发现,无论疲劳、氢脆还是应力腐蚀,除与设计、选材、加工工艺有关外,还与应力水平的高低密切相关,以此结合机轮维修装配工艺过程,提出了一系列降低螺栓工作应力水平的措施并运用于机轮维修实践,显著降低了螺栓断裂的风险。  相似文献   

4.
石油石化行业中易于发生应力腐蚀的金属结构多处于高压环境下工作,而慢应变速率拉伸(SSRT)试验是评价应力腐蚀敏感性的有效手段。有必要针对石油高校的学生开设高压环境下的SSRT教学实验。中国石油大学(华东)引进了国外某公司生产的高压SSRT试验机,在实验过程中遇到了加载系统偏转的问题。通过对试验机的加载原理进行分析,采用排查法确定设备的失效环节,进而制定解决措施。结果发现,设备失效缘于丝杠与销钉定位接头之间采用螺纹装配配合焊接的连接方式,易于产生应力集中,且焊接质量差,连接处发生脱焊。提出了3种维修方案,并针对现有配合模式进行了焊接修复,没有出现焊接裂纹和焊接变形,实现了慢应变速率拉伸试验机的正常运转,保证了实验教学的正常进行。  相似文献   

5.
应用材料破坏分析软件MFPA2D(Material Failure Process Analysis),模拟了平面应力下双向应力比不断变化条件下脆性材料的不同破坏失稳过程,以玻璃为例,重点研究了玻璃在复杂应力状态下不同双向应力比对脆性材料裂纹扩展和断裂的影响.研究结果表明,裂纹失稳扩展时的应力强度因子值随着双向应力比的升高而升高.该结果证明双向应力确实对脆性材料的断裂韧性有影响.通过将理论分析得出的应变失效准则与数值模拟研究结果及试验结果的比较研究表明,应变失效准则作为脆性材料在双向应力下的断裂准则是可行的.  相似文献   

6.
以柳屯原油库为例,采用慢应变拉伸法研究原油油罐罐底钢材(10#钢)的应力腐蚀特性,讨论拉伸速率和阴极极化对腐蚀速率的影响.结果表明,在试验条件下10#钢具有应力腐蚀开裂敏感性,其裂纹是氢致开裂引起的穿晶型应力腐蚀开裂;在阴极极化条件下,该材料——介质体系在自腐蚀电压电位下断裂寿命最长,其应力腐蚀敏感性最小、抗拉强度最大、应变量也最大.因此,对油罐罐底进行阴极保护防腐时,罐底钢材的自腐蚀电位为最佳保护电位值.  相似文献   

7.
氢脆是航空器零部件及地面设备修理制造过程中常见的低应力脆断失效模式之一,对结构安全威胁较大,高强度结构钢对氢脆犹为敏感.针对一起安装螺钉断裂案例进行了失效分析,通过一系列宏、微观形貌分析并结合X-射线能谱分析,确认该批次螺钉的断裂性质为氢脆,而导致氢脆的根本原因则是表面镀锌工艺未严格执行后续的除氢处理所致.随即停用了该批螺钉以消除后续隐患并为厂家完善工艺流程提出了建议.  相似文献   

8.
近年来,随着现代焊接向着高精度方向的不断发展,如何正确采取在焊接生产过程中发生的应力与变形的措施,对保证焊接结构的质量有重要意义.针对焊接应力与焊接变形产生的原因,提出控制、矫正和消除焊接应力与变形的措施,并就具体方法进行阐释.  相似文献   

9.
肖纪美院士简介: 我国著名材料科学家。湖南凤凰人。1943年毕业于交通大学唐山工学院,获学士学位。1950年获美国密苏里大学博士学位。北京科学技术大学教授、材料失效研究所所长。先后开设了金属材料学、合金相理论、金属物理、腐蚀金属学、金属的韧性与韧化、断裂力学、合金能量学和材料学的方法论等课程.出版了10本专著。主要在合金钢、晶界吸附、脱溶沉淀、晶间腐蚀、断裂学科和氢损伤等领域进行科学研究。强调综合应用金属物理、断裂力学和腐蚀科学分析解决了国民经济与国防建设中的若干重要断裂问题和材料质量问题,结合解决实际问题的需要,开展材料的应力腐蚀及氢开裂机理方面理论研究。1980当选为中国科学院院士(学部委员)。  相似文献   

10.
某热轧厂R1下主传动轴万向接节在轧制SPHC钢种时突然发生断裂失效,导致现场停产16个小时。通过对万向节进行工况分析、断口分析、力学性能分析、化学成分分析、微观组织分析,发现指出万向节失效的原因为焊接缺陷,在气孔和夹渣处应力集中,导致断裂。据此提出了避免万向轴断裂失效的改进措施,避免类似事故的再次发生。  相似文献   

11.
用平板刚性拘束裂纹试验(PRRC)研究了4种国产低合金高强钢焊接冷裂敏感性,探讨了焊接接头扩散氢含量、焊接线能量、局部预热温度、拘束度的大小及局部预热产生附加应力等对钢材冷裂纹敏感性的影响。建立了国产低合金高强钢的临界冷却时间判据tcr。实验表明此判据可靠,可用于评定现行焊接工艺条件下是否产生冷裂纹及确定合理的焊接工艺。  相似文献   

12.
A combined cycle fatigue (CCF) testing system with ultrasonic frequency component was developed toevaluate the CCF properties of S350 steel welded joints in this study. The fatigue testing results indicated that the S-Ncurves of CCF did not have fatigue limit, which agreed with those of pure high frequency fatigue of welded joints. TheS-N curves showed that the CCF strength of welded joints dropped greatly with the increasing interaction between highand low frequency fatigue loading. An approximation design method of CCF was presented using amplitude envelopeas the stress range.  相似文献   

13.
根据高炉炉壳生产实际,分别使用气电立焊和埋弧自动横焊两种焊接工艺对50 mm厚的BB503型炉壳用钢板进行焊接,对焊缝进行外观检查、无损探伤,对焊接接头进行拉伸、侧弯、冲击、硬度等性能测试,并对焊接热影响区的显微组织进行了观察和分析。结果表明,BB503炉壳用钢的气电立焊和埋弧自动横焊焊接接头抗拉强度和冲击吸收功均大于母材,具有优良的综合力学性能;焊缝区及热影响区的显微维氏硬度分布和热影响区的组织均匀性均显著优于传统的CO2气体保护焊和手工电弧焊接头。气电立焊和埋弧自动横焊工艺可以替代CO2气体保护焊和手工电弧焊工艺用于高炉炉壳焊接制造。  相似文献   

14.
Theresistanceofapipelinesteeltohydrogensulfidestresscorrosioncracking (SCC)andhydrogen inducedcrack ing (HIC)isveryimportantforsteeltobeusedinsouroil/gasapplications.ElongatedMnSinclusionsarethemostsus ceptiblesitesforHICinitiation[1] ashydrogenatomscaneasi lyaccumulateattheinterfacebetweenthesteelmatrixandnon metallicinclusions.ThesegregationofsuchelementsasP ,Mn ,Cinthesteelenhancestheformationofhardbandsoncooling[2 ] .Theexistenceofthebandingstructurenotonlydecreasestheresistanceofthe…  相似文献   

15.
Contrast tests were carried out to study the fatigue performance of the butt joints treated by ultrasonic peening, aiming at the improvement of ultrasonic peening treatment(UPT) on welded joints of a new material. The material is a new generation of fine grain and high purity SS400 steel that has the same ingredients as the traditional low carbon steel. The specimens are in two different states:welded and ultrasonic peening conditions. The corresponding fatigue testing data were analyzed according to the regulation of the statistical method for fatigue life of the welded joints established by International Institute of Welding(IIW). Welding residual stress was considered in two different ways: the constant stress ratio R = 0.5 and the Ohta method. The nominalstress-number (σ-N) curves were corrected because of the different plate thickness compared to the standard and because there was no mismatch or angular deformation. The results indicated that: 1 ) Compared with the welded specimens, when the stress range was 200 MPa, the fatigue life of the SS400 steel specimens treated by ultrasonic peening is prolonged by over 58 times, and the fatigue strength FAT corresponding to 106 cycles is increased by about 66%; 2) As for the SS400 butt joint ( single side welding double sides molding) , after being treated by UPT, the nominal S-N curve (m = 10) of FAT 100 MPa(R =0.5) should be used for fatigue design. The standard S-N curves of FAT 100 MPa (R = 0.5, m = 10) could be used for fatigue design of the SS400 steel butt joints treated by ultrasonic peening.  相似文献   

16.
唐威 《唐山学院学报》2021,34(3):10-14,28
采用激光填丝焊对Al-Li-Er铝合金进行焊接处理,研究激光功率、焊接速度和送丝速度对焊接接头显微组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,当送丝速度为3 m/min和4 m/min时,Al-Li-Er合金焊接接头的焊缝面积都会随着激光功率和焊接速度的增大而逐渐减小;在相同激光功率和焊接速度时,送丝速度的增加会增大焊缝面积,且随着送丝速度的增加,激光焊接接头的上余高系数和下余高系数都呈现逐渐增加的趋势。Al-Li-Er合金适宜的激光焊接工艺参数为激光功率3 kW、焊接速度3 m/min、送丝速度2~3 m/min,此时焊接接头的室温拉伸性能与母材较为接近。  相似文献   

17.
本文作者利用自行研制的激光测氢装置,测量了焊接接头和U型试样中的氢分布,并且推导了U型试样弯曲部分(塑性变形区)的应变、残余应力计算公式。结果表明:在焊接接头中,1.沿熔深方向上,氢分布是不均匀的。最高氢含量在熔合线附近;2.氢的具体分布情况,取决于焊缝金属和母材原始含氢量,以及金相组织。在U型试样中,1.计算应变的公式ε_θ~ρ=(tθ)/(πr_0)和应力公式σ_θ=F((tθ)/(πr_0))~n可以用来计算无明显反弹的U型试样弯曲部分的应变量和残余应力值。1Cr18Ni9Ti(C.R.)钢的F=990MPa、n=0.146;2.氢分布明显受应力和应变的影响。应力、应变值愈大,含氢量愈高。  相似文献   

18.
The National Swimming Center built for the 2008Beijing Olympic Games applies the polyhedron spatialframe structure, which is based on the foam physicstheory[1]. Its simple geometry is a square box of 170m×170 m×29 m. It can hold 17 000 people, theroof o…  相似文献   

19.
Zirconiumalloyspossessingverylowabsorptionforthermalneutrons,goodcorrosionresistanceinhightemperaturewater ,andreasonablemechanicalprop ertiesareimportantmaterialsfornuclearindustry ,andhavebeenemployedasnuclearfuelcladdingandasstructurematerialsinlight…  相似文献   

20.
A type of hollow cylinder joints connected with H-shaped beams is proposed for spatial structures. Based on von Mises yield criterion and perfect elasto-plasticity model, a series of finite element models of the joints is established, in which the effect of geometric nonlinearity is taken into account. Then mechanical behavior and load-carrying capacity of the joints were investigated, which were subjected to axial load, in- and out-plane bending moments, and their combinations. The results show that the ultimate loads of the joints are determined by the maximum displacement. Furthermore, the case of one joint connected with multiple beams was discussed. Experiments on a set of typical full-scale joints were conducted to understand the structural behavior and the failure mechanism of joint, and also to validate the finite element models. Finally, the practical calculation method was established through finite elements analysis (FEA) results and numerical fitting. The results show that the joints are more ductile and materially economical than welded hollow spherical joints, and the practical calculation method can provide a reference for direct design and the revision of relevant design codes.  相似文献   

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