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1.
Bart Prakken 《The Information Society》2013,29(1):53-57
Our tendency is to generate ever-increasing amounts of information to deal with the uncertainties we face in today's turbulent environment. However, if we look at the problem more fundamentally, we see that uncertainty, the variable responsible for information demand, itself can be reduced. Thus, we should not get fixated on information generation (the supply-side approach) but should also consider ways of reducing needs for information flows (the demand-side approach). This article provides an overview of a Dutch sociotechnical approach that focuses on reduction of complexity so as to reduce uncertainty and thereby organizational information flows. 相似文献
2.
Communication and information processes are vital in any company. The use of lean manufacturing concepts applied to the communication and information process aims to reduce waste and make the flows leaner and simpler. Lean information is a new strand of lean concepts and applications. The purpose of this study was to analyze quantitatively the publications concerning the subject, outlining an overview for the new research field of lean communication. Aiming for a deeper understanding, the concepts of lean information were applied in a real process. The quantitative analysis was carried out to find the main authors and works, as well as the main terms used in related works. We used the methods of citations works, co-citation references, and co-occurrence of words using the VOSviewer software. This software was primarily designed to analyze bibliometric networks in order to create, visualize, and assess maps based on network data generated from queries in journals. We found a lack of a methodology for the development and implementation of lean information concepts. We observed a gap which had not been addressed yet, that is, mapping communication flows and developing and implementing lean information. Moreover, there was no method for improvement, implementation, and control. 相似文献
3.
This research focuses specifically on uncertainty and information seeking in a digital environment. In this research we argue that different types of uncertainty are associated with the information seeking process and that, with the proliferation of new and different search tools, sources and channels, uncertainty, positive/desirable or negative/undesirable, continues to be a significant factor in the search process. Users may feel uncertain at any stage of the information search and retrieval process and uncertainty may remain even after completion of the process resulting in what may be called persistent uncertainty. An online questionnaire was used to collect data from users in the higher education sector. There were three parts to the questionnaire focusing on: information seeking activities, information seeking problems, and access to specific information channels or sources. Quantitative analysis was carried out on the data collected through the online questionnaire. A total of 668 responses were returned from the chosen user categories of academic staff, research staff and research students. This research has shown that there are some information seeking activities and information seeking problems that are the most common causes of uncertainty among significant number of users from different disciplines, age, gender, ICT skills, etc. This is also the case with respect to access to and use of specific information sources/channels, although the degrees of uncertainty in relation are relatively small. Possible implications of this study and further research issues are indicated. 相似文献
4.
This paper reports the results of a preliminary study of interpersonal information seeking interactions between a user and a human information source. The study showed that users specify their information needs (uncertainty) largely in terms of what they know (certainty) during the interaction. The articulated certainty and uncertainty in the interaction can be classified as utterances focusing on either the topic (what the user is talking about) or comment (how that topic fits in with the user's situation or problem). We suggest that user studies in information seeking research should conceptually realign from an emphasis on user's uncertainty- and topic-based matching to the inclusion of user's certainty and comment dimensions in order to develop a more linguistically robust, multi-dimensional approach to matching for information retrieval. 相似文献
5.
This article presents a new approach to modeling information flows within today's information systems environments characterized by electronic commerce. We treat information as a resource whose value is fundamentally multidimensional in nature. In this article we consider the economic and psychological dimensions of the value of information. It is argued that it is meaningless to model the value of information in isolation away from the context and the specific parties between which this information is exchanged. We therefore focus exclusively on modeling information flows rather than information itself. To achieve this, we propose a formal framework for describing transactions involving information flows. The framework consists of a generalized model for representing information transactions and for defining a set of fundamental properties of multiparty transactions. These properties are fairness, constructiveness, and monopoly. Where applicable, they are defined for individuals, transactions, and a system of transactions. The proposed model reveals the nature of individual transactions and markets, and consequently has important implications for simulation of market scenarios and to help arrive at effective policies for pricing and market regulations. 相似文献
6.
This article presents a new approach to modeling information flows within today's information systems environments characterized by electronic commerce. We treat information as a resource whose value is fundamentally multidimensional in nature. In this article we consider the economic and psychological dimensions of the value of information. It is argued that it is meaningless to model the value of information in isolation away from the context and the specific parties between which this information is exchanged. We therefore focus exclusively on modeling information flows rather than information itself. To achieve this, we propose a formal framework for describing transactions involving information flows. The framework consists of a generalized model for representing information transactions and for defining a set of fundamental properties of multiparty transactions. These properties are fairness, constructiveness, and monopoly. Where applicable, they are defined for individuals, transactions, and a system of transactions. The proposed model reveals the nature of individual transactions and markets, and consequently has important implications for simulation of market scenarios and to help arrive at effective policies for pricing and market regulations. 相似文献
7.
The role of information in strategic decision-making 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Aspects of the role of information in strategic decision-making by executives in industry are hardly ever mentioned in management research publications. We therefore investigate in this paper the way information is obtained, analysed, judged and applied by executives in industry that have to take strategic decisions. We interviewed executives from thirteen companies in The Netherlands and in Germany about the stages in the decision process that they followed in thirty two recent decisions they had to make.We found that executives that follow a rational approach collect and use ample information in a structured decision-making process passing through a number of distinct phases in time. In this process, information plays a crucial role in reducing uncertainty. Over all discussions held, the aspect of the quality of the information used by the board was stressed. We could only obtain circumstantial evidence of changes in the decision making process caused by developments in new information acquisition and analysis methods such as use of the Internet becoming common practice. But we can affirm that with more relevant information available, discussions in the boardroom on issues affecting the choices and alternatives can now be better controlled and rational decision-making is thus facilitated. 相似文献
8.
本文以企业并购后信息系统整合过程中的不确定性作为认识角度,概述了信息系统整合与不确定性的关联交互,并对信息系统整合中的不确定性因素进行了描述和分析.在此基础之上,探讨不确定性问题的治理措施,提出不确定性环境下企业并购后信息系统整合的流程. 相似文献
9.
论网站信息流整合及其对人流的导引 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
网站信息流是互联网信息传递的基本形式和唯一介质，是众多形态“流”中最具影响，并对人流的产生与变化发挥巨大的导引作用。本文以网站信息流的整合为切入点，从信息流受众接受信息的角度出发，将网站信息流对人流的导引视为主动式导引、被动式导引和互动式导引，剖析了与网站信息流导引密切相关的多种人流规律。 相似文献
10.
按《高等学校信息公开办法》的规定,高校应在学校网站设置信息公开专栏,为此,逐一对810所本科院校进行网络调查,了解并分析当前我国高校信息公开网建设的基本情况,包括建设信息公开网的高校数量及局域分布、信息公开网建设的质量和方式、信息公开网内容建设等,在此基础上分析我国高校信息公开网建设中存在的信息公开制度不完善、信息公开深度层次不够、信息公开范围限定与不确定、信息检索系统或缺少或简单等问题,针对这些问题提出我国高校信息公开网建设的建议对策。 相似文献
11.
数字鸿沟与信息扶贫 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
Based on the study of digital divide, this paper focuses on analyzing the information gap in China, and advocates that we should help the poor with information. The paper devotes a preliminary discussion on the strategies, policies and specific measures that we should adopt in helping the poor with information. 相似文献
12.
[目的/意义]文章旨在探究诸如任务等影响游客社会化搜寻的因素，为旅游机构利用社交服务网站开展营销活动，成功激发游客的出游行为提供决策参考。[方法/过程]本研究基于实验法，考察任务不确定性（确定性任务vs.不确定性任务）、感知可用信息缺失（高vs.低）和时间距离（长vs.短）对游客社会化搜寻动机的影响。[结果/结论]结果显示：1）相对于确定性任务，不确定性任务下，游客的社会化搜寻动机大；2）相对于感知可用信息缺失程度低，感知可用信息缺失程度高下游客的社会化搜寻动机大；3）相对于时间距离长，时间距离短下游客的社会化搜寻动机大；4）时间距离能调节任务不确定性与游客社会化搜寻动机之间的关系，感知时间距离短，任务不确定性对游客社会化搜寻动机无影响；感知时间距离长时，不确定任务下社会化搜寻动机强，确定性任务下社会化搜寻动机弱。 相似文献
13.
上海市IT产业技术现状与发展对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文在案例分析、比较与实地调研的基础上，分析了上海市IT产业的构成；从技术发展路径。研发投入状况及技术水平三个方面论述了上海市IT产业的技术发展特点；在技术发展的环境分析基础上，指出了进一步发展需要解决的矛盾。最后结合IT产业总体发展趋势，对上海市IT产业技术发展进行了展望和对策研究。 相似文献
14.
基于人力资本不确定性的风险投资契约设计 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
信息不对称是契约理论的核心概念,是交易契约设计的最基本原因。目前很多研究者都倾向于认为,风险投资过程中的信息不对称主要来自于高新技术的不确定性,认为信息缺口是因人们对某种专业知识的缺乏。而我们认为,在风险投资契约过程中,信息不对称的根源并不是自然技术的外生不确定性,而是人力资本的内生不确定性,具体表现为人力资本投入、产出、退出三个方面的不确定性。因此,风险投资的契约设计应基于人力资本的不确定性进行。从这一思路出发,本文尝试性地对风险投资实践中的分段投资、剩余索取权分配、剩余控制权安排等契约条款的成因做出了初步的理论解释。 相似文献
15.
This paper addresses the challenge of striking a balance between, on one hand, mitigating uncertainty through the existence of systematic processes and structures and, on the other, stimulating creativity through allowable variation in work processes and structures. Both objectives are fundamental aspects of product development work. Our main finding is that both objectives can be achieved simultaneously. We introduce trust as a mediating variable. We show first, that being systematic in the processes for obtaining information and applying explicit organizational rules and structures in product development work creates an atmosphere of trust in the organization. Second, we show that trust increases creativity. The paper contributes to an understanding of how and why trust is important in product development organizations and of how trust can be actively managed. Above all, the paper contributes to the understanding of how uncertainty and creativity should be managed in organizations conducting product development. 相似文献
16.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(2):370-371
This paper provides an exposition of the information sector approach. Concept and measurement of the information sector are discussed in detail. Findings for Australia are reported, including so far unpublished data on the labour force employed in the primary and secondary information sector. The total information sector accounted for about 41.5 per cent of the Australian labour force and about 31 per cent of value added in 1981. More than half of all the people employed in informational occupations were employed in the secondary information sector. The need for the standardisation of the measurement of the information sector is emphasised. Improvements in input-output modelling and other avenues for research are suggested. 相似文献
17.
Ignacio Aedo Paloma Díaz John M. Carroll Gregorio Convertino Mary Beth Rosson 《Information processing & management》2010,46(1):11-21
Response to large-scale emergencies is a cooperative process that requires the active and coordinated participation of a variety of functionally independent agencies operating in adjacent regions. In practice, this essential cooperation is sometimes not attained or is reduced due to poor information sharing, non-fluent communication flows, and lack of coordination. We report an empirical study of IT-mediated cooperation among Spanish response agencies and we describe the challenges of adoption, information sharing, communication flows, and coordination among agencies that do not share a unity of command. We analyze three strategies aimed at supporting acceptance and surmounting political, organizational and personal distrust or skepticism: participatory design, advanced collaborative tools inducing cognitive absorption, and end-user communities of practice. 相似文献
18.
Locke,Intellectual Property Rights,and the Information Commons 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper examines the question whether, and to what extent, John Locke’s classic theory of property can be applied to the
current debate involving intellectual property rights (IPRs) and the information commons. Organized into four main sections,
Section 1 includes a brief exposition of Locke’s arguments for the just appropriation of physical objects and tangible property.
In Section 2, I consider some challenges involved in extending Locke’s labor theory of property to the debate about IPRs and
digital information. In Section 3, it is argued that even if the labor analogy breaks down, we should not necessarily infer
that Locke’s theory has no relevance for the contemporary debate involving IPRs and the information commons. Alternatively,
I argue that much of what Locke has to say about the kinds of considerations that ought to be accorded to the physical commons
when appropriating objects from it – especially his proviso requiring that “enough and as good” be left for others – can also be applied to appropriations involving the information
commons. Based on my reading of Locke’s proviso, I further argue that Locke would presume in favor of the information commons
when competing interests (involving the rights of individual appropriators and the preservation of the commons) are at stake.
In this sense, I believe that Locke offers us an adjudicative principle for evaluating the claims advanced by rival interests
in the contemporary debate about IPRs and the information commons. In Section 4, I apply Locke’s proviso in my analysis of
two recent copyright laws: the Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA), and the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). I then
argue that both laws violate the spirit of Locke’s proviso because they unfairly restrict the access that ordinary individuals
have previously had to resources that comprise the information commons. Noting that Locke would not altogether reject copyright
protection for IPRs, I conclude that Locke’s classic property theory provides a useful mechanism for adjudicating between
claims about how best to ensure that individuals will be able to continue to access information in digitized form, while at
the same time also allowing for that information to enjoy some form of legal protection. 相似文献
19.
Searchers can face problems finding the information they seek. One reason for this is that they may have difficulty devising queries to express their information needs. In this article, we describe an approach that uses unobtrusive monitoring of interaction to proactively support searchers. The approach chooses terms to better represent information needs by monitoring searcher interaction with different representations of top-ranked documents. Information needs are dynamic and can change as a searcher views information. The approach we propose gathers evidence on potential changes in these needs and uses this evidence to choose new retrieval strategies. We present an evaluation of how well our technique estimates information needs, how well it estimates changes in these needs and the appropriateness of the interface support it offers. The results are presented and the avenues for future research identified. 相似文献
20.
针对个性化信息服务能力评价中的不确定性问题,基于证据理论建立了个性化信息服务能力评价指标体系和个性化信息服务能力评价模型,并给出了具体算法,通过实证分析计算,不仅验证了该方法能较好地解决评价过程中所遇到的不确定性问题,也证明了该方法的有效性和可行性。Abstract： In view of the uncertainty problems in personalized information service capability evaluation,this article develops a personalized information service capability evaluation indicator system and a personalized information service capability evaluation model based on theory of evidence. The article gives the concrete algorithm. The empirical analysis and calculation show that this method can not only resolve the uncertainty problems in the evaluation process,but also testify the effectiveness and feasibility of the method. 相似文献