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1.
Steve Sawyer Kevin Crowston Rolf T. Wigand Marcel Allbritton 《The Information Society》2013,29(2):135-154
Information and communications technologies (ICT) are becoming pervasive in the residential real-estate industry and their usage is affecting the work lives of real-estate agents. Drawing on data from a regional study of the residential real-estate industry in the United States, we focus on the disintermediation or, more accurately, the reintermediation of real-estate agents in the sales process. Using data collected from interviews, direct observation, and archival records, we examine how real-estate agents are (1) taking advantage of new ICT in their work, and (2) protecting themselves from others wishing to displace their position in the real-estate value chain. Our analysis of this activity draws on two contrasting theoretical perspectives to illuminate the roles of residential real-estate agents: transaction cost and social capital. The results of this study provide insights into the ways in which ICT are used to build and draw on the social relationships that underpin the actual transactions, to help guide the process of buying/selling a house, and to invoke expertise as needed. 相似文献
2.
全面利用专利无效诉讼中的专利信息分析产业竞争态势及策略,对于提升企业竞争决策效率具有实践意义。以我国信息通信(ICT)产业的发明专利无效数据为基础,运用社会网络分析方法构建专利无效关系网络,通过网络中心性因子分析和聚类分析将无效诉讼关联主体聚成四类,分析比较各类主体的诉讼地位及特点,挖掘产业竞争的特点并进一步提出具有针对性的无效诉讼策略。研究发现我国ICT产业的竞争格局分化较为严重,表现出"偶然"及"离散"性特点。最后针对每一种类型企业提出其竞争策略构建意见。 相似文献
3.
基于2007—2018年我国信息通信技术(ICT)产业上市公司专利合作数据,运用社会网络分析方法对我国ICT产业合作创新网络的整体特征、演化路径及合作模式进行系统分析,以期为我国ICT产业应对数字经济新阶段的挑战提供启示。研究表明:合作创新已成为我国ICT企业获取竞争优势的重要手段,但ICT产业合作创新网络整体仍较为稀疏;我国ICT产业合作创新网络演化经历了3个阶段,随着时间推移,参与合作主体的关系数量持续扩大、核心企业地位越加突出,且网络具有明显的区域集中特征,创新主体主要分布在东部沿海地区;从组织视角看,我国ICT产业合作创新模式选择与企业发展阶段、技术实力及其所在业务领域的特点密切相关。 相似文献
4.
陈平 《科学学与科学技术管理》2006,27(6):105-110
以色列信息产业近年来取得了举世瞩目的发展,成为后起国家发展高技术产业的成功范例.从产业集群的崭新视角出发,由以色列发展信息产业的比较优势入手,深入分析了其信息产业集群的发展历程、内部积累因素和外部催化因素,对我国发展信息产业提出了建议. 相似文献
5.
Information and communication technology is regarded as a critical means of addressing rural problems of information deficiency, ineffective communication and emotional disconnection. Most studies on information and communication technology for development (ICT4D) can be categorized as a top-down development approach and are often theoretical research or case studies conducted using qualitative methods. In this study, we discuss a new phenomenon of citizen-led information practices in rural areas driven by the rural community and its citizens. By employing a mixed-method approach combining case studies and social network analysis (SNA), we explore how ICT4D can be achieved through citizen-led information practices. This study makes theoretical contributions to the study of ICT4D and information practices as well as the mixed-method approach, which deepen our understanding of the citizen-led information practices of ICT4D. This study also provides practical suggestions to the governments, enterprises, social organizations and rural communities in ICT4D practices and ICT function design. 相似文献
6.
As individuals age, mental and physical impairment can emerge and impact their well-being. Previous research on social participation in older adults has typically focused on specific activities or failed to distinguish between different forms of participation. In contrast, we propose that social participation is a resource optimization process for older adults, where various forms of participation must be optimized in order to improve well-being outcomes. Drawing on Selective Optimization with Compensation theory, we develop hypotheses on how older adults with cognitive decline select and optimize their social participation profile and how multiple modes of participation synergistically affect their perceived loneliness. Using data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), we test a polynomial model and find that online social participation has a U-shaped effect on loneliness, while personal-oriented offline social participation mitigates this effect. We also find that the impact of social participation modes varies considerably between younger and older groups. Our findings suggest implications for the design of integrative aging support programs and the use of ICT to promote mental well-being in different stages of advanced age. 相似文献
7.
Charles Steinfield Robert LaRose Han Ei Chew Stephanie Tom Tong 《The Information Society》2013,29(2):110-120
This study examines the relationships between information and communication technologies (ICT) usage, the benefits a company derives from membership in a rural business cluster, and the success of rural companies. Analysis of 333 rural businesses located in northern lower Michigan showed a strong relationship between (a) ICT adoption and benefits derived from the membership in business clusters, (b) ICT adoption and self-reported business success, and (c) benefits derived from business clusters and business success. Although analysis indicates that these relationships may be industry specific, results suggest that ICT adoption by rural enterprises may have advantages for the region's social capital and business success and may help reduce the digital divide experienced in rural communities. 相似文献
8.
Prior research on implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has predominantly been viewed from an intra- organizational perspective. This paper aims to extend this view by taking an inter-organizational perspective. By combining insights gained from two theoretical perspectives: transaction cost economics and relational exchange theory, we seek to understand enablers of inter-organizational ICT. Also, we investigate the effect of the socio-economic climate by comparing the country contexts of China and the Netherlands. We use survey data from 112 Dutch and 320 Chinese firms to test our hypotheses regarding potential differences between these countries. The paper helps in understanding the idea that enablers of Inter-organizational ICT implementation could depend on country context. In the Dutch context, the transaction cost based perspective provides a valuable explanation for the use of Inter-organizational ICT, while in the Chinese context, both transaction cost economics, and relational exchange theory based perspectives help understand enablers for Inter-organizational ICT. Managers of global companies can use insights from this study to help guide their implementation of ICT strategy. Particularly, it may be noted that, despite a desire for uniformity and standardization, there might be different ways of implementing ICT that are attributed to country contexts. 相似文献
9.
Thorsten Busch 《Ethics and Information Technology》2011,13(4):339-353
This conceptual article discusses strategies of corporations in the information and communication technologies (ICT) sector and their role in the conflict over access to knowledge in the digital environment. Its main hypothesis is that ICT corporations are very capable actors when it comes to bridging digital divides in both developed and developing countries??maybe even the most capable actors. Therefore, it is argued that ICT corporations could use their capabilities to help citizens gain sustainable access to knowledge in order to enable them to lead self-sufficient lives. In a nutshell, capabilities are presented as both the input (capabilities of ICT corporations) as well as the output (capability building for empowering citizens) of corporate strategy-making focusing on fair ICT. Corporate citizenship is put forth as the theoretical concept bridging corporate strategies and access to knowledge: If ICT corporations act in accordance with their self-understanding of being ??good corporate citizens??, they could be crucial partners in lessening digital divides and helping citizens gain access to knowledge. From the perspective of ??integrative economic ethics?? (Ulrich 2008), it is argued that ICT corporations have good reason to actively empower citizens in both developed and developing countries by pursuing ??inclusive?? strategies in many fields, such as open-source software development. That way, ICT corporations could enable, support and provide citizens with capabilities enabling them to help themselves. In order to make inclusive business models work, the rules and regulations companies find themselves in today must enable them to act responsibly without getting penalized by more ruthless competitors. This article explores several cases from the ICT field to illustrate the interplay between a responsible business model and the rules and regulations of the industry. From a capabilities perspective, the most desirable mix of corporate strategies and industry regulation is one that results in the highest level of generativity (Zittrain 2008). Thus, ICT should not be closed systems only driven by the company behind them. Instead, they need to be open for the highest possible level of third-party innovation. 相似文献
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11.
Previous research on academic entrepreneurship and engagement with industry has found that the behaviour of academics is influenced by their local social context. However, we know little about the mechanisms that produce this effect. We argue that academic scientists’ industry engagement is influenced significantly by the behaviour of their peers, that is, the behaviour of colleagues of similar seniority. Using insights from social psychology, we hypothesize that these peer effects are produced by the mechanism of social comparison. In an analysis of data from multiple sources for 1370 UK academic scientists and engineers, we find that peer effects are stronger for early career individuals and weaker for star scientists, suggesting the incidence of social comparison. We argue that individuals look to their immediate peers for inspiration, because they view them as an important reference group and use them as a benchmark for their own ambitions and behaviours. Our findings have important implications for how universities may encourage scientists’ behaviours by paying attention to local work contexts. 相似文献
12.
[研究目的]相较于实体企业,NPE企业的专利诉讼行为将对被诉企业造成更大的威胁。近几年,在以标准为基础的信息通信行业中,鉴于标准必要专利的高价值性,NPE的标准必要专利诉讼尤为突出。通过研究这种诉讼行为,有利于企业从源头上进行提前预警和防范,有效规避诉讼风险。[研究方法]通过近三年在信息通信行业中NPE利用标准必要专利所发起的40个诉讼案例为研究样本,建立TOE分析框架,通过模糊集定性比较分析方法(fsQCA),探析在信息通信行业NPE频发标准必要专利诉讼的影响因素,利用不同因素的条件组合探讨企业面临NPE的诉讼风险。[研究结论]NPE商业模式、NPE企业规模、被诉企业规模、诉讼国家法律对NPE的友好度、专利有效性和专利必要性均为信息通信行业中NPE提出标准必要专利诉讼的充分条件。规模越小的投机型NPE企业,最有可能针对大规模信息通信技术企业发起诉讼。其次,当信息通信行业企业规模越大时,NPE企业的专利有效且为必要时,法院所在国家的法律对NPE企业较友好时,也容易引发标准必要专利诉讼。当被诉企业规模大,NPE企业规模小且NPE拥有的专利被无效的可能性大时,即使法律对其诉讼有优势,一般也不会发起诉讼,此时诉讼风险最小。针对上述研究结论,提出了有针对性的防范建议。 相似文献
13.
产业创新不仅要注重各子系统的创新能力提升,更要注重创新复合系统的整体协同效应。信息通信产业是推动国家经济转型,产业升级的基础性产业,以信息通信产业为例研究产业创新复合系统的协同发展,有助于提升信息通信产业创新能力并且促进其他产业的创新发展。论文以复杂系统理论为基础,构建了信息通信产业创新复合系统理论模型;基于信息通信产业2003-2013年的面板数据,运用复合系统协同度模型对信息通信产业创新复合系统进行实证分析。研究表明信息通信产业创新复合系统总体协同度不高,并且在2009-2010年出现震荡,主要原因是制度创新子系统的不协调以及创新环境子系统有序度长期处于较低水平,针对出现的问题提出相应的策略建议,最后说明了研究的不足之处及进一步研究方向。 相似文献
14.
基于协整分析的我国ICT产业国际竞争力影响因素实证研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国信息通信技术(ICT)产业在经济转型过程中发挥着重要的作用,在国际上的竞争力也在不断增强。在我国ICT产业国际竞争力现状分析的基础上,利用协整检验分析ICT产业国际竞争力影响因素的作用强度及性质,探讨影响竞争力表现的深层次原因。实证结果显示,技术创新因素对ICT产业国际竞争力的正向影响作用最大,企业数量、外商直接投资对ICT产业国际竞争力起到不同程度的负向作用。 相似文献
15.
Grazia D. Santangelo 《Research Policy》2000,29(9)
In the era of “alliance capitalism”, the increasing number of strategic technological partnerships (STPs) has been mainly recorded in the science-based fields, of which information and communications technology (ICT) is a leading sector. The establishment of STPs has also characterised the European ICT industry. The growing technological interrelatedness and the need to acquire capabilities in related fields have been identified in the literature as major explanations for the increase in corporate technological co-operation. This paper investigates the role of corporate technological specialisation factors in the conclusion of STPs in the European ICT industry by carrying out a dynamic analysis. Accordingly, the patterns followed by corporate technological partnerships in the industry in question are investigated since the late 1970s. Based on US patent data granted to the world's largest firms as well as STPs data, the results of the econometric analysis are consistent with the view that the more similar partners' technological portfolios are with one another, the easier it is to absorb each other's capabilities. 相似文献
16.
Government, major information and communications technology (ICT) companies, and educational institutions in the United Kingdom currently claim that ICT skills training offers inclusion into the new economy. We focus on a private-public training initiative and its impact on the socially excluded, specifically lone women parents. Narrative data from four United Kingdom educational sites participating in this computer network engineer training program highlight a systemic paradox: that ICT skills development initiatives designed to support lone women parents are simultaneously working in opposition to broader policy goals such as work-life balance and ironically serve to reproduce the participants' classification as socially excluded. The assumptions underpinning the model of social inclusion driving the ICT skills training course are analyzed critically using the concepts of community of practice, classificatory systems, and marginalization. Our findings suggest that ICT training courses and initiatives should be accompanied by changes in pedagogic practice that accommodate the more wide-ranging needs of those targeted for inclusion, as well as changes in employment settings. We conclude by exploring the implications of this for government policy formation, business vendor qualifications, the design of ICT skills training initiatives, and our understanding of the role of ICT skills in overcoming the digital divide. 相似文献
17.
基于2007~2018年我国ICT产业上市公司专利合作数据,运用社会网络分析方法对产业合作创新网络的整体特征、演化路径及合作模式进行了系统分析。结果表明：合作创新已成为企业获取竞争优势的重要手段,但合作网络整体仍较为稀疏；网络的演化经历了三个阶段,随着时间推移合作关系数量持续扩大,核心企业地位越加突出；网络具有明显的区域集中特征,创新的主体主要分布在东部沿海省市；从组织视角看,合作模式选择和其发展阶段、技术实力以及所在业务领域特点密切相关。这些发现对改善产业创新合作,应对数字经济新阶段的挑战提供了有益的启示。 相似文献
18.
Through this article we theorize on the nature and effects of articulation work relative to the take-up and use of information and communications technologies (ICT). Articulation work is “work that enables other work”: that which links people, processes, and technologies within organizations. Articulation work in organizations is both common and too often invisible from a managerial or budgetary perspective. Drawing on data from a study of the introduction and implementation of mobile computing technologies into criminal justice organizations, we highlight two findings: (1) There exist ongoing but unmet articulation needs present in any organization or work system. (2) Articulation is cumulative. We find, that as work becomes more complex (such as adding new work tasks and using new technologies), there is more articulation needed. These findings raise issues with assessing the costs of articulation on individuals, and making arrangements to accommodate explicit and implicit articulation in organizational work, particularly around the take-up and ongoing use of ICT-based systems. 相似文献
19.
Information and Communication Technology Challenges to Scientific Professional Identity 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Increasingly, information and communication technology (ICT) uses are transforming professional activities and interactions in ways that challenge traditional assumptions about professional identity. In this article, we consider the ways in which the professional identities of research scientists in oceanography and marine biology are shaped by the use of ICTs. We draw empirical data from an ongoing study of scientific research collaborations that examines uses of basic communication technologies, as well as scientific technologies with embedded ICT components. Our analysis suggests that development and use of ICT-enabled scientific technologies are identity enhancing for many scientists, facilitating their development of unique areas of scientific knowledge. ICT-related changes in data collection, collaborative coordination, and scientific interaction also challenge traditional definitions of expertise and professional identity. An examination of these challenges directs attention to the project identities that form around ICT-enabled scientific technologies and the ways that those project identities are enacted through ICTs. 相似文献
20.
Through this article we theorize on the nature and effects of articulation work relative to the take-up and use of information and communications technologies (ICT). Articulation work is “work that enables other work”: that which links people, processes, and technologies within organizations. Articulation work in organizations is both common and too often invisible from a managerial or budgetary perspective. Drawing on data from a study of the introduction and implementation of mobile computing technologies into criminal justice organizations, we highlight two findings: (1) There exist ongoing but unmet articulation needs present in any organization or work system. (2) Articulation is cumulative. We find, that as work becomes more complex (such as adding new work tasks and using new technologies), there is more articulation needed. These findings raise issues with assessing the costs of articulation on individuals, and making arrangements to accommodate explicit and implicit articulation in organizational work, particularly around the take-up and ongoing use of ICT-based systems. 相似文献