共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Thorsten Busch 《Ethics and Information Technology》2011,13(4):339-353
This conceptual article discusses strategies of corporations in the information and communication technologies (ICT) sector and their role in the conflict over access to knowledge in the digital environment. Its main hypothesis is that ICT corporations are very capable actors when it comes to bridging digital divides in both developed and developing countries??maybe even the most capable actors. Therefore, it is argued that ICT corporations could use their capabilities to help citizens gain sustainable access to knowledge in order to enable them to lead self-sufficient lives. In a nutshell, capabilities are presented as both the input (capabilities of ICT corporations) as well as the output (capability building for empowering citizens) of corporate strategy-making focusing on fair ICT. Corporate citizenship is put forth as the theoretical concept bridging corporate strategies and access to knowledge: If ICT corporations act in accordance with their self-understanding of being ??good corporate citizens??, they could be crucial partners in lessening digital divides and helping citizens gain access to knowledge. From the perspective of ??integrative economic ethics?? (Ulrich 2008), it is argued that ICT corporations have good reason to actively empower citizens in both developed and developing countries by pursuing ??inclusive?? strategies in many fields, such as open-source software development. That way, ICT corporations could enable, support and provide citizens with capabilities enabling them to help themselves. In order to make inclusive business models work, the rules and regulations companies find themselves in today must enable them to act responsibly without getting penalized by more ruthless competitors. This article explores several cases from the ICT field to illustrate the interplay between a responsible business model and the rules and regulations of the industry. From a capabilities perspective, the most desirable mix of corporate strategies and industry regulation is one that results in the highest level of generativity (Zittrain 2008). Thus, ICT should not be closed systems only driven by the company behind them. Instead, they need to be open for the highest possible level of third-party innovation. 相似文献
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Many eco-innovations have been linked to technical change in the ICT domain. Leveraging the distinctive features of general purpose technologies, ICT have the potential to steer green growth and to help decouple this growth from ecological damage. The paper aims to shed light on innovation dynamics in this emerging sector by investigating the patterns of innovation in the green ICT domains using granted EPO patent data from 1986 to 2006. By means of a network analysis, it identifies existing green ICT domains and examines the characteristics of innovative activity in these domains, focusing in particular on growth and technological pervasiveness, as well as on the variety of innovators. Results indicate that the innovative activity in green ICT domains is characterised by high growth and high levels of technological pervasiveness, considerable entry of new innovators and a variety of actors – with a prevalence of large ICT firms and universities. However, the analysis highlights the existence of three different clusters – emerging fields, established fields and mature fields – that are defined by different structures of innovative activities and by different technological opportunities. 相似文献
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This paper analyzes how governance structures impact the innovation capabilities of leading German and UK firms in the pharmaceutical industry. Our main objective is to show how variation in national institutional frameworks influences the innovation process, and thus, relative performance. There are two main conclusions. First, the corporate governance structure allowed leading UK firms to more quickly adapt than German firms to rapidly changing external environmental conditions in the global pharmaceutical industry. Secondly, leading UK firms have an advantage in generating innovative drugs (“blockbusters”) than do German firms due to the nature of the institutional framework in which they are embedded. 相似文献
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Pernilla Gripenberg Ingjerd Skogseid Francesco Botto Andrea Silli Virpi Kristiina Tuunainen 《The Information Society》2004,20(1):3-14
This article compares four European information and communication technologies (ICT) development projects spawned by national and EU initiatives to create the “European information society.” These projects, which sought to support learning and better use of ICT, were all the result of opportunities opened up by political initiatives. The analysis indicates that the main problems that afflict these projects stem from varied expectations and interests of the major actors. These problems can be mitigated considerably if a feeling of ownership is generated among the participants. This sense of belonging, however, is difficult to foster in a “top-down” project. Hence there is a need for a better balance between the “top-down” and “bottom-up” influences in the development of such projects. 相似文献
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技术收敛表现为技术的逆-多样化发展,本文在分析技术收敛与技术多样化的创新效应及其与经济增长关系的基础上,利用Shannon-Wiener指数和网络图形分析法分别对我国ICT领域的技术多样化与技术收敛进行了实证分析。结论表明,总体而言ICT领域中电信和其他ICT领域的技术多样化程度最高,但从动态角度看,计算机、办公器械领域的技术多样化最高且波动性较大;在技术收敛方面,H04L、G06F、H04B、H04M、H04Q、H04N、G01S、G08C和H01L在ICT领域出现了产业内的技术收敛,而H05K在ICT领域出现了产业间的技术收敛。实证结果也表明了电信领域是最易产生技术收敛的领域,因此电信领域的技术研发对其他领域的发展具有巨大的促进作用,企业应尽可能地关注电信领域的技术研发动向,寻找技术的契合点。 相似文献
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基于2011—2018年中国高端装备制造业数据,结合“VHSD-EM”综合动态评价模型对七个高端装备制造业子行业进行技术创新能力的测度分析。结果表明：①时间演变维度上,各子行业技术创新能力变化幅度存在差异,但分化程度呈现一定程度的缩小趋势。②行业分布维度上,各子行业技术创新能力分化明显,且在分布上具有集聚效应。③影响因素分析中,运用混合回归模型,实证检验了技术进步和产业特征对技术创新能力的正向影响。本文基于以上分析结果对我国高端装备制造业技术创新能力的提升提供了相关政策建议。 相似文献
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The centrality of firms vis-à-vis regions underlines a general contrast between two models of producing innovations. This paper uses a new database composed of 4262 European chemical patents applied by 693 firms during 1987–1996 to compare the relative effect of firm and regional characteristics on the production of technological “hits” (highly cited patents). By using extensive controls, the main finding of the paper is that technological hits in the “traditional” chemical sectors are explained only by R&D intensity at the firm level and the scale of the research projects. Firm competencies, particularly technological specialisation, are still important in biotechnology. However, the distinct feature of the biotechnology model is that localised knowledge spillovers also matter. 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2023,52(3):104711
Since the 1980s, policy reforms have been undertaken in China to gradually promote entrepreneurship of academic researchers. Based on manually collected data on academic executives (defined as either chairperson of the board or CEO, who had an academic title), we investigate the effects of academic executives on corporate technological capabilities and innovation performance among Chinese listed manufacturing firms from 2001 to 2015. Our results demonstrate that firms with academic executives are more likely to implement technological advancement strategies by increasing firm basic research, collaborating with outside institutions, and providing incentives to knowledge workers. Consequently, they have enhanced technological capabilities, as well as a higher quantity and quality of innovation output. In addition, firms with academic executives are more likely to have better financial performance regarding sales and profitability and keep a higher proportion of profits inside the firm to reinvest. The identification of the causal effects of academic executives relies on top executive turnover within firms and the propensity score matching strategy. Further analysis demonstrates that the effects of academic executives are more pronounced when they have a higher academic title, administrative experience, and a specialization in sciences. Our findings suggest that promoting entrepreneurship of academic researchers is an effective way of diffusing and utilizing knowledge, and it provides an internal driving force for the enhancement of corporate technological capabilities, which is crucial for technological catch-up of firms in latecomer countries. 相似文献
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基于协整分析的我国ICT产业国际竞争力影响因素实证研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国信息通信技术(ICT)产业在经济转型过程中发挥着重要的作用,在国际上的竞争力也在不断增强。在我国ICT产业国际竞争力现状分析的基础上,利用协整检验分析ICT产业国际竞争力影响因素的作用强度及性质,探讨影响竞争力表现的深层次原因。实证结果显示,技术创新因素对ICT产业国际竞争力的正向影响作用最大,企业数量、外商直接投资对ICT产业国际竞争力起到不同程度的负向作用。 相似文献
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Morphological analysis, diffusion and lockout of technologies: Ferrous casting in France and the FRG
Dominique Foray 《Research Policy》1990,19(6)
In this paper we will try to address technological diffusion and substitution from two methodological angles. The first consists in a complete and comprehensive morphological analysis (MA) of a set of (process) technologies for a particular industry. In the second part, we use the results of our MA of the technological trajectories in the casting industry, to analyse their diffusion in two countries, France and the FRG. With respect to the results of this work, we can express two observations. First, this case study will provide valuable insights on the conditions of exit from a “lock-in” situation. Second, the MA will permit us to avoid misinterpretation concerning the asymmetrical character and discontinuities of the diffusion trajectory of the technology under consideration. 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2023,52(2):104661
Using patent data for a panel sample of European companies between 1995 and 2016 we explore whether the inventive success in Artificial Intelligence (AI) is related to earlier firms’ innovation in the area of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), and identify which company characteristics and external factors shape this performance. We show that AI innovation presents strong dynamic returns (learning effects) and benefits from complementaries with knowledge earlier developed in the area of network and communication technologies, high-speed computing and data analysis, and more recently cognition and imaging. AI patent productivity increases with the scale of firm innovation, and is lower for companies with narrow technological competences. There is evidence of knowledge spillovers from ICT innovators to AI innovators, but this effect is confined to the frontier firms of the new technological field. Our findings suggest that, with the take-off of the new technology, the technological lead of top AI innovators has increased due to the accumulation of internal competences and the expanding knowledge base. These trends help explain the concentration process of the world’s data market. 相似文献
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全面利用专利无效诉讼中的专利信息分析产业竞争态势及策略,对于提升企业竞争决策效率具有实践意义。以我国信息通信(ICT)产业的发明专利无效数据为基础,运用社会网络分析方法构建专利无效关系网络,通过网络中心性因子分析和聚类分析将无效诉讼关联主体聚成四类,分析比较各类主体的诉讼地位及特点,挖掘产业竞争的特点并进一步提出具有针对性的无效诉讼策略。研究发现我国ICT产业的竞争格局分化较为严重,表现出"偶然"及"离散"性特点。最后针对每一种类型企业提出其竞争策略构建意见。 相似文献
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基于2007—2018年我国信息通信技术(ICT)产业上市公司专利合作数据,运用社会网络分析方法对我国ICT产业合作创新网络的整体特征、演化路径及合作模式进行系统分析,以期为我国ICT产业应对数字经济新阶段的挑战提供启示。研究表明:合作创新已成为我国ICT企业获取竞争优势的重要手段,但ICT产业合作创新网络整体仍较为稀疏;我国ICT产业合作创新网络演化经历了3个阶段,随着时间推移,参与合作主体的关系数量持续扩大、核心企业地位越加突出,且网络具有明显的区域集中特征,创新主体主要分布在东部沿海地区;从组织视角看,我国ICT产业合作创新模式选择与企业发展阶段、技术实力及其所在业务领域的特点密切相关。 相似文献
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从科技服务业与制造业的互动需求出发,结合科技服务业内涵及与制造业升级互动的有关机理,首先通过查阅文献对指标层进行比对梳理,再根据科技服务业主体服务能力及产业系统外在关联的辅助性行业发展状况确定了从科技服务业产业规模实力、科技创新能力、服务客体能力、综合发展潜力四个维度入手构建科技服务业发展水平评价指标体系,利用2007-2016年全国30个省市的数据测度科技服务业发展水平,并对其整体及板块之间、区域空间布局进行比较分析,最后结合中国现阶段产业发展态势提出促进科技服务业发展的政策建议。 相似文献
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当前国内行业监管中的企业数据向政府共享存在多种模式，但相关研究主要着眼于企业数据向政府共享带来监管效能提升的结果上，而对如何推动企业数据向政府共享的具体举措缺少系统性讨论。为此，以国内27份涉及行业监管中企业数据向政府共享的国家级政策为样本，运用内容分析法对政策内容进行编码分析和梳理，探讨推动企业数据向政府共享的政策逻辑和具体举措，为提升企业向政府共享数据意愿、发挥数据赋能行业监管价值提供参考。结果发现：行业监管中企业数据向政府共享的政策逻辑围绕数权结构、政策工具和共享规则3个维度展开。其中，以保护个人数据权利和强化政府数据权力为中心，企业数据权益保护相对边缘化且受到限制；主要采用强制性政策工具，配合使用混合性和自愿性政策工具，政策工具的激励性和补偿性特性不显著；企业向政府共享数据需遵循严格的共享规则，涵盖方式、原则、频率和内容的共享规则也被视为行动手册。因此，未来发展中应提升企业数据权益在数权结构中的地位，适当运用混合性政策工具对企业进行激励补偿，正面界定企业数据权益保护的共享规则。 相似文献
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通过对两家后发工程机械制造企业创新追赶历程的探索性案例分析，得到以下研究发现。一是发现工程机械制造企业的技术能力提升呈现“序贯性”特征，企业创新追赶过程中需要科学依循技术能力的序贯性。二是发现组织学习和资源治理作为技术能力提升的重要支撑行动，随着追赶过程的深入也呈现序贯性的演进。三是发现技术(工程)科学知识的掌控是复杂工程机械制造企业技术能力向高端演进的关键因素，对其的关注应贯穿技术能力提升的整个过程。 相似文献
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Despite a substantial body of research investigating the market significance of inventions by independent inventors, relatively little attention has been devoted to understanding their technological significance. A recent study conducted by [Dahlin, K., Taylor, M., Fichman, M., 2004. Today's Edisons or weekend hobbyists: technical impact and success of inventions by independent inventors. Res. Policy 33, 1167-1183] on the tennis racket industry shows that independent inventors are a heterogeneous group which includes both “heroes” who contribute substantially to technological progress and “hobbyists” who make only a marginal contribution. What is not asked - and therefore not explained - is why this distinction arises. In this paper, we focus on the type of prior technological knowledge (in terms of technological specialization and diversity) applied by independent inventors and their corporate counterparts as a factor explaining differences in technological impact. Our empirical setting is the field of medical equipment technology. We find that independent inventors are more sensitive to the negative effects of technological diversity than their corporate counterparts. Furthermore, our study reveals that technological specialization pays off more for independent inventors than for their corporate counterparts. Therefore, those independent inventors who apply low degrees of diversity and high degrees of specialization are capable of reaching the same level as or even outperforming their corporate counterparts, thus becoming “heroes”. Based on our findings, we discuss implications for research and corporate practice. 相似文献