共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 343 毫秒
1.
调查高中一年级男女学生隐形肥胖者的血清脂质性状的特征.受试者为男子400名、女子400名共800名15～16岁的高一学生.结果如下：（1）隐形肥胖者男子为33名（8.3%）,女子为41名（10.3%）（标准：男子17≤BMI＜23.60和BF≥25%、女子17≤BMI＜24.17和BF≥30%）.（2）非隐形肥胖者男子为303名,女子为305名（标准：男子17≤BMI≤23.60和BF＜25%、女子17≤BMI＜24.17和BF＜30%）.（3）隐形肥胖者总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDLC）、甘油三酸脂（TG）和动脉硬化（AI）等指标明显高于非隐形肥胖者（P＜0.05～0.01）.研究结果发现在高中一年级学生中存在一定数量的隐形肥胖者,并与高浓度血清脂质有关,是发生动脉硬化的危险因子. 相似文献
2.
运用文献资料、专家访谈、素质测试、比较分析和数理统计等方法,研究湖北省网球后备人才身体素质现状。结果表明：男运动员的800m跑、背力、原地纵跳身体素质指标明显优于女运动员,且具有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。扇形跑、立定跳远、30m跑、握力男运动员略优于女运动员;一分钟双摇跳绳、反应时、坐位体前屈女运动员略优于男运动员,... 相似文献
3.
通过在高校体育教学课程中引入拓展训练教学课,分析拓展训练教学课对大学生体质健康指标的变化情况。研究发现:实验后女子的肺活量、坐位体前屈及立定跳远和800m的成绩,男子的肺活量、立定跳远和1000m跑的成绩与实验前相比差异显著(P0.05或P0.01),与对照组相比,实验后男子和女子的肺活量及和800m(女)、1000m(男)跑的成绩呈显著性差异(P0.05)。表明:相对于普通体育教学课,拓展训练课可以更好地提高学生的耐力能力和呼吸系统机能水平。 相似文献
4.
吕青 《武汉体育学院学报》2009,43(1):91
运用文献资料法、比较分析法、现场测试等研究方法,对第29届奥运会男女跳远和三级跳远决赛运动员的基本情况、前后三跳成绩、成功率、速度变化特征等内容进行研究.结果表明:男女跳远和三级跳远运动员的最佳竞技能力具有相对稳定的成熟期,男女跳远运动员的竞技能力达到个人最好成绩的97.59%和97.92%,其中第一、二跳是成功率最高的两个跳次,男子的最好成绩出现在第四和第六跳次,女子的最好成绩则出现在第二和第三跳次;男女三级跳远运动员的竞技能力高达个人最好成绩的98.78%和99.80%,最好成绩出现在第二和第三跳次;女子跳远和男女三级跳远运动员前三跳的助跑速度和最佳成绩均比后三跳要快、要好,而男子跳远运动员的情况则相反. 相似文献
5.
根据BMI和体脂百分比标准判别成人肥胖度效力的评估性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用WHO推荐的BMI标准和日本体脂百分比标准,对5 020名18～22岁成年学生的肥胖度进行交互判别的结果显示,对体脂正常者与体重偏轻者的判别结果一致性程度较高,其差异不超过10%,但被F%标准判别为轻、中、重度肥胖者的比例大于用BMI标准判别为超重和肥胖者的比例.如按F%标准衡量,在男女BMI正常者中约10%～20%的人属于超重或肥胖者.BMI的第95%位数相当于BMI超重标准,F%的第85%位数相当于F%的男子轻度肥胖与女子中度肥胖标准. 相似文献
6.
本文对陕西省跆拳道运动员身体形态和身体素质状况进行了测试分析。结果表明：（1）身体形态指标,呈现出男子均值大于女子、运动技术等级高的大于技术等级低的趋势;体脂百分率女子高于男子。（2）速度素质：30米跑男子成绩均值快于女子;10米×4折返跑,同一运动技术等级均值男子快于女子;同一性别比较,运动技术等级高的跑得快;10秒快速提膝,男子二级运动员均值成绩高于三级和一级运动员;女子二级高于一级和三级;一级运动员,男女均值比较接近,但低于二级运动员,与三级运动员均值变化不大。（3）力量素质：30秒两头起,男子成绩均值高于女子。前抛实心球,男女队员运动技术等级越高,成绩均值越高。立定跳远,同一运动技术等级均值,男子高于女子;运动技术等级高的队员成绩均值大于技术等级低的。（4）耐力素质：400米,800米和3200米跑,都反映出同一运动技术等级男子运动员成绩均值快于女子。（5）柔韧素质（坐位体前屈指标）：女子运动员柔韧性优于男子。 相似文献
7.
文章通过对深圳8～16岁肥胖学生的筛查,并在此基础上对肥胖学生和正常学生的体质测试结果的对比分析,试图了解肥胖学生的体质特征。对3833名8～16岁学生的肥胖筛选后,选择的对照组与肥胖组的人数和基本条件基本一致,测试对照组与肥胖组的指标有体质总分、握力、肺活量、50米跑、立定跳远和坐位体前屈。结果:肥胖检出率为8.8%(男生9.3%,女生7.3%),低于全国和广州市水平;肥胖组的握力和肺活量优于对照组,对照组的体质总分、50米跑、立定跳远和坐位体前屈优于肥胖组。结论:肥胖学生的体质总分、爆发力、速度和柔韧性低于正常学生,而依赖于体重的握力和肺活量高于正常学生。 相似文献
8.
目的:探讨超重肥胖初中生形态、生理特点与运动能力间的关系,了解超重肥胖初中生的运动能力特征,为青少年超重肥胖的运动干预方案设计提供指导。方法:对某中学初中生进行测试,筛选出超重肥胖学生,从中选取40名,在正常学生中选取40名作为对照组进行身体形态及运动能力测试,对测试数据进行统计分析。结果显示:超重肥胖初中生血压偏高;肺活量偏高,但肺活量指数远低于正常初中生;初中生运动能力降低,50m跑,长跑、立定跳等成绩低于正常初中生,而投掷、握力与正常组无差异;通过相关性分析表明,BMI和%BF同50m、长跑、立定跳等相关性显著。 相似文献
9.
第三讲不同性别、不同运动项目肌肉功率发挥的特点及提高人体肌肉功率的方法1.男女在肌肉功率上所表现出来的差异男性与女性在体力方面的差异是很明显的。从形态特征方面比较,女子要比男子低3—10％;从机能方面特别是体力,要比男子低20—50％,这反映在各体育项目中女子的成绩都低于男子,说明动作中人体肌肉功率发挥方面确实存在着性别差异。对男子和女子分别进行肘屈肌和膝伸肌的 F—V,F—P 实测结果所得的曲线,分析比较 相似文献
10.
肥胖与过低体重对女大学生心肺功能及运动能力的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以女大学生为研究对象，探讨肥胖与过低体重对女大学生心肺功能及运动能力的影响。结果表明：肥胖与过低体重的女大学生在心肺功能等１５项指标上和运动素质等５项指标上都低于正常体重的女大学生。其中，除肥胖组的最大吸氧量和肺活量绝对值及实心球掷远的成绩、过低体重组的最大吸氧量绝对值、肺活量绝对值及立定跳远和５０ｍ跑的成绩马正常体重组差异不显著外，其余指标差异十分明显。 相似文献
11.
Arianna Ceschia Stefano Giacomini Simone Santarossa Miriam Rugo Desy Salvadego Alessandro Da Ponte 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(2):271-278
The prevalence of obesity in children has increased dramatically during the past decades in Europe and understanding physical fitness and its components in children is critical to design and implement effective interventions. The objective of the present study was to analyse the association between physical fitness (aerobic, speed, agility, power, flexibility and balance) and body mass index (BMI) in pre-pubertal children. A total of 2411 healthy schoolchildren (7–11 years) participated in this study. Anthropometric characteristics and body composition were assessed by skinfold thickness. Physical fitness was measured by nine physical fitness tests: endurance running, 20 m running speed, agility, handgrip strength, standing long jump and squat jump, sit and reach, medicine ball forward throw and static balance. No relevant differences were observed between boys and girls regarding anthropometric characteristics, body composition and physical fitness. However, overweight and obese children showed significantly lower physical fitness levels in endurance running, speed and agility (mean: +18.8, +5.5 and +14.5% of time to complete tasks, respectively), lower limb power normalised to body mass (?23.3%) and balance tests (number of falls: +165.5%) than their normal weight counterparts. On the other hand, obesity did not affect handgrip, throwing and flexibility. In conclusion, increased BMI was associated with lower performance capabilities limiting proper motor skill development, which directly affects the ability of children to take on sports skills. Actions undertaken to promote children's wellness and fitness should be prioritised and introduced early in life with the aim of enhancing physical fitness as well as preventing overweight and obesity. 相似文献
12.
目的利用身体形态、体力活动和超声骨指标来预测超重和肥胖者的下肢骨密度、脊柱骨密度和全身骨密度。方法选取超重和肥胖男性受试者138名(年龄50.9±9.6岁;BMI29.1±2.6 kg/m^2),随机测量其身体形态(身高、体重、BMI、胸围和腰围等)、体力活动(握力、纵跳和肺活量等)和超声骨指标(超声声速和传播指数)。骨密度使用双能X线吸收测定法进行测量。使用Stepwise逐步回归法构建下肢骨密度、脊柱骨密度和全身骨密度的预测模型。结果多元线性回归分析显示,所构建的模型都能够有效地预测受试者的骨密度。其中,下肢骨密度预测模型的拟合度最高。Bland-Altman定量测量结果一致性分析表明,下肢骨密度、脊柱骨密度和全身骨密度的实测值与预测值具有显著的相关性(r=0.35,r=0.60,r=0.31;P<0.001)。结论研究所构建的模型可以有效预测不同年龄、肥胖程度和体力活动水平男性的下肢骨密度、脊柱骨密度和全身骨密度,适用于大规模人群的骨质疏松症筛查与早期防治。 相似文献
13.
Sacchetti R Ceciliani A Garulli A Masotti A Poletti G Beltrami P Leoni E 《Journal of sports sciences》2012,30(7):633-640
A cross-sectional study was carried out to analyse, through a limited number of fitness tests, the main conditioning and coordinative abilities in children aged 8-9 years, and their relationship with gender, anthropometric variables and physical activity habits. The height and weight of 256 boys and 241 girls were measured and information about physical activity habits was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Physical performance was assessed by means of a few standardised tests: 'sit & reach', medicine-ball forward throw, standing long jump, 20 m running speed, and forward roll test. In both boys and girls, body weight and body mass index (BMI) were positively correlated with the medicine-ball throw performances and negatively correlated for the standing long jump and speed tests, while no association was found with tests measuring back flexibility and total body coordination. Daily physical activity and participation in sport were not significantly correlated with body weight and BMI, but were positively associated with children's motor performance. The standardised fitness tests selected in the current study have been found to be suitable to identify fitness levels of primary school children. Thanks to their limited number and ease of measurement, they can be used in any school context to classify children and for monitoring the effects of targeted interventions promoting physical activity. 相似文献
14.
按照《学生体质健康标准》，对西安体育学院非体育专业大学生体质健康状况进行测试分析，结果表明西安体育学院非体育专业大学生的体质总体水平男生比女生要低，而且缺少优秀以上水平等级的学生。主要因素是男生的肥胖指数、台阶指数不及格人数较多。身体素质立定跳远成绩男女不及格率过高，是造成学生体质健康总体水平缺少优秀等级的主要原因。 相似文献
15.
Rossella Sacchetti Andrea Ceciliani Andrea Garulli Andrea Masotti Giuseppe Poletti Patrizia Beltrami 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):633-640
Abstract A cross-sectional study was carried out to analyse, through a limited number of fitness tests, the main conditioning and coordinative abilities in children aged 8–9 years, and their relationship with gender, anthropometric variables and physical activity habits. The height and weight of 256 boys and 241 girls were measured and information about physical activity habits was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Physical performance was assessed by means of a few standardised tests: ‘sit & reach’, medicine-ball forward throw, standing long jump, 20 m running speed, and forward roll test. In both boys and girls, body weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) were positively correlated with the medicine-ball throw performances and negatively correlated for the standing long jump and speed tests, while no association was found with tests measuring back flexibility and total body coordination. Daily physical activity and participation in sport were not significantly correlated with body weight and BMI, but were positively associated with children's motor performance. The standardised fitness tests selected in the current study have been found to be suitable to identify fitness levels of primary school children. Thanks to their limited number and ease of measurement, they can be used in any school context to classify children and for monitoring the effects of targeted interventions promoting physical activity. 相似文献
16.
目的探讨在健身健美操动态姿势中建立核心部位整体性意识的健身效应。方法将72人随机分为4组A(跳操)组、B(跳操 意识)组、C(跳操 力量)组、D(跳操 意识 力量)组,进行为期6个月的健身训练。在训练前、后对各组骶棘肌肌电指标、形态指标、素质指标等进行测试。结果B、D组在30s、60s时段波幅的增加及时程的降低较训练前具有非常显著性意义(P<0.01);B组在胸围、腰围、腹部皮脂3项指标的降低较A、C组具有显著性意义(P<0.05),D组训练后较C组同指标而言有显著差异(P<0.05)。D组在闭眼单脚站立、仰卧起坐、纵跳等3项指标的变化具有非常显著性变化(P<0.01)。B、D组对结果的满意度较高。结论采用核心部位整体意识进行健身健美操锻炼,能有效地锻炼腰腹部,增加骶棘肌肌力,改善形态指标,提高身体素质。 相似文献
17.
In this study, we determined the specificity of a low frequency taekwondo training programme on physical fitness levels in adolescent females who receive limited physical education instruction (i.e. 2 days per week). Major components of physical fitness assessed were: skeletal muscle fitness (hand grip strength, bent arm hang, standing long jump, and isokinetic strength), flexibility (sit-and-reach test), speed and agility (10 × 5-m shuttle run), and cardiovascular fitness (VO(2max) and 20-m shuttle run). Changes in body composition were also assessed (dual X-ray absorptiometry, DXA). Participants were divided into two groups, a taekwondo training group (n = 21), which trained 50 min a day, 2 days per week for 12 weeks, and a control group (n = 10). Taekwondo training improved isokinetic strength, standing long jump, and sit-and-reach performance. Body fat mass and percent body fat were reduced. No changes in grip strength, bent arm hang time, speed and agility, or cardiorespiratory fitness were observed. Results indicate that low frequency taekwondo training in adolescent females produces beneficial changes in skeletal muscle fitness, flexibility, and body composition in a relatively short period of time. Consequently, this specific type of training can be useful to female adolescents in structured school environments where physical education classes are limited and there is little free time for physical activity. 相似文献
18.
C A Macera K L Jackson G W Hagenmaier J J Kronenfeld H W Kohl S N Blair 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》1989,60(3):225-233
The incidence of orthopedic problems was examined in 5,582 men and women who attended the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, Texas between 1974 and 1982. The effects of age, physical activity, physical fitness, and body mass index (BMI) on the occurrence of these problems were examined using a proportional hazards approach. The expected risk of orthopedic problems per person-year was 0.045 for men and 0.046 for women. For men, physical fitness, BMI, and physical activity were associated with orthopedic problems, while for women, physical activity was the main predictor. Age was not a factor for either gender. The effect of change in physical fitness, physical activity, and BMI was examined in a subset of 2,325 persons with more than one visit to the clinic. For women, physical activity and a decrease in BMI were associated with orthopedic problems, while for men none of those factors were significant. Again, age was not a factor in either group. The absence of any age effect on the occurrence of problems suggests that with regard to orthopedic problems, moderate amounts of physical activity in generally healthy persons may be recommended without special consideration as to age. 相似文献