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专利审查机制是提升高校专利质量的重要途径,本文通过构建博弈模型探讨了专利审查对教职工发明披露和高校专利许可策略的影响。结果表明：专利审查对教职工发明披露有负面作用,但对高价值发明披露影响较弱;高校专利质量较差时须进行审查,但不可与提高教职工许可收益同时实施,专利审查比例与许可收益分配比例及转化成本负相关;最后,专利审查应与高校的许可策略配套实施,仅当预期未来收益较低时才可对外许可未经审查的教职工发明。 相似文献
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基于过程管理视角开展绩效影响因素分析有助于厘清我国科技成果转化不力的真正原因。以我国专利申请排名前28位的教育部部属高校2008-2015年的面板数据为研究对象,针对发明披露、专利申请、专利出售三个环节开展专利转移绩效影响共性因素分析。统计数据表明28所高校的平均发明披露率为86%,专利申请倾向和专利出售绩效各所高校差异显著;实证分析表明发明披露、专利申请、专利出售三个环节中,前置环节对后续环节逐级发挥影响,且均受高校组织特征、收益分配制度、区域发展水平的显著影响;最后,问卷调查验证和丰富了实证结果。据此,提出应重视高校专利转移各环节关联性,运用过程管理手段改善绩效。 相似文献
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[研究目的]高校专利源于发明人的科研活动,发明人对其可转化性起决定性作用。从发明人特征角度研究专利可转化性对专利转化评估与质量管控机制建设具有积极意义。[研究方法]该文从多个维度构建发明人特征指标体系,以2873件高校授权发明专利为分析样本,先用独立样本非参数检验对比转化组与未转化组样本之间各项发明人特征指标的差异性,再用二元逻辑回归的方法研究各指标与专利可转化性的关系。[研究结论]高校专利可转化性与其发明人特征显著相关;重视专利质量而非数量、具备高级职称、担任行政职务且与多家企业有过合作的发明人所创造的专利可转化性更强。高校专利工作应从追求数量向提升质量转变,通过政策改革等方式引导发明人主动加强产学合作、牢固树立质量意识、深度参与专利转化。 相似文献
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高校专利有效性的现状分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用静态有效率、五年有效率和动态有效率三个指标对高校专利的有效性进行分析,指出高校专利有效性低的主要原因在于高校专利的学术声誉价值过高而收益价值较低,提出应淡化专利的学术声誉价值,去除专利申请中的泡沫,强化专利的市场属性,同时应提高专利的收益价值,加强专利的实施转让,使专利在市场中创造价值,这样才能真正提高高校专利的有效率. 相似文献
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专利收益影响因素实证研究 《科学学研究》2021,39(10):1850-1859
专利收益具有动态性、随机性、不平衡性、相对性和隐蔽性等特征,是专利创造、运用、保护、管理和服务等的核心,与专利数量、质量和价值等关系密切。以中国授权、国内居民拥有的法定保护期于2019年届满的专利为研究对象,基于逻辑回归-BP神经网络模型对专利收益影响因素分析发现：专利主体特征对专利收益的影响程度最大,专利客体特征和专利事件特征对专利收益的影响程度相对较弱,且比较接近;主体特征中专利权人类型、专利权人所在地区经济状况和发明人数对专利收益的影响程度依次递减;客体特征中同族专利数、独立权利要求数和专利引证数对专利收益的影响依次递减;事件特征中专利审查时间、诉讼涉案数和专利被引数对专利收益的影响程度依次递减。 相似文献
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从专利情报分析的角度,从定量和定性两方面分析广东省高校专利运营能力较强的前10所高校运营情况,包括专利运营总体趋势、专利转让时间特征和地域分布、技术热点分布和被引频次等。研究结果表明,该10所高校的专利运营能力已经走在全国高校前列,但仍需进一步完善专利运用体制建设、培育高价值专利、促进科技成果转化,在广东省乃至全国高校的专利运营中起到引领示范作用。 相似文献
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如何开发利用失效专利 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
许家安 《科学学与科学技术管理》1999,20(8):30-33
1998年,随着中国失效专利光盘的诞生,国内掀起了一股开发利用失效专利的热潮,从而拉开了我国公众开发应用失效专利的序幕.大家知道,专利是指一项发明创造,即发明、实用新型和外观设计的发明人或设计人向国家知识产权局专利局提出专利申请,经依法审查合格后,向专利申请人授予的在中国领域规定时间内对该发明创造享有的专利权,具有排他性,在专利法规定的有效期间内专利权人对其发明创造享有独占权.专利无形财产的产权,与有形财产产权相比较,具有专有性、时间性和地域性三大特征,这就决定了保护期届满以及届满前因法律规定的种种原因将导致专利失去效力,即不再受到法律保护,从而出现了所谓的"失效专利",这种"失效专利"进入公有领域,成为社会的公共财富,任何人都可以无偿地自由享用. 相似文献
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基于我国高校已转移的发明专利,筛选出与本研究直接相关的17500条数据,这些发明专利作为高校技术转移活动中专利技术的载体,是分析高校专利技术转移产出的直接数据来源。以知识转移理论为基础,从转移方、接收方、技术知识特性及技术转移路径四个层面对绩效指标体系进行构建,弥补了现有指标中收益指标过多,评价指标不易获取且分散,实证操作困难等不足。同时应用该指标体系,对我国238所高校专利技术转移绩效进行了综合评价,上海交通大学,清华大学,东南大学位于第一梯队,哈尔滨工业大学、江南大学等高校位于第二梯队,重庆大学、武汉大学等高校位于第三梯队,属于同一梯队的高校,虽综合得分相近,但其绩效表现形式并不相同。 相似文献
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US faculty patenting: Inside and outside the university 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In a sample of 5811 patents with US faculty as inventors, 26% are assigned solely to firms rather than universities as dictated by US university employment policies and Bayh-Dole. We relate assignment to patent characteristics, university policy, and inventor field. Patents assigned to firms (whether established or start-ups with inventor as principal) are less basic than those assigned to universities suggesting firm assigned patents result from faculty consulting. Assignment to inventor-related start-ups is less likely the higher the share of revenue inventors receive from university-licensed patents. Firm assignment also varies by inventor field and whether the university is public or private. 相似文献
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The concept of regional technology spill-overs created by university research is one of the most enduring theories within the economic geography and innovation management fields. This article introduces an alternative perspective on academic commercialization, arguing that the quality of a university's regional environment can significantly impact a university's success in commercializing science. Recent research on university technology transfer stresses the importance of personal contacts between academic and industry scientists in driving commercialization. The social structure of the regional economy in which a university is embedded will strongly influence the density of contacts linking university scientists with individuals in industry, and through doing so, impact the density of networks through which university knowledge can be commercialized. Social network analysis is used to examine the quality of social ties linking industry and university scientists within the San Francisco and Los Angeles California biotechnology industries over the 1980–2005 period. Results support the theory that the existence of strong social networks linking inventors heightens university commercialization output. Despite similar university research endowments, universities in San Francisco have dramatically commercialization outputs than San Francisco, which is correlated with the existence of cohesive inventor networks linking industry and university scientists in this region, but not Los Angeles. Moreover, longitudinal analysis shows that the commercialization output of San Francisco universities increased substantially starting in the early 1990s, the time period in which cohesive inventor networks emerged in the region. 相似文献
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This paper examined the relationship between organizational ambidexterity and research commercialization in universities. The paper develops two types of organizational ambidexterity: structural ambidexterity and contextual ambidexterity that influence research commercialization. Through a dataset of 474 academic patent inventors in Taiwan, the results revealed structural and contextual ambidexterity factors are patenting-, licensing- and start-up-specific. Despite both types of ambidexterity are complementary in patenting and licensing, contextual ambidexterity outperform structural ambidexterity in fostering university start-up equity participation. To promote academic research commercialization, it is necessary to build up a university as a dual structural organization that allows pursuing research excellence and research commercialization at the same time. 相似文献
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Reconsidering the Bayh-Dole Act and the Current University Invention Ownership Model 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 provided U.S. universities with the right to commercialize employees’ inventions made while engaged in government-funded research. This paper argues that the current university invention ownership model, in which universities maintain de jure ownership of inventions, is not optimal either in terms of economic efficiency or for advancing the social interest of rapidly commercializing technology and encouraging entrepreneurship. We argue that this model is plagued by ineffective incentives, information asymmetries, and contradictory motivations for the university, the inventors, potential licensees, and university technology licensing offices (TLOs). These structural uncertainties can lead to delays in licensing, misaligned incentives among parties, and obstacles to the flow of scientific information and the materials necessary for scientific progress. The institutional arrangements within which TLOs are embedded have encouraged some of them to become revenue maximizers, rather than facilitators of technology dissemination for the good of the entire society.We suggest two alternative invention commercialization models as superior alternatives. The first alternative is to vest ownership with the inventor, who could choose the commercialization path for the invention. For this privilege the inventor would provide the university an ownership stake in any returns to the invention. The inventor would be free to contract with the university TLO or any other entity that might assist in commercialization. The second alternative is to make all inventions immediately publicly available through a public domain strategy or, through a requirement that all inventions be licensed non-exclusively. Both alternatives would address the current dysfunctional arrangements in university technology commercialization. 相似文献
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Cheaper patents 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Tom Nicholas 《Research Policy》2011,40(2):325-339
The 1883 Patents Act in Britain provides perspective for modern patent policy reforms because it radically changed incentives for inventors by reducing filing fees by 84 percent. Patents increased 2.5-fold after the reform, which was evenly distributed across the geography of inventors, the organization of invention and sectors. By realizing a large demand for cheaper patents the reform increased the propensity to patent and shifted inventive activity inside the patent system. It did not increase innovation as measured by changes in the distribution of high and low value patents and citations to English inventor patents in the United States. 相似文献
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高校科技成果使用权、处置权和收益权下放改革是促进高校专利技术转移的重要举措。采用65所高校2009～2017年的科技统计数据,基于倾向得分匹配-双重差分方法(PSM-DID)评估“三权下放”改革试点政策促进高校专利技术转移的效果。研究发现：(1)“三权下放”改革试点政策对高校专利转让数量和转让收入都具有显著正向影响；(2)试点政策对专利转让数量存在时间滞后效应,对专利转让收入存在动态效应；(3)试点政策效果存在异质性,主要促进了双一流高校、东部高校和理工类高校的专利技术转移；(4)专利申请对于试点政策促进专利技术转移具有中介作用,试点政策通过减少专利申请提高了专利技术转移绩效。 相似文献
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“双一流”建设是我国高等教育强国建设的战略安排,是我国高等教育发展的必由之路。“双一流”建设之一流大学建设高校,是高等教育强国建设的“领头雁”,研究一流大学建设高校科研创新效率,加快提升科学研究水平具有重大现实意义。本文以一流大学高校为研究对象,构建了突出科研产出质量和服务的综合效率评价指标体系,在传统DEA模型基础上运用随机前沿分析理论,通过三阶段DEA模型方法测度一流大学建设高校的科研效率,并进一步分析环境因素对科研效率的影响差异。研究结果表明：(1)环境变量和随机误差是影响一流大学科研效率的重要因素,我国一流大学整体科研效率存在虚高现象,剔除环境因素后样本高校综合效率和纯技术效率均值都明显下降。(2)地区经济水平、居民受教育程度和政府扶持力度对各个高校科研效率存在差异性影响,并据此将高校分为稳定型、发展型和改进型三类。(3)一流大学建设高校科研效率存在分化倾向,规模收益递减现象突出,其科研效率提升的关键是缩减规模、完善内部治理结构、优化资源配置,持续深化科研体系改革。 相似文献