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1.
G. A. Dvoenosova 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2016,43(1):36-41
Document theory is the least explored area of study about documents. It lags significantly behind applied document research, which summarizes various document processing practices that have accumulated for thousands of years. This problem has recently been complicated by the rise of so-called general document theories. The boundaries of the document concept have become blurred due to the development of parallel areas of study and their forced differentiation into “classic” and “library” document science. In addition, knowledge about objects that are referred to as documents that can neither be properly integrated nor applied in practice is being developed. This situation is mainly due to the lack of attention that is paid by document scientists to the theoretical and methodological issues of document science. This paper reviews the origins, nature, and the social roles of documents from the perspective of a synergetic paradigm and has the goal of constructing a synergetic document theory. 相似文献
2.
G. N. Shvetsova-Vodka 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2007,34(4):206-211
Although the definition of a document has been the subject of a vast number of works, analysis of the latest publications shows that the question remains controversial. In this article the two definitions of “document” accepted as the broadest ones, i.e., the principal and conventional ones, are taken for examination. The principal definition of a document starts from the document as a part in the social information-communication process, therefore, having its place in it and performing a function that is major, and obligatory for the document. The conventional definition limits the scope of this concept, mostly in terms of material and characters, with allowance for specific features in the operation of documental communication systems. 相似文献
3.
David A. Ucko 《Curator: The Museum Journal》2013,56(1):21-30
By creating new media channels that enable anyone to reach the public directly, the Internet has reduced the need for a middleman, resulting in the “disintermediation” of science communication. New providers of informal science learning are emerging in community settings, as well as in sources online. These changes raise the critical question of how science centers can adapt to an expanding ecosystem of mediated and unmediated sources. This article points out strengths of science centers that offer some grounds for optimism. Promising efforts are identified and possible directions are proposed at the community and institutional level. 相似文献
4.
E. A. Pleshkevich 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2008,35(6):263-268
The concept of a “technotronic document” is analyzed. The content of the concept is suggested to be bound not only with the technical origin of a document but also with other essential signs. 相似文献
5.
我国古代“正本”一词的文档类义项最早产生于南北朝时期,其含义是指相对副本而言的图书或文件的原本。在古代,“正本”一词的出现次数呈现波动性发展趋势,元代出现次数最低,清代的使用达到顶峰。在近现代,“正本”一词除了继承古代用法外,其使用趋于集中化与专业化。特别是现今,随着数字化技术的发展,电子档案的推广与实行,“正本”一词的应用有所创新,更加强调其电子文本,且正、副本具有同等法律效力的概念趋势也将越来越明显。 相似文献
6.
《Journal of Informetrics》2020,14(1):100998
Biomedical research encompasses diverse types of activities, from basic science (“bench”) to clinical medicine (“bedside”) to bench-to-bedside translational research. It, however, remains unclear whether different types of research receive citations at varying rates. Here we aim to answer this question by using a newly proposed paper-level indicator that quantifies the extent to which a paper is basic science or clinical medicine. Applying this measure to 5 million biomedical papers, we find a systematic citation disadvantage of clinical oriented papers; they tend to garner far fewer citations and are less likely to be hit works than papers oriented towards basic science. At the same time, clinical research has a higher variance in its citation. We also find that the citation difference between basic and clinical research decreases, yet still persists, if longer citation-window is used. Given the increasing adoption of short-term, citation-based bibliometric indicators in funding decisions, the under-cited effect of clinical research may provide disincentives for bio-researchers to venture into the translation of basic scientific discoveries into clinical applications, thus providing explanations of reasons behind the existence of the gap between basic and clinical research that is commented as “valley of death” and the commentary of “extinction” risk of translational researchers. Our work may provide insights to policy-makers on how to evaluate different types of biomedical research. 相似文献
7.
8.
《Journal of Informetrics》2023,17(3):101432
The disruption (D) index is a network-based indicator to quantify the extent to which a focal paper disrupts its predecessors. This study focuses on what disruption means by examining example articles related to “sleeping beauties in science” and frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF). We investigated the structure of the citation network and subsequent papers’ motivations for citing the focal papers. Based on the observation that conceptual work is more likely to disrupt science than technical work, we hypothesize that disruption reflects the mechanism of how paradigms shift in the development of science. We also assume that the disruption identified by the D index indicates more than generating a new direction. Disruptive contributions include revolutionary studies such as Nobel-prize-winning papers, as suggested in previous work. However, disruptive contributions also include scientific dissemination of new terminology created by popular proposals, such as “sleeping beauties in science.” Such contributions redefine and popularize phenomena in science. 相似文献
9.
《Journal of Informetrics》2014,8(1):162-174
We have developed a (freeware) routine for “Referenced Publication Years Spectroscopy” (RPYS) and apply this method to the historiography of “iMetrics,” that is, the junction of the journals Scientometrics, Informetrics, and the relevant subset of JASIST (approx. 20%) that shapes the intellectual space for the development of information metrics (bibliometrics, scientometrics, informetrics, and webometrics). The application to information metrics (our own field of research) provides us with the opportunity to validate this methodology, and to add a reflection about using citations for the historical reconstruction. The results show that the field is rooted in individual contributions of the 1920s to 1950s (e.g., Alfred J. Lotka), and was then shaped intellectually in the early 1960s by a confluence of the history of science (Derek de Solla Price), documentation (e.g., Michael M. Kessler's “bibliographic coupling”), and “citation indexing” (Eugene Garfield). Institutional development at the interfaces between science studies and information science has been reinforced by the new journal Informetrics since 2007. In a concluding reflection, we return to the question of how the historiography of science using algorithmic means—in terms of citation practices—can be different from an intellectual history of the field based, for example, on reading source materials. 相似文献
10.
L. A. Khodorovskii 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2014,41(1):47-56
This paper reviews the relationship between the concepts of “information,” “data,” and document that are applied both with regard to traditional and electronic information resources. The distinction between the information and document concepts is discussed. A document is viewed as an integral part (element) of data. The methodological difference between data searches in two types of information systems, viz., factual and document, is discussed. 相似文献
11.
ABSTRACT The “difficult” requests submitted by the research library users prove document delivery vendors could hardly replace interlibrary loan librarians. “Difficult” requests ask for the “grey literature” not traded commercially and not kept in libraries. They require the special attention and professional knowledge of the interlibrary loan librarian. Besides usual bibliographic and reference tools, the Internet, e-mail, and the search engines have to be employed to solve them. The help of those responsible for the production of the literature in question is significant. In tackling “difficult” requests, interlibrary loan librarians may further add value to their services by facilitating sharing between scholars or researchers. Five actual cases are presented to illustrate how the “difficult” requests were tackled and solved. 相似文献
12.
Alison F. Eardley Clara Mineiro Joselia Neves Peter Ride 《Curator: The Museum Journal》2016,59(3):263-286
The authors discuss the principles of “access for all” in museums, both physical and intellectual access. They explore this question of multisensory processing in neurologically typical individuals, and case studies of two Portuguese museums that experimented with implementation of an “access for all” approach to the presentation of their permanent collections. The study was designed with three phases: addressing architectural barriers to access, preparation of accessible information about space and objects, and testing of alternative formats to convey this information to learn how to meet diverse needs in different ways. Set in the context of research on multisensory learning, this article discusses why an access for all principle is a majority issue as well as a moral and legal concept. It discusses two case studies where an “access for all” museological approach has been applied to access to the collections, with differing success. The discussion focuses on how an “access for all” approach could enhance learning, long‐term memorability and the ‘cultural value’ of a museum experience for all visitors. 相似文献
13.
《Public Library Quarterly》2013,32(2):45-56
Abstract This concept was initially developed by William Wilson, library consultant, PROVIDENCE Associates Inc. It was modified for a presentation at die 1996 Texas State Library Association Convention. It outlines a different way of thinking about funding libraries, an innovative framework that will interest legislators in the plight of their under-funded library services. Wilson and Waters refer to this new structure as a “Library Authority.” The concept would allow the question of funding to go directly to the voters, who are those most concerned with the quality of libraries. This quality is also addressed by Waters, who considers quantity and volume as a faulty line of reasoning for gathering support. “We make little mention of the long-term impact associated with introducing a four-year old to the world of books… or to the economic impact derived from helping a saleswoman locate a new market for her products.” Mr. Waters hopes others will assist in fleshing out this concept for the good of all libraries. 相似文献
14.
The open science movement, although not new to social science broadly, has gained momentum recently within communication science. In response, journals in our field have begun encouraging open science practices, from data and materials sharing to submitting preregistered research reports. However, this momentum has also led to some confusion over what is and is not considered open science and what the value of open sciences practices is. In this editorial we lay out an “onion model” of open science that describes increasing levels of transparency and suggests how open science practices can be understood less as a revolutionary concept but more as a logical extension of some of the historical pillars of scientific norms. Through this model, we provide tangible steps for how scholars may begin thinking about how to introduce open science practices into their current and future empirical efforts. 相似文献
15.
Douglas Ehninger 《Communication Studies》2013,64(3):157-162
This article explores a type of inference which, instead of resting on logical, semantical, or institutional rules, rests upon rules asserted to be constitutive of the act of communicating. The logical and pragmatic status of these “fourth class” inferences is explored and their implications for the concept of “serious speech” are suggested. 相似文献
16.
领域热点识别是科技情报与文献计量领域研究的关键问题之一,其能够为科技、教育部门的政策制定及科研人员的研究决策提供参考和依据。现有领域热点识别的研究主要基于文献计量学方法,并没有利用丰富的Web数据。本文提出了一种基于涌现模式挖掘的框架,利用社会化问答社区中的问答内容来识别领域研究热点。首先,提取问答内容中的关键词,并基于关键词的共现性进行聚类;然后,基于聚类结果构建候选研究热点模式集合,利用涌现模式挖掘方法识别领域研究热点并分析其发展趋势。本文基于知乎社区的“机器学习”话题数据集进行实验,利用卡方检验与领域前沿进行对比,结果表明该框架能够有效识别领域研究热点。该方法利用关键词聚类较好的缓解了涌现模式识别方法计算复杂度大等问题,具有良好的可行性;同时,该方法在线社区热点识别等问题中具有潜在的应用价值。 相似文献
17.
《Journal of Informetrics》2014,8(1):98-110
Dynamic development is an intrinsic characteristic of research topics. To study this, this paper proposes two sets of topic attributes to examine topic dynamic characteristics: topic continuity and topic popularity. Topic continuity comprises six attributes: steady, concentrating, diluting, sporadic, transforming, and emerging topics; topic popularity comprises three attributes: rising, declining, and fluctuating topics. These attributes are applied to a data set on library and information science publications during the past 11 years (2001–2011). Results show that topics on “web information retrieval”, “citation and bibliometrics”, “system and technology”, and “health science” have the highest average popularity; topics on “h-index”, “online communities”, “data preservation”, “social media”, and “web analysis” are increasingly becoming popular in library and information science. 相似文献
18.
里耶秦简“义陵用度简”是一份官文书,其传递过程是“A县库→A县廷→迁陵县廷→迁陵库”,可分为“库□告县廷书”“丞欧告迁陵主书”和“迁陵守丞殷告库书”三个传递阶段。其中,“丞欧告迁陵主书”和“迁陵守丞殷告库书”在县廷的处理流程可归纳为“原件签署+抄件批转+原件存档/抄件送出”,即:①在原件上签署收文记录;②抄写文书正文部分,制成抄件;③丞欧/守丞殷批转抄件;④将“批转”意见转抄到原件上;⑤原件存档,抄件送出。此种处理流程是秦汉时期官文书传递流转的重要方式之一,可用于分析“义陵用度简”同类文书的流转情况。 相似文献
19.
A. N. Gurov Yu. G. Goncharova G. B. Bubyakin 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2016,43(2):88-94
The concept of “open access” to scientific and teaching information has become one of the specific forms of the worldwide trend towards the formation of global interactive knowledge. This paper presents the basic information on open access (OA) to scientific and teaching information, its current status, financing options, problems and prospects of development, and the participation of Russia in this process. 相似文献
20.
Jane Cho 《Library Collections, Acquisitions, and Technical Services》2013,37(3-4):107-117
In order to analyze and compare the intellectual structure of information organization research in Japan and Korea, this study has carried out frequency analysis and network text analysis of research articles published in the last two years. Analysis showed that the Japanese information organization area has a high frequency of research centered on the concepts of “catalog” and “classification”. In particular, “catalog” is seen to have a high figure in degree centrality by network text analysis, it can be said that the “catalog” concept has extensive connections with a diverse range of subjects in the area of information organization. On the other hand, the Korean information organization research area showed a high frequency and connectivity of subjects related to “classification” rather than “catalog”. The “classification” concept is seen to have extensive connections with other various subjects in the Korean information organization research area. 相似文献