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1.
The effects of five domestic cooking methods, including steaming, microwaving, boiling, stir-frying, and stir-frying followed by boiling (stir-frying/boiling), on the nutrients and health-promoting compounds of broccoli were investigated. The results show that all cooking treatments, except steaming, caused significant losses of chlorophyll and vitamin C and significant decreases of total soluble proteins and soluble sugars. Total aliphatic and indole glucosinolates were significantly modified by all cooking treatments but not by steaming. In general, the steaming led to the lowest loss of total glucosinolates, while stir-frying and stir-frying/boiling presented the highest loss. Stir-frying and stir-frying/boiling, the two most popular methods for most homemade dishes in China, cause great losses of chlorophyll, soluble protein, soluble sugar, vitamin C, and glucosinolates, but the steaming method appears the best in retention of the nutrients in cooking broccoli. Project supported by the High-Tech R&D Program (863) of China (No. 2008AA10Z111), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30320974), the Fok Ying Tong Education Foundation of China (No. 104034), and the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in the University of China (No. NCET-05-0516)  相似文献   

2.
Berries are a good source of natural antioxidants. In the present study, the total antioxidant capacity and phenolic composition of three berry fruits (blueberry, blackberry, and strawberry) cultivated in Nanjing were investigated. Blueberry, with a Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) value of 14.98 mmol Trolox/100 g dry weight (DW), exhibited the strongest total antioxidant capacity using both the 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods. Blueberry also had the highest total phenolic content (TPC, 9.44 mg gallic acid/g DW), total flavonoid content (TFC, 36.08 mg rutin/g DW), and total anthocyanidin content (TAC, 24.38 mg catechin/g DW). A preliminary analysis using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that the blueberry, blackberry, and strawberry samples tested contained a range of phenolic acids (including gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, ellagic acid, and cinnamic acid) and various types of flavonoids (flavone: luteolin; flavonols: rutin, myricetin, quercetrin, and quercetin; flavanols: gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, catechin, and catechin gallate; anthocyanidins: malvidin-3-galactoside, malvidin-3-glucoside, and cyanidin). In particular, the blueberries had high levels of proanthocyanidins and anthocyanidins, which might be responsible for their strong antioxidant activities. These results indicate a potential market role for berries (especially blueberries) as a functional food ingredient or nutraceutical.  相似文献   

3.
雌雄乌鳢可食部分主要营养成分的比较分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
对雌雄乌鳢可食部分进行了基本营养成分比较分析.结果表明:雌性乌鳢肌肉、性腺、鳔鲜样中粗蛋白(18.89%,27.54%,19.43%)显著高于于雄性(17.63%,23.30%,17.97%;P<0.05),皮肤粗蛋白含量显著低于雄性(P<0.05),而各可食部分的水分含量雌雄显著不差异(P>0.05);乌鳢各样品中均测出18种氨基酸,其中雌性乌鳢性腺和鳔的氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量、风味氨基酸总量均显著高于雄性(P<0.05),雌雄乌鳢肌肉氨基酸组成差异不显著(P>0.05);雌雄乌鳢皮肤氨基酸含量差异不显著(P>0.05),但雌乌鳢皮肤必需氨基酸总量极显著低于雄性(P<0.01),风味氨基酸总量显著高于雄性(P<0.05);雌雄乌鳢肌肉、性腺均符合FAO/WHO营养评价理想模式,但皮肤、鳔不符合FAO/WHO对于膳食蛋白质营养评价理想模式.研究表明,乌鳢肌肉和性腺蛋白质的营养价值较高,皮肤和鳔的蛋白质营养价值较低.  相似文献   

4.
The antioxidant activities and total phenolic content of fermented Salvia miltiorrhiza with fungus Geomyces luteus were investigated. The results revealed that G. luteus fermentation could significantly improve the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of S. miltiorrhiza. The main antioxidant constituents were characterized by spectroscopic analysis as salvianolic acids. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) quantification also showed the enhanced content of salvianolic acid B after fermentation. The present study suggests that G. luteus fermentations are effective in the S. miltiorrhiza salvianolic acids’ enrichment process.  相似文献   

5.
Dried ground leaves ofPsidium guajava L. (guava) were extracted by water and aqueous ethyl alcohol 50% (1∶10) ratio, and the total phenolic content in the extracts was determined spectrophotometrically according to Folin-Ciocalteu's phenol method and calculated as gallic acid equivalent (GAE). Remarkably high total phenolic content 575.3±15.5 and 511.6±6.2 mg of GAE/g of dried weight material (for ethanol guava leaf extracts and water guava leaf extracts, respectively) were obtained. The antioxidant activity of lyophilized extracts was determined at ambient temperature by means of a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydryzyl (DPPH') colorimetry with detection scheme at 515 nm. The activity was evaluated by the decrease in absorbance as the result of DPPH' color change from purple to yellow. The higher the sample concentration used, the stronger was the free radical-scavenging effect. The results obtained showed that ascorbic acid was a substantially more powerful antioxidant than the extracts from guava leaf. On the other hand, the commercial guava leaf extracts and ethanol guava leaf extracts showed almost the same antioxidant power whereas water guava leaf extracts showed lower antioxidant activity. The parameter EC50 and the time needed to reach the steady state to EC50 concentration (T EC 50) affected the antiradical capacity of the sample. The antioxidant efficiency (AE) has been shown to be a more adequate parameter for selecting antioxidants than the widely used EC50. This study revealed that guava leaf extracts comprise effective potential source of natural antioxidants.  相似文献   

6.
以DEAE-52离子交换柱层析和SephadexG-25凝胶过滤柱层析纯化米糠抗氧化肽,以硅胶G薄层层析测定其纯度,氨基酸自动分析仪测定其氨基酸组成。实验结果表明:米糠抗氧化肽经DEAE-52柱层析和Sephadex G-25柱层析后基本上得到了纯化;氨基酸组成分析表明,米糠抗氧化肽由14种氨基酸组成,富含两种酸性氨基酸:Asp、Glu,并含有6种人体必需氨基酸(Val、Met、Ile、Leu、Phe、Lys),占米糠抗氧化肽氨基酸总含量的31.89%,具有较高的营养价值和保健功能。  相似文献   

7.
The stability of clarified juice is of great importance in the beverage industry and to consumers. Phenolic compounds are considered to be one of the main factors responsible for sediment formation. The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in the phenolic content in clarified mulberry juice during storage. Hence, separation, identification, quantification, and analysis of the changes in the contents of phenolic compounds, both free and bound forms, in the supernatant and sediments of mulberry juice, were carried out using high performance liquid chromatographic system, equipped with a photo-diode array detector (HPLC-PDA) and HPLC coupled with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometric (HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) techniques. There was an increase in the amount of sediment formed over the period of study. Total phenolic content of supernatant, as well as free phenolic content in the extracts of the precipitate decreased, whereas the bound phenolic content in the sediment increased. Quantitative estimation of individual phenolic compounds indicated high degradation of free anthocyanins in the supernatant and sediment from 938.60 to 2.30 mg/L and 235.60 to 1.74 mg/g, respectively. A decrease in flavonoids in the supernatant was also observed, whereas the contents of bound forms of gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, and rutin in the sediment increased. Anthocyanins were the most abundant form of phenolics in the sediment, and accounted for 67.2% of total phenolics after 8 weeks of storage. These results revealed that phenolic compounds, particularly anthocyanins, were involved in the formation of sediments in mulberry juice during storage.  相似文献   

8.
大竹蛏软体部分的氨基酸组成分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
测定大竹蛏软体部分的氨基酸组成。结果表明,大竹蛏软体部分干物质中水解氨基酸总量为81.213%,其中必需氨基酸为27.221%,占氨基酸总量的33.518%;游离氨基酸中6种呈味氨基酸含量丰富,占游离氨基酸总量的81.09%;大竹蛏软体部分限制氨基酸为缬氨酸,必需氨基酸指数为49.88。认为大竹蛏是一种营养价值和养殖价值都较高的品种。  相似文献   

9.
晾晒烟感赤星病后游离氨基酸含量的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
不同品种晾晒烟接种赤星菌后,游离氮基酸含量也不同。随品种抗病性由弱到强,碱性、芳香族、杂环族三类基酸全病程病健比下降,酸性、脂肪族、侧链为非极性、侧链不带电极性四类氨基酸则上升,酪、赖、精、胱等氨基酸下降,苯、组、脯、蛋、谷、天、丝、苏、甘、缬、亮等氨基酸上升。品种抗性越强,苯、酪、赖、精、组、脯、胱等氨基酸上升越早,消减也越快。游离氨基酸总增值量也随品种抗性增强而增大。  相似文献   

10.
We studied the effects of hardwood-derived biochar (BC) and the phytohormone-producing endophyte Galactomyces geotrichum WLL1 in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) with respect to basic, macro- and micronutrient uptakes and assimilations, and their subsequent effects on the regulation of functional amino acids, isoflavones, fatty acid composition, total sugar contents, total phenolic contents, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-scavenging activity. The assimilation of basic nutrients such as nitrogen was up-regulated, leaving carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen unaffected in BC+G. geotrichum-treated soybean plants. In comparison, the uptakes of macro- and micronutrients fluctuated in the individual or co-application of BC and G. geotrichum in soybean plant organs and rhizospheric substrate. Moreover, the same attribute was recorded for the regulation of functional amino acids, isoflavones, fatty acid composition, total sugar contents, total phenolic contents, and DPPH-scavenging activity. Collectively, these results showed that BC+G. geotrichum-treated soybean yielded better results than did the plants treated with individual applications. It was concluded that BC is an additional nutriment source and that the G. geotrichum acts as a plant biostimulating source and the effects of both are additive towards plant growth promotion. Strategies involving the incorporation of BC and endophytic symbiosis may help achieve eco-friendly agricultural production, thus reducing the excessive use of chemical agents.  相似文献   

11.
光唇鱼肌肉营养成分与品质的评价   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
对光唇鱼（Acrossocheilus fasciatus）的合肉率和肌肉营养成分进行分析,结果表明光唇鱼的含肉率平均为59．59±2．81％,肌肉（新鲜）的水分含量77．69±1．02％,粗蛋白含量19．21±0．02％,粗脂肪含量0．54±0．05％,灰分1．01±0．03％;脂肪酸为12种,饱和脂肪酸（SFA）4种,不饱和脂肪酸（UFA）8种,其中单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）4种,多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）4种;肌肉中含有17种氨基酸,总量为69．28％（干重百分比）,7种人体必需氨基酸总量是28．98％,4种鲜味氨基酸含量为28．01％,必需氨基酸指数（EAAI）是59．56：测得矿物元素8种。  相似文献   

12.
We investigated the fatty acid profiles of muscle from large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea R.) of different age. One- and two-year-old fish were cultured in floating net cages and sampled randomly for analysis. Moisture, protein, lipid and ash contents were determined by methods of Association of Analytical Chemist (AOAC) International. Fatty acid profile was determined by gas chromatography. Crude protein, fat, moisture and ash contents showed no significant differences between the two age groups. The contents of total polyunsaturated fatty acids and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were significantly higher and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content was significantly lower in the two-year-old large yellow croaker than in the one-year-old (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in the contents of total saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids, or the ratio of n-3/n-6 fatty acids among the large yellow croakers of the two age groups. We conclude that large yellow croakers are good food sources of EPA and DHA.   相似文献   

13.
Glucosinolates, anthocyanins, total phenols, and vitamin C, as well as antioxidant capacity, were investigated in Chinese kale sprouts treated with both glucose and gibberellic acid (GA3). The combination of 3% (0.03 g/ml) glucose and 5 μol/L GA3 treatment was effective in increasing glucosinolate content while glucose or GA3 treatment alone did not influence significantly almost all individual glucosinolates or total glucosinolates. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Chinese kale sprouts were enhanced by combined treatment with glucose and GA3, which could be useful in improving the main health-promoting compounds and antioxidant activity in Chinese kale sprouts.  相似文献   

14.
该实验通过测定冠心宁注射液中的丹参酚酸类成分和糖类成分,为评价冠心宁注射液的质量品质提供理论依据.采用紫外可见分光光度法检测,进行方法学考察,测定10批冠心宁注射液的丹参酚酸和总糖的含量.结果表明,NaNO2-Al（NO3）3显色法用于测定丹参酚酸的含量;苯酚-硫酸法用于测定总糖的含量;10批冠心宁注射液中丹参酚酸和总糖的平均含量分别为93.27mg.10 ml-1、969.87 mg.10 ml-1,分别占固含物的7.66%、79.60%.因此,该方法简便快速、准确可靠,可有效评价冠心宁注射液中80%以上的大类成分的含量.  相似文献   

15.
Dried ground leaves of Psidium guajava L. (guava) were extracted by water and aqueous ethyl alcohol 50% (1:10) ratio, and the total phenolic content in the extracts was determined spectrophotometrically according to Folin- Ciocalteu's phenol method and calculated as gallic acid equivalent (GAE). Remarkably high total phenolic content 575.3 (15.5 and 511.6(6.2 mg of GAE/g of dried weight material (for ethanol guava leaf extracts and water guava leaf extracts, respectively) were obtained. The antioxidant activity of lyophilized extracts was determined at ambient temperature by means of a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydryzyl (DPPH˙) colorimetry with detection scheme at 515 nm. The activity was evaluated by the decrease in absorbance as the result of DPPH˙ color change from purple to yellow. The higher the sample concentration used, the stronger was the free radical-scavenging effect. The results obtained showed that ascorbic acid was a substantially more powerful antioxidant than the extracts from guava leaf. On the other hand, the commercial guava leaf extracts and ethanol guava leaf extracts showed almost the same antioxidant power whereas water guava leaf extracts showed lower antioxidant activity. The parameter EC50 and the time needed to reach the steady state to EC50 concentration (TEC90) affected the antiradical capacity of the sample. The antioxidant efficiency (AE) has been shown to be a more adequate parameter for selecting antioxidants than the widely used EC50. This study revealed that guava leaf extracts comprise effective potential source of natural antioxidants.  相似文献   

16.
对罗非鱼加工下脚料的一般营养成分、氨基酸组成和维生素进行了分析。分析结果表明：下脚料富含钙、维生素D和E,蛋白质和脂肪含量较高,其质量分数分别为13.10%,14.77%。在下脚料的氨基酸组成中,必需氨基酸总质量为氨基酸总质量的57.3%,氨基酸组成模式符合FAO/WHO推荐的理想模式。  相似文献   

17.
采用生物化学方法的方法,对大鳍鱯繁殖期的性腺、肝脏、肌肉的氨基酸和脂肪酸进行测定．结果表明：大鳍鱯雄性亲鱼精巢、肝脏和肌肉中,肌肉中氨基酸总量最高,为40．90g／100g;其次是精巢,为26．38g／100g;肝脏中含量最低,为18．38g／100g。从必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例来看,精巢最高,占53．41％;其次是肌肉,占52．93％;肝脏中最低,占51．96％。雌性亲鱼肌肉中氨基酸总量最高,为40．61g／100g;其次是卵巢,为22．42g／100g;肝脏中含量最低,为17．04g／100g。从必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例来看,卵巢最高,占52．85％;其次是肝脏,占51．76％;肌肉中最低,占49．OO％。从脂肪酸组成来看,雌雄亲鱼均为MUFA所占比例最高,其次是SFA,PUFA比例最小。雄鱼与雌鱼的三种组织器官中,所占比例较高的脂肪酸相似,它们是C18：1n．9（油酸）、C16：0（软脂酸）、C18：2n-6（亚油酸）和C16：1n-7（棕榈酸）。研究揭示了大鳍鱯繁殖期雌、雄亲鱼主要组织器官在物质构成上的特性。  相似文献   

18.
随着留叶数的增加，天、谷、丙、甘、亮、异亮、酪、赖、组、脯、精、蛋氨酸及总游离氨基酸晾含量均下降，苯、缬、苏氨酸在留叶21片时较高；各游离氨基酸的含量中心花开放前5d打顶最高，初花期打顶下降，其含量大多数比现蕾打顶的还低，且打顶期对游离氨基酸含量的影响大于留叶数．试验组合以X1Y1，X2Y1，x3y1各种氨基酸含量较高，X2y2，x1y2，x2y3居中，X3Y1，X3Y2较低，在试验各处理因素水平下，天、谷、脯含量占总量的49.61％-76．50％．丙、苏、酪占总量的10．63％-20．37％，苯、缬、甘占总量的5．84％-9．53％，丝、赖、组占总量的2．83％～6．49％，亮、异亮、精占总量的2．1％～4．41％，蛋占总量的1．35％～2．55％．综合结果表明，游离氨基酸含量以初花期打顶和留叶21片或24片的互作效应较好，有利烟叶品质的形成．  相似文献   

19.
Chemical composition of Gongronema latifolium leaves was determined using standard methods. Aqueous and methanol G. latifolium extracts were tested against thirteen pathogenic bacterial isolates. Crude protein, lipid extract, ash, crude fibre and nitrogen flee extractives obtained are： 27.2%, 6.07%, 11.6%, 10.8% and 44.3% dry matter respectively. Potassium, sodium, calcium, phosphorus and cobalt contents are 332, 110, 115, 125 and 116 mg/kg respectively. Dominant essential amino acids are leucine, valine and phenylalanine. Aspartic acid, glutamic acid and glycine are 13.8%, 11,9% and 10.3% respectively of total amino acid. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids are 50.2% and 39.4% of the oil respectively. Palmitic acid makes up 36% of the total fatty acid. Extracts show no activity against E. faecalis, Y. enterolytica, E. aerogenes, B. cereus and E. agglomerans. Methanol extracts were active against S, enteritidis, S. cholerasius ser typhimurium and P. aeruginosa （minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） 1 mg; zone of growth inhibition 7, 6.5 and 7 mm respectively）. Aqueous extracts show activity against E. coli （MIC 5 mg） and P. aeruginosa （MIC 1 mg） while methanol extracts are active against P. aeruginosa and L. monocytogenes. G. lafifolium has potential food and antibacterial uses.  相似文献   

20.
南美白对虾虾头的营养成分分析及评价   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
以南美白对虾虾头为原料,对虾头中的水分、脂肪、蛋白质等营养成分的含量及氨基酸组成进行了分析,结果表明:虾头的蛋白质质量分数为13．80％,脂肪质量分数为2．80％,富含脂溶性维生素E和A,矿物质中的Ca含量较高,甲壳质的质量分数为18．5％。虾头的氨基酸组成中,必需氨基酸质量占氨基酸总量的41％,氨基酸价为73,Asp、Glu等呈鲜味的氨基酸含量较高,蛋白质营养价值高。  相似文献   

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