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高颖 《体育科技文献通报》2013,21(5):43-45
目的对乒乓球运动员正手弧圈球技术的脚部用力情况进行研究。方法首先要求运动员发出的正手弧圈球力量能够明显区分,分为强力量和中等力量两种;其次从3个方向（垂直、水平、前后）对两种发球力量进行测量;最后分别对左右脚发力进行生物力学分析,并对两脚发力最大值进行对比。结果不管是用中等力量或强力量完成正手弧圈球,垂直方向的下肢脚部用力均大于左右和前后方向的脚部用力,且身体重心的转移将密切影响脚部用力的大小。结论运动员在发出正手弧圈球时,不仅要十分注意前后方向和左右方向的脚部用力,同时还应调整身体的重心。 相似文献
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运用两块瑞士产 KISTLER 三维测力台对10名优秀男乒乓球运动员正手拉弧圈球技术过程中地面对人体的地面支撑反作用力进行测试.用两种发力方式拉弧圈球,一为用最大力量,二为中等力量.从垂直、水平、前后3个方向对完成轻拉和重拉时左右脚地面支撑反作用力的生物力学特征进行了描述,并对两种技术动作之间左右脚支反力的最大力值进行了对比分析,得出:(1)完成轻拉和重拉时,垂直方向上的地面支撑反作用力最大.左右和前后方向上的支反力较小;身体重心的移动影响地面支撑反作用力的变化,两者之间有密切联系.(2)发力拉弧圈球时,更要注重增加左右方向和前后方向上的蹬地力和重心移动幅度. 相似文献
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国际乒联“禁胶令”的施行将对乒乓球技术产生重大影响,为了明确使用无机胶水后的乒乓球弧圈球技术动作的运动学特征,运用运动学三维常速摄像解析法对4名山东省乒乓球学校的学生进行了无机胶水与有机胶水正手弧圈球技术的研究。经过对比研究发现,同一名运动员使用两种胶水做弧圈球技术动作,动作统一稳定,已达到动力定型,两种胶水对同一运动员的弧圈球技术动作无明显影响,但在最大击球速度方面,同一名运动员使用无机胶水粘合球拍的最大击球速度明显小于使用有机胶水粘合球拍的最大击球速度。 相似文献
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近台快攻打法是我国的传统打法,自６０年代世界乒坛出现了弧圈打法以来,我国 的近台快攻受到了一定的威胁。在研究攻打,快速圈球的基础上,提出了正手挤打弧圈球技术,它降低了击球难度,增加了击球的稳健性,从而弥补了快速打法正手位对付弧圈球的不足。 相似文献
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通过使用美国APAS三维立体影像解析系统,获取辽宁省乒乓球队男队优秀运动员正手反拉高吊和前冲两项弧圈技术动作及球运行轨迹的运动学参数,从运动员基本技术动作入手,对反拉高吊与前冲弧圈技术进行系统直观的论述.通过对两项技术中运动员下肢、重心、上肢及球拍运动学参数进行系统的分析,并结合运动生物力学找出两项技术及其每个环节运动的特征和差异,来阐述对作用球产生的不同运动学效应,为乒乓球正手反拉弧圈球技术动作的教学和训练提供理论及数据参考. 相似文献
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今天说到现代乒乓球进攻技术里最主流的一项——弧圈球。还是先让我们来点老生常谈:自从上个世纪五六十年代日本人发明了弧圈之后,到今天,它已经成为最重要的进攻技术——即使对削球选手也不例外,但正胶选手除外。弧圈球有旋转,制造弧线更好,摩擦更多些,出手更稳定些,速度也不是很慢,比较好地兼顾了威胁和命中率,而且近台、中近台、远台都能用,所以比正手攻球(快攻)的使用范围广泛得多。还有一点很 相似文献
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反拉技术是弧圈球选手的一项必备技术，运用得好，可使其在退台后从相持或被动中转为主动，是防守转攻的杀招。笔通过多年的教学实践和训练，现就如何提高青少年乒乓球运动员正手反拉能力的训练进行总结分析。 相似文献
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运用瑞典产QUALISYS-MCU,500红外远射测试系统(6个镜头)和1台Panasonic M9500录像机同步对10名乒乓球运动员正手快攻、弧圈球技术(每种技术分中等力量和最大力量两种发力方式)进行测试与分析.揭示了优秀乒乓球运动员正手快攻、弧圈球技术中上肢执拍手臂和非执拍手臂的肩、肘关节的角度、角速度的运动学特征.研究认为,在击球的引拍和挥拍击球阶段,上肢各关节的动作不像其他生物力学研究所说的是鞭打动作形式,上肢各关节最大速度出现的顺序没有定式,动作与动作之间、个体与个体之间差异较大. 相似文献
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Bruce C. Elliott 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):983-991
Here, I review research that has investigated the aetiology of injuries experienced by adolescent and adult fast bowlers. Mechanical factors play an important role in the aetiology of degenerative processes and injuries to the lumbar spine. This is particularly so in fast bowling, where a player must absorb vertical and horizontal components of the ground reaction force that are approximately five and two times body weight at front-foot and rear-foot impact, respectively. Attenuated forces are transmitted to the spine through the lower limb, while additional foces at the lumbo-sacral junction are caused by trunk hyperextension, lateral flexion and twisting during the delivery stride. Fast bowlers are classified as side-on, front-on or mixed. The mixed action is categorized by the lower body configuration of the front-on action and the upper body configuration of the side-on technique. This upper body configuration is produced by counter-rotation away from the batsman in the transverse plane about the longitudinal axis of the body of a line through the two shoulders. Counter-rotations of 12–40° during a delivery stride have predicted an increased incidence of lumbar spondylolysis, disc abnormality and muscle injury in fast bowlers. During the delivery stride, the mixed bowling action also shows: more lateral flexion and hyperextension of the lumbar spine at front-foot impact, and a greater range of motion of the trunk over the delivery stride when compared with the side-on and front-on techniques. The pars interarticularis of each vertebra is vulnerable to injury if repetitive flexion, rotation and hyperextension are present in the activity. Fast bowlers should reduce shoulder counter-rotation during the delivery stride to reduce the incidence of back injuries. When a player is required to bowl for extended periods irrespective of technique, overuse is also related to an increased incidence of back injuries and must be avoided. 相似文献
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Back injuries and the fast bowler in cricket 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Elliott BC 《Journal of sports sciences》2000,18(12):983-991
Here, I review research that has investigated the aetiology of injuries experienced by adolescent and adult fast bowlers. Mechanical factors play an important role in the aetiology of degenerative processes and injuries to the lumbar spine. This is particularly so in fast bowling, where a player must absorb vertical and horizontal components of the ground reaction force that are approximately five and two times body weight at front-foot and rear-foot impact, respectively. Attenuated forces are transmitted to the spine through the lower limb, while additional forces at the lumbo-sacral junction are caused by trunk hyperextension, lateral flexion and twisting during the delivery stride. Fast bowlers are classified as side-on, front-on or mixed. The mixed action is categorized by the lower body configuration of the front-on action and the upper body configuration of the side-on technique. This upper body configuration is produced by counter-rotation away from the batsman in the transverse plane about the longitudinal axis of the body of a line through the two shoulders. Counter-rotations of 12-40 degrees during a delivery stride have predicted an increased incidence of lumbar spondylolysis, disc abnormality and muscle injury in fast bowlers. During the delivery stride, the mixed bowling action also shows: more lateral flexion and hyperextension of the lumbar spine at front-foot impact, and a greater range of motion of the trunk over the delivery stride when compared with the side-on and front-on techniques. The pars interarticularis of each vertebra is vulnerable to injury if repetitive flexion, rotation and hyperextension are present in the activity. Fast bowlers should reduce shoulder counter-rotation during the delivery stride to reduce the incidence of back injuries. When a player is required to bowl for extended periods irrespective of technique, overuse is also related to an increased incidence of back injuries and must be avoided. 相似文献
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Introduction: Adolescent fast bowlers are prone to sustaining lumbar injuries. Numerous components have been identified as contributing factors; however, there is limited empirical evidence outlining how the muscles of the lumbopelvic region, which play a vital role in stabilising the spine, function during the bowling action and the influence of such activation on injuries in the fast bowler. Methods: Surface electromyography was utilised to measure the function of the lumbar erector spinae, lumbar multifidus, gluteus medius and gluteus maximus muscles bilaterally during the fast bowling action in a group of 35 cricket fast bowlers aged 12–16 years. Results: Two prominent periods of activation occurred in each of the muscles examined. The period of greatest mean activation in the erector spinae and multifidus occurred near back foot contact (BFC) and within the post-ball-release (BR) phase. The period of greatest mean activation for the gluteus medius and gluteus maximus occurred during phases of ipsilateral foot contact. Discussion: The greatest periods of muscle activation in the paraspinal and gluteal muscles occurred at times where vertical forces were high such as BFC, and in the phases near BR where substantial shear forces are present. Conclusion: The posterior muscles within the lumbopelvic region appear to play a prominent role during the bowling action, specifically when compressive and shear forces are high. Further research is required to substantiate these findings and establish the role of the lumbopelvic muscles in the aetiology of lumbar injury in the cricket fast bowler. 相似文献
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通过对乒乓球运动技术的达标技评、理论知识、运动表象的清晰性、完整性等进行了研究得出结论：乒乓球正手快攻技术自学辅导教学能使学生在理论成绩、运动表象的完整性和清晰性上优于传统教学的效果；自学辅导教学能够更好促进运动基本技术的形成和掌握；教学方法符合大学生的心理特点，能够调动学生的积极性，同时也充分发挥了教师的主导作用；自学辅导教学对学生自学能力、教学能力等多种能力的培养、提高可起到积极作用： 相似文献
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Rene Ferdinands Robert N. Marshall Uwe Kersting 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(3):139-152
Kinematic studies have shown that fast bowlers have run-up velocities, based on centre of mass velocity calculations, which are comparable to elite javelin throwers. In this study, 34 fast bowlers (22.3 ± 3.7 years) of premier grade level and above were tested using a three-dimensional (3-D) motion analysis system (240 Hz). Bowlers were divided into four speed groups: slow-medium, medium, medium-fast, and fast. The mean centre of mass velocity at back foot contact (run-up speed) was 5.3 ± 0.6 m/s. Centre of mass velocity at back foot contact was significantly faster in the fastest two bowling groups compared to the slow-medium bowling group. In addition, stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the centre of mass deceleration over the delivery stride phase was the strongest predictor of ball speed in the faster bowling groups. In conclusion, centre of mass kinematics are an important determinant of ball speed generation in fast bowlers. In particular, bowlers able to coordinate their bowling action with periods of centre of mass deceleration may be more likely to generate high ball speed. 相似文献
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The effects of training with overweight and underweight cricket balls on fast-bowling speed and accuracy were investigated in senior club cricket bowlers randomly assigned to either a traditional (n = 9) or modified-implement training (n = 7) group. Both groups performed bowling training three times a week for 10 weeks. The traditional training group bowled only regulation cricket balls (156 g), whereas the modified-implement training group bowled a combination of overweight (161-181 g), underweight (151-131 g) and regulation cricket balls. A radar gun measured the speed of 18 consecutive deliveries for each bowler before, during and after the training period. Video recordings of the deliveries were also analysed to determine bowling accuracy in terms of first-bounce distance from the stumps. Bowling speed, which was initially 108 +/- 5 km h(-1) (mean +/- standard deviation), increased in the modified-implement training group by 4.0 km x h(-1) and in the traditional training group by 1.3 km x h(-1) (difference, 2.7 km x h(-1); 90% confidence limits, 1.2 to 4.2 km x h(-1)). For a minimum worthwhile change of 5 km x h(-1), the chances that the true effect on bowling speed was practically beneficial/trivial/harmful were 1.0/99/< 0.1%. For bowling accuracy, the chances were 1/48/51%. This modified-implement training programme is not a useful training strategy for club cricketers. 相似文献
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The effects of training with overweight and underweight cricket balls on fast-bowling speed and accuracy were investigated in senior club cricket bowlers randomly assigned to either a traditional (n = 9) or modified-implement training (n = 7) group. Both groups performed bowling training three times a week for 10 weeks. The traditional training group bowled only regulation cricket balls (156 g), whereas the modified-implement training group bowled a combination of overweight (161?-?181 g), underweight (151?-?131 g) and regulation cricket balls. A radar gun measured the speed of 18 consecutive deliveries for each bowler before, during and after the training period. Video recordings of the deliveries were also analysed to determine bowling accuracy in terms of first-bounce distance from the stumps. Bowling speed, which was initially 108?±?5 km?·?h?1 (mean?±?standard deviation), increased in the modified-implement training group by 4.0 km?·?h?1 and in the traditional training group by 1.3 km?·?h?1 (difference, 2.7 km?·?h?1; 90% confidence limits, 1.2 to 4.2 km?·?h?1). For a minimum worthwhile change of 5 km?·?h?1, the chances that the true effect on bowling speed was practically beneficial/trivial/harmful were 1.0/99/<?0.1%. For bowling accuracy, the chances were 1/48/51%. This modified-implement training programme is not a useful training strategy for club cricketers. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to compare thoracic spine alignment with two-and three-dimensional calculations of shoulder alignment (defined as a line joining the acromion processes of the right and left scapula) when all measures were projected onto the transverse plane. A six-camera Vicon system was used to reconstruct three markers positioned on the plane of the thorax such that the orthogonal vector to the thoracic spine, projected onto the transverse plane, was used as a virtual shoulder alignment during cricket fast bowling. This same measurement system was used to calculate the three-dimensional line between the acromion processes projected onto the transverse plane. These acromion markers were also used to calculate the two-dimensional transverse plane alignment of the shoulders from images recorded by a video camera positioned above ball release. All cameras operated at 50 Hz. A significant association was recorded between thorax alignment and the three- (0.97) and two-dimensional (0.87) shoulder alignment estimations at back-foot impact. The strength of association remained at front-foot impact, when correlations of 0.89 (three-dimensional) and 0.84 (twodimensional) were recorded. However, at ball release, non-significant associations of 0.58 (three-dimensional) and 0.41 (two-dimensional), representing shoulder alignment differences of approximately 10°, were recorded. The 95% limits of agreement comparisons for shoulder alignment at back-foot impact, front-foot impact and ball release produced mean random errors for the two comparisons of 9.5°, 11.7° and 22.5° respectively. Three- and two-dimensional transverse plane projections of shoulder alignment are reasonable estimates of thorax alignment at back-foot impact and front-foot impact but not at ball release. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to compare thoracic spine alignment with two- and three-dimensional calculations of shoulder alignment (defined as a line joining the acromion processes of the right and left scapula) when all measures were projected onto the transverse plane. A six-camera Vicon system was used to reconstruct three markers positioned on the plane of the thorax such that the orthogonal vector to the thoracic spine, projected onto the transverse plane, was used as a virtual shoulder alignment during cricket fast bowling. This same measurement system was used to calculate the three-dimensional line between the acromion processes projected onto the transverse plane. These acromion markers were also used to calculate the two-dimensional transverse plane alignment of the shoulders from images recorded by a video camera positioned above ball release. All cameras operated at 50 Hz. A significant association was recorded between thorax alignment and the three- (0.97) and two-dimensional (0.87) shoulder alignment estimations at back-foot impact. The strength of association remained at front-foot impact, when correlations of 0.89 (three-dimensional) and 0.84 (two-dimensional) were recorded. However, at ball release, non-significant associations of 0.58 (three-dimensional) and 0.41 (two-dimensional), representing shoulder alignment differences of approximately 10 degrees, were recorded. The 95% limits of agreement comparisons for shoulder alignment at back-foot impact, front-foot impact and ball release produced mean random errors for the two comparisons of 9.5 degrees, 11.7 degrees and 22.5 degrees respectively. Three- and two-dimensional transverse plane projections of shoulder alignment are reasonable estimates of thorax alignment at back-foot impact and front-foot impact but not at ball release. 相似文献
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Ferdinands R Marshall RN Kersting U 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2010,9(3):139-152
Kinematic studies have shown that fast bowlers have run-up velocities, based on centre of mass velocity calculations, which are comparable to elite javelin throwers. In this study, 34 fast bowlers (22.3 +/- 3.7 years) of premier grade level and above were tested using a three-dimensional (3-D) motion analysis system (240 Hz). Bowlers were divided into four speed groups: slow-medium, medium, medium-fast, and fast. The mean centre of mass velocity at back foot contact (run-up speed) was 5.3 +/- 0.6 m/s. Centre of mass velocity at back foot contact was significantly faster in the fastest two bowling groups compared to the slow-medium bowling group. In addition, stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the centre of mass deceleration over the delivery stride phase was the strongest predictor of ball speed in the faster bowling groups. In conclusion, centre of mass kinematics are an important determinant of ball speed generation in fast bowlers. In particular, bowlers able to coordinate their bowling action with periods of centre of mass deceleration may be more likely to generate high ball speed. 相似文献