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学习不良儿童信息加工特点和影响因素研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据学习不良儿童筛选标准 ,采用认知研究范式 ,运用自然实验法和教育实验法 ,以及量表法和访谈法等 ,对 1 2 2名学习不良儿童信息加工特点和影响因素进行了实证研究 ,同时通过个案研究和调查研究进行了定性分析。研究结果表明 ,学习不良儿童属于异质群体 ,其实质在于信息加工存在缺陷 ,且可以从一般信息加工或基本心理过程障碍和社会信息加工过程障碍 ,来研究其学业和社会性困难的心理机制。这可以为制定科学的学习不良儿童干预和矫治方案提供心理学依据。 相似文献
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社会支持是学业不良儿童社会性发展研究的重要内容,本文采用问卷法对189名学业不良儿童和205名普通儿童进行对比研究,结果表明:(1)学业不良儿童在获得父母亲、教师和同性朋友的总体社会支持上均少于普通儿童,并且在母亲支持和教师支持上存在显著差异;(2)在父母和教师的多项具体社会支持内容上,学业不良儿童的得分也显著低于普通儿童;(3)学业不良儿童更倾向于从异性朋友那里获得陪伴娱乐性支持和亲密感。 相似文献
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一、学业不良儿童社会性发展障碍的表现
这里,依据俞国良等学者的研究思路,主要从学业不良儿童的社会交往、自我概念和社会行为等方面来说明其社会性发展障碍的表现. 相似文献
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我国学习不良儿童社会性发展研究综述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
学习不良是指个体的实际学业成就与根据其智力潜能期望达到的学业成绩之间的差异,这种差异达到一定标准时就是学习不良。我国对学习不良儿童社会性发展的研究主要从其社会认知、社会行为与相关因素三个方面来探讨学习不良儿童社会性发展的内在机制、特点及影响因素。本文总结了国内这方面的相关研究,以便理清思路,为今后的研究提供借鉴。 相似文献
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刘佳 《濮阳职业技术学院学报》2010,23(1):133-135
社会信息加工模型包括五个加工环节,每一环节的运转都离不开个体固有的社会经验和内部认知活动,加工过程中,一旦信息输入有误或者加工环节出现认知偏向,则有可能导致攻击行为的产生。研究表明,稳定的社会信息加工模式可预测到近80％的攻击行为表现。因此,针对社会信息加工模型环节中儿童可能出现的错误与偏向,提前进行引导与教育。授予相关社会技巧,是减少儿童攻击行为的有效尝试与突破。 相似文献
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20世纪80年代以来,我国出现了一个特殊的社会群体——农村"留守儿童"群体.本文主要关注农村"留守儿童"学业不良的问题,查阅了2004年到2007年国内关于农村"留守儿童"学业不良问题的文献,对留守状态是否导致农村"留守儿童"学业不良、"留守儿童"学业不良的原因分析以及解决对策等研究进行了系统的梳理和评述.综述认为,今后的相关研究要注重组织权威机构和优势的研究力量对农村"留守儿童"学业不良的问题进行专门系统的调查研究,形成科学的结论,揭示深层问题,同时,加强农村"留守儿童"学业不良的实证研究,以便更有效地改善"留守儿童"学业不良的现状。 相似文献
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随着社会信息加工心理学的崛起,人们开始用社会信息加工过程中可能存在的障碍来理解学习困难儿童的社会性发展.以往对学习困难儿童的社会目标、社会行为和同伴接纳的研究主要考察两两之间的关系,本研究用社会信息加工模型来系统考察三者之间的关系.研究发现:(1)学习困难儿童的社会目标存在年级差异;(2)学习困难儿童自我报告的攻击行为存在年级差异;(3)学习困难儿童同伴评定的攻击行为存在性别差异;(4)在敌意和非敌意归因情境下,学习困难儿童的社会目标对社会行为和同伴接纳都有影响,从而为教育者通过干预学习困难儿童的社会目标来改善他们的社会行为和人际关系提供理论依据. 相似文献
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采用问卷法对80名学业不良中小学生的社会支持总体状况和特征进行研究。结果表明:(1)我国西部学业不良学生从不同支持源处所获社会支持不均衡,父母几乎是各种社会支持的主要提供者;(2)学业不良学生感知的不同类型社会支持不均衡,主要表现为陪伴亲密感支持与其他支持的反差;(3)从小学到初中的过渡期是学业不良学生感知各种社会支持发生变化的重要时期;(4)学业不良男女生感知部分社会支持的方式和结果不同。 相似文献
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本研究采用问卷法对邢台职业技术学院499名学业不良高职生进行调查,重点探讨学业不良高职生社会支持与自尊的现状,以期对提高教育教学质量提出建议。 相似文献
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Social information processing, security of attachment, and emotion regulation in children with learning disabilities 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study examined the contribution of attachment security and emotion regulation (ER) to the explanation of social information processing (SIP) in middle childhood boys with learning disabilities (LD) and without LD matched on age and grade level. Children analyzed four social vignettes using Dodge's SIP model and completed the Kerns security scale and the children's self-control scale. Study results demonstrated major difficulties in SIP, lower attachment security, and less ER in children with LD compared to children without LD. Attachment as well as the interaction between attachment and ER emerged as important contributors to most SIP steps, suggesting that children with higher security who also have better ER skills will have better SIP capabilities along the different steps, beyond group inclusion. Results were discussed in terms of practical and clinical implications regarding the importance of mother-child attachment and ER skills for social cognitive capabilities in children with LD. 相似文献
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The present study aimed to comprehensively examine social cognition processes in children with and without learning disabilities (LD), focusing on social information processing (SIP) and complex emotional understanding capabilities such as understanding complex, mixed, and hidden emotions. Participants were 50 children with LD (age range 9.4-12.7; 35 boys, 15 girls) and 50 children without LD matched on grade, age, and gender. Children analyzed 4 social vignettes using Dodge's SIP model and completed 2 emotional recognition tasks (pictures and stories) and 4 emotional knowledge tasks, such as providing definitions and examples for 5 emotions (e.g., loneliness, pride, embarrassment). Study results demonstrated that children with LD had major difficulties in SIP processes and consistent difficulties with the different tasks in the understanding of complex emotions and in higher emotional understanding capabilities, such as understanding that 2 conflicting emotions (love and hate) can be simultaneously experienced. We discuss the implications of such difficulties for the understanding of social competence in children with LD as well as their implications for social skills intervention. 相似文献
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学习困难生的社会信息加工范式是目前研究学习困难学生社会性发展的主要范式,学习困难儿童自我概念的研究是当前学习困难儿童社会性发展的一个重要研究领域。目前比较一致的认为,自我概念一般包括三个维度：学业自我概念、非学业自我概念和一般/总体自我概念。从学习困难的概念与理解、学习困难学生自我概念和学习困难学生自我概念的干预研究三个方面进行了总结,并提出相关思考和建议。 相似文献
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Nucci L 《Child development》2004,75(4):1009-1012
The Arsenio and Lemerise (this issue) proposal integrating social information processing (SIP) and domain theory to study children's aggression is evaluated from a domain theory perspective. Basic tenets of domain theory rendering it compatible with SIP are discussed as well as points of divergence. Focus is directed to the proposition that domains constitute latent structures of SIP. Latent structures are described as cogenerative elements of online processing rather than cumulative stores of social information. Microgenetic studies of the reciprocal role of productive systems described within SIP and latent structures attributed to domain theory are proposed as important to the study of children' aggression. Domain theory studies of social exclusion and bullying are proposed as rich contexts for future research. 相似文献
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A paradigm of specialized brain hemisphere processing abilities was used to test cognitive skills and cognitive style in "learning-disabled" (LD) and "normal" children. Results indicate that (1) verbal ability is not a unitary factor, and LD children are deficient in only some aspects of verbal ability; (2) the LD group perform as well as the control group on right-hemisphere tests; (3) LD boys are more field sensitive (field dependent) than the control boys; (4) LD children may be attempting to use a nonverbal information processing mode to deal with academic tasks. The need for information on nonverbal processing skills in order to aid verbal processing is discussed. 相似文献
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Hana Tur‐Kaspa 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2004,19(1):3-11
The study examined the social‐information‐processing skills of kindergarten children with developmental learning disabilities (LD) utilizing Crick and Dodge's (1994) model of children's social adjustment as a theoretical framework. Participants consisted of 20 kindergarten children with developmental LD who attended three integrated kindergartens and 20 children without developmental LD from the same kindergartens. Participants were assessed on social‐information‐processing skills, feelings of loneliness, sense of coherence, and teachers' ratings of behavioral problems and positive resources. The results indicated that girls with developmental LD performed significantly lower on two information‐processing steps—the response decision and the enactment steps—than did girls without LD. Such differences were not found for boys. The results also showed that the social‐information‐processing skills of children with developmental LD were correlated with teachers' ratings. 相似文献
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Lindsay Zajac Megan K. Bookhout Julie A. Hubbard Elizabeth A. Carlson Mary Dozier 《Child development》2020,91(1):145-162
This study examined infant attachment as a predictor of social information processing (SIP) in middle childhood (n = 82) while controlling for parental sensitivity in middle childhood. Attachment quality was assessed using the Strange Situation. Although attachment insecurity did not predict SIP, attachment disorganization positively predicted the early SIP steps of hostile attributional bias and aggressive goals. Children with disorganized attachments interpreted ambiguous provocations more negatively (as indicating more hostility, rejection, and disrespect and as resulting in more anger) and endorsed significantly more revenge and dominance goals than children with organized attachments. In contrast, parental sensitivity negatively predicted the later SIP step of positive expectations for aggressive responses. Results further our understanding of the adverse outcomes associated with attachment disorganization. 相似文献
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Raymond E. Webster Cathy W. Hall Michael B. Brown Larry M. Bolen 《Psychology in the schools》1996,33(3):193-201
This study assesses information processing and memory functioning in 50 children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) with and without learning disabilities (LD). Mode of presentation (visual vs. auditory), type of memory processing (immediate, short-term, and long-term), and order of recall (ordered vs. unordered) were assessed using the Learning Efficiency Test-II (LET-II). Both groups demonstrated difficulty with auditory ordered recall and lost substantial information from immediate memory to short-term and long-term memory stores. The ADHD/LD group also demonstrated more difficulty with ordered recall than the ADHD only group. While there were no differences between the two groups in regard to immediate recall, the ADHD/LD group demonstrated more problems transferring information into short-term and long-term memory stores than the ADHD only group. Verbal interference effects significantly decreased retention for both visual and auditory processing. Results indicate that ADHD alone presents significant problems in information processing, but the comorbid effects of a learning disability further intensify the negative impact of ADHD. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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叶飞 《苏州教育学院学报》2013,30(2):91-94
以往谈判研究多从认知或动机的单一视角切入,动机性信息加工（MIP）理论首次结合了认知视角和动机视角,探讨谈判的过程和机制。MIP理论由社会动机和求知动机两方面构成。社会动机指对谈判结果在自己与对方之间的特定分配的偏好,影响信息加工的选择和内容,求知动机指发展和保持对周围世界的精确和全面理解的意愿,影响信息加工的深度。MIP理论的谈判研究也取得了丰富的成果,如谈判策略的选择、信息选择的偏好等。同时,对未来的研究进行了展望。 相似文献