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1.
利用西藏色林错流域气象观测站1961～2008年逐月平均气温、降水量等资料,分析了近50牟流域气温、降水的年际和年代际变化特征和异常年份,结果表明：近50年流域年平均气温以0．40℃／10a的速率显著升高,冬季增温最突出。平均最高气温除夏季变化趋势不大外,其它各季以0．21～0．35℃／10a的速度显著升高;年平均最低气温以0．56℃／10a的速度显著升高,明显高于最高气温的井幅。流域年降水量以20．4mm／10a的速率呈显著的增加趋势,四季降水量表现为增加趋势,为0．8～10．4mm／10a,以夏季增幅最大。20世纪60年代至90年代,除夏季外,其它3季和年平均气温都表现为逐年代增加趋势。年、季平均最高气温的年代际变化特征不明显。60年代流域降水表现为偏少的年代际变化特征;70年代夏季降水偏多,其它季节偏少;80年代夏、秋两季降水正常,冬、春季偏多;90年代,夏季偏少,秋、冬季偏多;进入21世纪前8年,秋季降水偏少,其它三季降水偏多,年降水量增幅明显。 相似文献
2.
近45年羊卓雍湖西部流域气候的变化特征初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用浪卡子站建站以来的年平均气温、降水量、蒸发量、最高气温、最低气温资料,运用统计方法来分析了近45年羊卓雍湖西部流域的年际和年代际变化。结果表明:近45年来,羊卓雍湖西部流域年平均气温、最高气温、最低气温呈显著的升高趋势,升幅分别为0.29℃/10a、0.1℃/10a、1.1℃/10a;年降水量表现为不显著的增加趋势,平均每10年增加3.8mm。 相似文献
3.
1957年至2008年海河流域气温变化趋势和突变分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
气温变化是气候变化背景下科学研究的热点问题。海河流域作为中国的粮食主产区,其气温的变化研究对于指导农业生产生活具有重要的意义。本文采用成熟的Mann_Kendall非参数检验方法对海河流域1957年-2008年的年平均气温、最高气温和最低气温的变化趋势进行了显著性检验,并采用滑动t-检验法对气温的突变期进行了分析,结果表明:海河流域年平均气温、最高气温、最低气温全部呈上升趋势,并且全区平均气温上升显著,东北部地区的最高和最低气温的上升趋势也全部通过显著性检验;各月平均气温中,1月、2月、3月、4月、9月气温上升显著。最低气温增温显著,邢台、蔚县和霸州等形成多个骤升中心,其中邢台最低气温最大变幅达0.78℃/10a;流域内大部分地区气温发生突变的年限多在1971年-1974年,1986年-1988年,1993年-1994年和1996年-1999年。气温突变主要发生在20世纪70年代和90年代,并且2月、3月份发生突变的范围最广。 相似文献
4.
通过分析１９５１年至１９９６年杭州逐年最高、最低气温，逐月、年平均温度，１月最低温度小于０℃日数、７月最高气温大于或等于３５℃日数等资料，研究了杭州４６年来气温的变化趋势，结果表明：杭州年平均气温呈上升趋势，线性增加率为１．０９℃／１００ａ，其中，秋、冬、春三季气温明显上升，１０月平均气温的线性增加率最大，为２．７０℃／１００ａ；夏季气温则呈下降趋势，７月平均气温的线性递减率最大，为－１．０８℃／１００ａ；气温变化总体是非对称的． 相似文献
5.
近50年来雅鲁藏布江流域气温变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1961～2010年西藏雅鲁藏布江流域6个气象站逐月平均气温、最高气温、最低气温等资料,采用气候趋势、气候倾向率、滑动平均和M-K法等现代气候诊断方法,分析近50年来雅鲁藏布江流域气温的年、季和年代际变化。结果表明:雅江流域近50年来平均气温、最高气温、最低气温均呈现显著的升温趋势,增温幅度分别为0.35℃/10a、0.31℃/10a和0.45℃/10a。最低气温的增温幅度大于平均气温和最高气温。各气温呈明显的逐年代上升趋势,20世纪90年代以来增温速度极大,尤其是21世纪初增温更加显著。 相似文献
6.
利用黄河源区12个测站近45a的年平均气温资料,采用EOF、小波分析、Mann-kendall等方法对黄河源区气温变化的时空分布特征进行了分析。结果表明,黄河源区年平均气温的空间变化均具有很好的整体一致性,反映了年平均气温在1960s到1980s期间一个较为平缓的增温过程,1980s后期开始呈现明显的上升趋势,春夏秋冬四个季节的平均气温的增温趋势与年平均气温大致相同,以冬季增温幅度最大。小波分析显示,黄河源区的年平均气温在近45a里主要存在着2年和4~6年的年际变化周期,以及14年的年代际变化周期。在空间分布上,结合EOF和线性倾向估计分析表明,源区中南部升温幅度较小,东部和北部较大,以源区北部升温率最高。另外,各季节气温与年平均气温的变化特征基本是一致的。 相似文献
7.
1961-2012年云南省极端气温时空演变规律研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用云南省122个气象观测站1961-2012年逐月极值气温资料,采用线性趋势分析等方法分析1961-2012年云南省四季和年极端气温的变化趋势特征。结果表明:低纬高原地区年平均最高(最低)气温及四季最高(最低)气温的空间分布呈现北低南高的形式,整体上从滇西北向南随纬度的降低而增加,表现出明显的地区差异,最高(最低)气温的高值区域主要分布在河谷地区、云南南部地区,最高气温和最低气温的分布特征不仅受复杂地形的影响,而且还与观测站的海拔高度有关。最高(最低)气温低值区域主要分布在滇西北、滇东北;云南年平均最高气温与夏、秋、冬季最高气温的变化趋势基本相似,春季最高(最低)气温的变化具有明显的区域特征。除局部地区有降温外,升温趋势是最大的特点,升温最快的区域在滇西北。云南最高气温和最低气温的变化均呈明显的增温趋势,而最低气温的变化速度比最高气温的升温幅度快,说明云南的冷事件在减少,暖事件在增多。最高气温和最低气温的突变时间分别发生在2001年和1993年,最高气温的极大值出现在2010年,而最低气温的最大值也发生在2010年。不同气候类型代表站极端气温具有年代际和年际变化周期;极端气温发生的突变时间不同,而部分代表站的极端气温并未发生突变。 相似文献
8.
9.
《资源科学》2019,(1)
了解西藏高原冬虫夏草产区气候变化对当地冬虫夏草资源可持续利用和生态环境保护十分重要。本文利用产区24个气象站1981—2015年的气温、降水、日照资料,采用线性趋势分析、Mann-Kendall突变检验等方法,对产区气温、降水和日照的变化时空特征进行了分析,并集合平均5种气候模式在RCP4.5、RCP8.5两种情景下对产区未来年平均气温和年降水量进行了模拟预估。结果表明:近35年产区年平均气温表现为明显的升高趋势,冬春季升温最为显著,其次为夏秋季;雨季平均气温升温率小于年平均气温升温率。年和雨季的平均最高气温、平均最低气温均呈显著升高趋势,绝大部分站点的年、雨季平均最低气温升温率和平均最高气温升温率均明显大于同期平均气温升温率。年降水量大部分站点为增加趋势,但地区差异性较大;年平均日照时数和雨季日照时数均表现为明显的减少趋势。预估表明产区21世纪未来不同时段气候均表现为气温升高,降水增多的暖湿化发展趋势。未来冬虫夏草适宜海拔下限直接抬升将导致适宜区范围缩小,气候变化将对冬虫夏草的产生和生长造成严重威胁。 相似文献
10.
长江黄河源区近45年气候变化特征分析 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13
气候要素序列的变化主要包括趋势变化、随机变化和周期变化,因此本文采用M-K趋势分析、R/S分析及小波分析研究长江黄河源区近45年(1961年-2007年)气候变化特征。经M-K检验和R/S分析,表明近45年长江黄河源区气温显著升高,增幅明显高于青藏高原平均值,其对全球变暖的响应更为显著,降水变化不一致,总体呈现增加的趋势;气候变暖存在非对称变化现象,长江源区年平均最高气温和极端最高气温变化明显,而黄河源区正好相反,年平均最低气温和极端最低气温变化显著;各项气候要素变化长期相关性特征均表现为持续性,过去总体升温的趋势预示未来气温总体趋势仍将继续上升,降水变化趋势与过去一致;小波分析结果表明,长江黄河源区各个站点的年降水量和年均气温的变化周期及相位都具有很好的一致性,基本上都存27～28年、16～21年、7～11年、3～5年等时间尺度的周期。 相似文献
11.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
12.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
13.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
14.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
15.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
16.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
17.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
18.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
19.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
20.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):83-96
The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests. 相似文献