共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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采用多学科相结合的研究方式,以上海帆船项目备战2012年伦敦奥运会的重点运动员为研究对象,伦敦帆船比赛场地环境、特征测试与分析为研究核心,对运动员个体化技术诊断与分析、不同训练阶段机能状态监控方法、专项训练质量监控方法、伤病预防治疗与康复、训练过程与赛前心理调控、体能训练方法研究与监控、膳食与营养监控和体育科技信息分析等多方面进行综合攻关研究与服务。基本建立了上海帆船项目重点运动员备战伦敦奥运会综合科技服务保障平台,并逐步把研究成果应用于整个备战过程,提高训练效益,提升体育科技的实践能力,为上海帆船项目实现在伦敦奥运会争金夺牌的目标提供有力的科研支撑和科技保障。 相似文献
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帆船比赛中,起航阶段成功与否是比赛胜负关键之一。通过数值模拟方法得到了不同桅杆形状、不同扣角和倾角以及帆翼外形时帆翼空气动力系数随攻角变化关系。在帆翼空气动力性能数值模拟的基础上,分析发现,帆船起航阶段战术是保证帆船冲击力的关键,如果帆船运动员身体素质较佳,那么在确保帆船平衡的前提下,要调整帆船攻角、桅杆迎风位置、扣角和倾角以及帆船帆翼拱度大小,使得帆船帆翼整体推力性能达到相对较大。如果帆船起航时候占据有利的位置,就要在接下来的迎风航段不断牵制住其他帆船。该文通过探讨帆船起航阶段的调帆基本原则,为帆船运动员在起航阶段调帆争夺到有利位置提供科学指导。 相似文献
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帆船帆板和足球运动员情绪唤醒水平的生理监测指标与评价研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究探讨了帆船帆板和足球运动员情绪唤醒水平的生理监测指标与评价。结果表明：对于帆船帆板和足球项目运动员，前额肌电值不能作为情绪唤醒水平变化的评价指标；手指皮肤导电性可以较好地反映帆船帆板和足球项目运动员的情绪唤醒水平；手掌心温度和手指端血容可以作为帆船帆板运动员情绪唤醒水平的敏感性监测指标；心率值的变化可以较好地反映帆船帆板和足球项目运动员的放松和兴奋两种情绪唤醒水平。 相似文献
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帆船运动是一项风险性极高的户外运动项目。帆船运动员在训练时既要和对手对抗，又要和风浪斗争，这种特殊的训练环境，使运动员在训练中易发生伤害事故。因此，如何正确预防伤害事故的发生，已成为困扰帆船运动发展的一个棘手问题。本文通过对帆船训练过程中伤害事故原因的分析，提出正确预防伤害事故的措施与方法，以期为我国帆船运动的长远发展提供参考。 相似文献
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优秀帆船运动员训练前后的心电图变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过观察１８倒优秀帆船运动员出海训练前、训练后３小时，及次日晨的心电图，发现一次出海训练即可引起运动员的心电图改变。为第一度房室传导阻滞、早搏、不完全右束支传导阻滞，Ｔ波改变等。大多数运动员次日晨可恢复至训练前。说明帆船运动的出海训练负荷较大，对运动员的心脏有较大影响。因此应加强帆船运动员的心血管系统的医务监督。 相似文献
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帆船运动员运动性心理疲劳的探析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在文献资料研究的基础上,从帆船运动训练的实践出发对帆船运动性心理疲劳的产生机理、训练中的表现及如何消除心理疲劳进行了全面的探析,旨在找出一些更合适消除帆船运动员心理疲劳的方法,以便帮助教练员深入的了解运动性心理疲劳的相关知识,从而更有效地预防和消除帆船运动员的心理疲劳,提高运动成绩。 相似文献
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对帆船运动员心理疲劳的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
帆船运动员心理疲劳是帆船运动中极其重要的课题,对帆船运动员的运动年限和运动成绩起到了重要作用.通过分析研究发现,区别于运动心理学领域所盛行的心理耗竭概念,心理疲劳是长期伴随运动员的、由多种因素决定的、渐进发展的可预测现象,它在不同阶段呈现不同特点,这对运动员心理疲劳的旱期诊断预防有实际意义. 相似文献
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平衡营养是运动员科学训练的物质基础。人体新陈代谢活动依靠蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪、维生素、无机盐、食物纤维、水7大类营养素均衡摄入吸收才能顺利进行。运动员在冷或热环境进行高强度运动需要专业的营养监督和干预，根据运动项目、性别、年龄、训练比赛的强度和时间等多方面合理安排平衡膳食，提供数量充足，比例均衡的各种营养素，使运动员的营养需求和消耗保持动态平衡。 相似文献
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前庭感受器的稳定性直接反映帆船运动员的控制能力。本文采用文献综述和测试法,对帆船运动员大负荷专项训练前、后两个阶段进行了前庭器官机能稳定性的测定。研究发现运动员在大负荷专项训练后,前庭器官机能的稳定性不仅没有受到破坏,反而有不同程度的提高,说明帆船运动员训练水平的巩固和提高必须要有大负荷训练量的配合。 相似文献
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Dinghy sailing is a physically challenging sport with competitors on water for several hours. Regulations and space in the boat limit the amount of food and fluid competitors can carry. Consequently, it is possible that the hydration and nutritional status of dinghy sailors may be compromised while racing. Despite this, the food and fluid intake of sailors while racing are unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the dietary intake of a group of club sailors while racing and compare this with current sports nutrition guidelines. Thirty-five sailors (9 females, 26 males) were monitored during a club regatta. Body mass changes were measured before and after racing, as were food and fluid intake. Results showed that most participants were in negative fluid balance after racing (males: mean -2.1%[95% confidence limits -1.7 to -2.5%]; females: -0.9%[0 to -1.8%]), most likely due to low voluntary fluid intake (males: 1215 ml [734 to 1695 ml]; females: 792 ml [468 to 1117 m]). Carbohydrate intake (males: 59 g [21 to 97 g]; females: 30 g [0 to 61 g]) was below recommendations for normal sports activity. Results revealed that the nutritional practices of club sailors do not comply with current sports nutrition guidelines. However, the performance implications of a compromise in nutrient intake remain to be investigated. Practical advice on methods of overcoming space limitations for the carriage of adequate fluid and food is offered. 相似文献
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Bernardi E Delussu SA Quattrini FM Rodio A Bernardi M 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(10):1153-1160
This research, which was conducted with crew members of an America's Cup team, had the following objectives: (a) to assess energy expenditure and intake during training; (b) to evaluate the sailors' diet, and (c) to identify any dietary flaws to determine the appropriate intake of nutrients, correct possible dietary mistakes, and improve their food habits. Energy expenditure was estimated on 15 sailors using direct measurements (oxygen consumption) and a 3-day activity questionnaire. Oxygen consumption was measured on sailors during both on-water America's Cup sailing training and dry-land fitness training. Composition of the diet was estimated using a 3-day food record. Average daily energy expenditure of the sailors ranged from 14.95 to 24.4 MJ, depending on body mass and boat role, with the highest values found in grinders and mastmen. Daily energy intake ranged from 15.7 to 23.3 MJ (from +6% to -18% of energy expenditure). The contributions of carbohydrate, protein, and fat to total energy intake were 43%, 18%, and 39% respectively, values that are not in accord with the recommended guidelines for athletes. Our results show the importance of assessing energy balance and food habits for America's Cup sailors performing different roles. The practical outcome of this study was that the sailors were given dietary advice and prescribed a Mediterranean diet, explained in specific nutrition lectures. 相似文献
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Laser sailors have to tolerate fatiguing contractions of the lower-body muscles for prolonged periods. The aims of the present study were (1) to evaluate the difference between top-ranked and club sailors, in their capacity to resist fatigue during sustained isometric and maximal power exercise, and (2) to examine the relationships between the above parameters and performance on a Laser simulator and competitive racing performance according to the national ranking list. Eight Greek nationally ranked Laser sailors were compared with eight club sailors. Each sailor performed: (a) an effort to the limit of tolerance on the Laser simulator, (b) an effort to the limit of tolerance of isometric endurance for the right leg on an isokinetic dynamometer, and (c) a Wingate test of maximal lower-body anaerobic power on a cycle ergometer. In the nationally ranked sailors, isometric endurance time (mean 160 s, s = 50) and endurance time on the Laser simulator (1381 s, s = 1354) were significantly (P < 0.05) longer than in the club sailors (101 s, s = 29 and 565 s, s = 367, respectively), whereas the final minute heart rate (in both groups: 149 beats . min(-1), s = 22) and the mean arterial pressure (nationally ranked sailors: 129 mmHg, s = 16; club sailors: 120 mmHg, s = 21) on the Laser simulator were not different between groups. During the Wingate test, the nationally ranked sailors had a significantly lower index of fatigue (42%, s = 5) than the club sailors (49%, s = 6). Isometric endurance time was significantly correlated with the Wingate index of fatigue (r = -0.73; P < 0.001). The nationally ranked sailors' mean and maximal anaerobic powers were significantly correlated with their national ranking positions (r = -0.83 and -0.71, respectively). It is suggested that isometric endurance and anaerobic power are well-developed in Laser class sailors and may influence their sailing performance. Furthermore, compared with club sailors, the nationally ranked sailors are able to sustain the same intensity of lower-limb isometric contractions for much longer with similar cardiovascular responses. 相似文献
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Margot Callewaert Jan Boone Bert Celie Dirk De Clercq 《European Journal of Sport Science》2015,15(3):213-219
AbstractThis study aimed to determine indicators of sailing performance in 2 (age) groups of youth sailors by investigating the anthropometric, physical and motor coordination differences and factors discriminating between elite and non-elite male optimist sailors and young dynamic hikers. Anthropometric measurements from 23 optimist sailors (mean ± SD age = 12.3 ± 1.4 years) and 24 dynamic youth hikers (i.e. Laser 4.7, Laser radial and Europe sailors <18 years who have to sail the boat in a very dynamic manner, due to a high sailor to yacht weight ratio) (mean ± SD age = 16.5 ± 1.6 years) were conducted. They performed a physical fitness test battery (EUROFIT), motor coordination test battery (Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder) and the Bucket test. Both groups of sailors were divided into two subgroups (i.e. elites and non-elites) based on sailing expertise. The significant differences, taking biological maturation into account and factors discriminating between elite and non-elite optimist sailors and dynamic hikers were explored by means of multivariate analysis of covariance and discriminant analysis, respectively. The main results indicated that 100.0% of elite optimist sailors and 88.9% of elite dynamic hikers could be correctly classified by means of two motor coordination tests (i.e. side step and side jump) and Bucket test, respectively. As such, strength- and speed-oriented motor coordination and isometric knee-extension strength endurance can be identified as indicators of sailing performance in young optimist and dynamic youth sailors, respectively. Therefore, we emphasise the importance of motor coordination skill training in optimist sailors (<15 years) and maximum strength training later on (>15 years) in order to increase their isometric knee-extension strength endurance. 相似文献
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Aarón Manzanares Ruperto Menayo Francisco Segado Diego Salmerón Juan Antonio Cano 《European Journal of Sport Science》2015,15(3):203-212
AbstractThe visual behaviour is a determining factor in sailing due to the influence of the environmental conditions. The aim of this research was to determine the visual behaviour pattern in sailors with different practice time in one star race, applying a probabilistic model based on Markov chains. The sample of this study consisted of 20 sailors, distributed in two groups, top ranking (n = 10) and bottom ranking (n = 10), all of them competed in the Optimist Class. An automated system of measurement, which integrates the VSail-Trainer® sail simulator and the Eye Tracking SystemTM was used. The variables under consideration were the sequence of fixations and the fixation recurrence time performed on each location by the sailors. The event consisted of one of simulated regatta start, with stable conditions of wind, competitor and sea. Results show that top ranking sailors perform a low recurrence time on relevant locations and higher on irrelevant locations while bottom ranking sailors make a low recurrence time in most of the locations. The visual pattern performed by bottom ranking sailors is focused around two visual pivots, which does not happen in the top ranking sailor's pattern. In conclusion, the Markov chains analysis has allowed knowing the visual behaviour pattern of the top and bottom ranking sailors and its comparison. 相似文献
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Bernd Friesenbichler Julia F. Item-Glatthorn Fabian Neunstöcklin Nicola C. Casartelli Gaël Guilhem Nicola A. Maffiuletti 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2018,17(2):216-226
Dinghy sailors lean their upper body over the windward side of the boat (‘hiking’) to keep the boat’s balance and maximise its speed. Sustaining the hiking position is essential for competitive performance and this study examined sport-specific differences of muscles relevant for hiking in elite sailors. Knee extensor muscle strength as well as trunk muscle strength, muscle endurance and muscle thickness were assessed in elite dinghy sailors (n = 15) and compared to matched, non-sailing controls (n = 15). Isometric extensor strength was significantly higher in sailors at 60° (+14%) but not at 20° knee flexion. Sailors showed significantly higher trunk flexor (but not extensor) strength under isometric (+18%) and eccentric (+11%) conditions, which was associated to greater muscle thickness (rectus abdominis +40%; external oblique +26%) and higher endurance for ventral (+66%) and lateral (+61%) muscle chains compared to non-sailors. Greater muscles thickness and the particular biomechanical requirements to maintain the hiking position may drive the increases in isometric and eccentric muscle strength as well as ventral and lateral trunk endurance. The current findings identified sport-specific muscle function differences and provide performance benchmarks for muscle strength and endurance in elite sailors. 相似文献
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为建立陆地摇帆训练模式,对16名男子帆板运动员分组进行训练,并以血乳酸作为监控指标,结果表明:帆板运动属于起航和冲刺阶段无氧代谢为主的项目;大负荷陆上摇帆训练是一种有效提高运动员比赛中起航和冲刺能力的训练手段;血乳酸可作为大负荷陆上摇帆训练期间运动员身体机能监控的指标。 相似文献