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1.
The paper provides new estimates of the perceived rates of return to higher education in Cyprus and compares them to previous estimates for the year 1994 in the same country. Both the elaborate and the short-cut methods are used in the estimation of rates of return. The estimated rates are entered as independent variables in logistic regression analysis in order to study the effect of economic considerations on the decision of secondary school students to pursue higher education. The findings show an increase in the perceived rate of return for both higher education and labour market entrants. In agreement with human capital theory, the mean rate of return to higher education expected by higher education candidates is considerably higher than that expected by labour market entrants. In two logistic regression models, the perceived rate of return to higher education, as estimated by both the elaborate and the short-cut methods, has a significant effect on the students’ intention to pursue higher studies. 相似文献
2.
Tine Stanovnik 《Economics of Education Review》1997,16(4):443-449
This article provides estimates of the returns to education in Slovenia. A Mincerian earnings function was estimated on three data sets, i.e. the 1978, 1983 and 1993 Household Expenditure Survey, with the subsample consisting of households where adults were employees (in the public or private sector). The estimated rates of return for all educational levels and for both men and women were rather low in 1978 and 1983. This can be explained with a tightly regulated labour market, with direct state interference-and thus small wage differentials. In 1993, the estimated rates of return increased considerably, though they are still somewhat lower than in most developed market economies. This increase was-without doubt-caused by a more deregulated labour market and a strong push towards market liberalization. 相似文献
3.
Maria Eliophotou Menon Elias Markadjis Nikolaos Theodoropoulos Michalis Socratous 《Journal of Further & Higher Education》2017,41(6):831-843
Research points to several determinants of the private demand for higher education, which include individual, social, economic, and institutional variables. Of these variables, economic factors are considered to be highly relevant, especially in the current financial crisis. The paper investigates the link between expected rates of return to higher education and the intention of secondary education graduates to pursue university studies. The effect of additional variables influencing the choice of higher education (ability, gender, socioeconomic status [SES], type of secondary school, area of residence) is also examined. The findings show a significant link between the perceived rates of return and the intention of secondary school graduates to enter tertiary education. With the exception of residence, all independent variables are strong determinants of the intention to enter higher education. The paper also points to the considerable effect of the financial crisis on students’ expectations in that respondents reported lower perceived rates of return compared to previous estimates in the same country. The implications of the findings for higher education policy are discussed. 相似文献
4.
Costas Soumelis 《Higher Education》1981,10(3):353-361
This article reviews some studies of individual demand for higher education undertaken during the 1970s. It argues that although lifetime earnings are positively related to educational qualifications, rates of return to education do not seem to matter much for either public or private educational decisions. Public educational decisions seem to be affected more by such factors as the inertia of the system, expected externalities of socio-political importance, which are not measurable and, therefore, are excluded from the rate of return calculations and some educational objectives, such as meeting social demand and for ensuring equal opportunities to all individuals, which public authorities adopt at any time period. On the other hand, pupils' educational plans for post-secondary education were found to be greatly influenced by their scholastic achievement, sex and socio-economic status. It was also found that the economic factor which clearly enters into their decisions function, is initial salary differentials. However, a high proportion of pupils do not possess this information. It is also argued that individual demand for post-secondary education could be estimated with a high degree of approximation on the basis of pupils' scholastic achievement at secondary school, sex and socio-economic status. The pupil's ability to finance his further studies, particularly the poor student and in the absence of grant or loan systems is of great importance. 相似文献
5.
Differences by degree: Evidence of the net financial rates of return to undergraduate study for England and Wales 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper provides estimates of the impact of higher education qualifications on the earnings of graduates in the U.K. by subject studied. We use data from the recent U.K. Labour Force Surveys which provide a sufficiently large sample to consider the effects of the subject studied, class of first degree, and postgraduate qualifications. Ordinary Least Squares estimates show high average returns for women that does not differ by subject. For men, we find very large returns for Law, Economics and Management but not for other subjects. Degree class has large effects in all subjects suggesting the possibility of large returns to effort. Postgraduate study has large effects, independently of first degree class.A large rise in tuition fees across all subjects has only a modest impact on relative rates of return suggesting that little substitution across subjects would occur. The strong message that comes out of this research is that even a large rise in tuition fees makes little difference to the quality of the investment – those subjects that offer high returns (LEM for men, and all subjects for women) continue to do so. And those subjects that do not (especially OSSAH for men) will continue to offer poor returns. The effect of fee rises is dwarfed by existing cross subject differences in returns. 相似文献
6.
The paper investigates the economic benefits and costs of higher education as these are perceived by higher education candidates and labour market entrants in Cyprus. It provides further evidence on the topic after a similar study which preceded the present project by 10 years. Perceived rates of return to education are presented for two points in time, namely, 1993 and 2003. The findings point to an increasing awareness of the link between education and earnings on the part of young people, which can be linked to the country's economic development. The main influences on the respondents’ expected lifetime earnings are examined through multiple regression analysis. Gender and ability are found to be significantly related to expected earnings. 相似文献
7.
Public spending on higher education in developing countries: Too much or too little? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nancy Birdsall 《Economics of Education Review》1996,15(4):407-419
This paper discusses problems with the prevalent view that public resources for education in developing countries should be reallocated from higher to lower levels of education. There may be a case for maintaining and even increasing spending on higher education, as long as public funds can be directed to research and other “public good” functions of institutions of higher education. Current measures of social returns to primary, secondary and higher education do not reflect unmeasured social benefits at each level; since we do not know the relative size of these benefits across levels, we do not know the true ranking of social returns across primary, secondary and higher education. The true social rate of return to certain components of higher education, such as research and postgraduate training in science and technology, and creation of other skills where social returns probably exceed private returns (such as public administration) is probably high, and in some settings, may now be as high or higher than the social rate of return to primary and secondary education. Moreover, achieving and sustaining adequate levels of quality to capture these social returns requires minimal stability in public financing, arguing against major reallocations away from higher education. But this does not argue for more public spending on all higher education programs. On the contrary; within the envelope of total public spending on higher education, reallocation away from public spending on undergraduate training makes sense, since such training probably has low social compared to private returns, and can be accomplished by greater reliance on private universities and by increasing tuition and other fees in public universities, while ensuring equitable access through loan and scholarship programs. 相似文献
8.
Seonyoung Park 《Economics of Education Review》2011,30(6):1215-1228
On the basis of those respondents in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) who change jobs with an intervening period of education reinvestment, the conventional assumption of linearity of log wages in years of schooling is strongly rejected: a typical reinvestment for the 1980 through 1993 period is associated with a rise of about 3.5 percentage points in the estimated return to an additional year of schooling. The estimated marginal rate of return generally rises in the former education level, and reaches the maximum at 15 years of the former level (therefore 16 years of education after reinvestment), where an additional year of investment is associated with a rise in real hourly rate of pay by approximately 20%. Evidence also shows that, while the level of individuals’ risk tolerance affects significantly the probability of returning to school, correcting for sample selectivity makes little difference in the results. Findings in the current paper survive a variety of robustness tests. The current cohort-based evidence is more helpful than existing evidence from cross-sectional data to individuals making schooling decisions. 相似文献
9.
Maria Menon 《Compare》1998,28(3):293-304
The present paper attempts to assess the link between economic factors and the private demand for higher education through an investigation of the findings of relevant studies. After an examination of the various methodologies adopted by different authors in the estimation of the perceived rate of return to higher education, the main findings of available studies conducted in several countries (UK, the Philippines, Egypt, Hong Kong, and Cyprus) are discussed and compared. The main conclusions drawn from this comparison are the following: First, the perceived rates of return to higher education are, for the most part, very realistic, indicating an accurate perception of the economic benefits of higher education on the part of students. Second, non‐economic factors, such as gender, ability and socio‐economic background, appear to constitute strong influences on the private demand for higher education, which educational policy makers should take into account, along with the economic variables. Finally, it is suggested that the methodology discussed in the present paper can be used in the future to estimate the perceived profitability of higher studies at different institutions and countries offering higher education. 相似文献
10.
本文采用北京师范大学收入分配研究院提供的两轮收入调查数据,采用微观计量实证研究方法,基于教育选择的反事实选择框架,揭示了高校扩招政策与城镇劳动力大学教育溢价间的因果关系。结果发现:通过基准回归估算出整体教育回报率由2007年的7.1%上升到2013年的9.1%,分教育层级回归揭示了大学教育收益率在扩招政策前后均高于高中教育阶段,但在利用工具变量法纠正了内生性偏估后,城镇劳动力的整体教育回报率由14.1%下降到了9.1%,而纠正了自选择偏差后,整体教育回报率则由2007年的5%上升到了2013年的10.7%;利用倾向得分匹配法实现数据平衡后,通过平均处理效应估算出大学教育的年收益率由2007年的9.5%~9.75%上升到了2013年的11.425%~11.925%,验证了扩招政策并未降低城镇劳动力的大学教育溢价。基于此,本文提出,通过人力资本梯度升级至研究生教育层级,逐渐收敛由市场因素与人力资本因素引致的城镇收入不平等。 相似文献
11.
Shahar Sansani 《Economics of Education Review》2011,30(6):1320-1333
In this paper I estimate the relationship between school quality and mortality. Although many studies have linked the quantity of education to health outcomes, the effect of school quality on health has yet to be examined. I construct synthetic birth cohorts and relate the quality of education they attained to their mortality rates. I find that there is a statistically significant relationship between the mortality–schooling gradients, which depict the return to a year of schooling, and the length of school term and relative teacher wage. For instance, increasing the relative teacher wage by one standard deviation results in about 1.9 less deaths per 1000 people per extra year of education. My results suggest that one way to improve the health of the population is to improve school quality. 相似文献
12.
本文首先回顾了几位学者对远程高等教育明瑟教育收益率研究的成果,接着阐述了本文回归模型的选择和数据来源,然后运用回归模型对363份问卷调查所获得的实际数据进行了回归分析,最后提出了本文的基本结论。本文的基本结论是：远程高等教育的收益率低于普通高等教育的收益率,但是远程高等教育的收益率仍然是正的;鉴于远程高等教育的收益率低的现实,各提供远程教育的学校应该努力提高教学质量,加强对学生各方面能力的培养。 相似文献
13.
Perceived earnings functions and ex ante rates of return to post compulsory education in England 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
This article offers a direct empirical test of one of the main tenets of the human capital model. It shows that by the end of their compulsory education English pupils in general are aware of the relationship between educational qualifications and average earnings. For the first time in Britain direct calculations are made of ex ante perceived rates of return to upper secondary and higher education. The perceived rates correspond closely to the actual rates estimated by earlier studies. The article also provides useful evidence of differences between social classes and ability groups. In particular it shows that the human capital model offers a much less satisfactory explanation of the behaviour of low ability and working class pupils than it does of high ability and middle class pupils.A sample of just under 3,000 16-years-old students in England were tested on their reasoning ability and asked about their family backgrounds, self concepts, educational intentions and anticipated earning capacity at various stages of their working lives.The research project on which the results in this article are based is funded by the Social Science Research Council. 相似文献
14.
By considering heterogeneity in abilities and self-selection in educational choice, this paper adopts the heterogeneous human capital model to estimate rate of return to university education using data from the 1990 and 2000 Taiwan's Manpower Utilization Surveys. The Taiwan empirical study shows that significant heterogeneous return to education does exist, and that the educational choice was made according to the principle of comparative advantage. The estimated rates of return for attaining university were 19% and 15%, much higher than the average rate of return of 11.55 and 6.6%, for 1990 and 2000, respectively. The declining trend of return to university education may have been caused by the rapid expansion of the number of colleges and universities and the increasing supply of college graduates in the 1990s. 相似文献
15.
Anders Stenberg 《Economics of Education Review》2011,30(6):1262-1280
Modern societies would potentially reap large benefits from upgrading low skilled's education. However, this is difficult to put into practice because employers are reluctant to train low skilled and because low skilled are unwilling to participate. To circumvent this potential market imperfection, a large supply of formal education in Sweden is complemented with the eligibility of enrollees for financial support. This study uses detailed data on Swedish siblings aged 24–43 in 1994 to evaluate the impact on annual earnings. The estimated average return was 4.4% in 2004. Calculations indicate that this is barely sufficient to cover society's total costs. 相似文献
16.
17.
农村籍学生接受高等教育的个人成本与收益分析——基于山西省怀仁县海北头乡的调查研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对山西省怀仁县海北头乡的田野调查,匡算出该乡自高等教育大众化发展战略推进以来进入大学本科的求学者接受高等教育的成本与收益状况,进一步推算出被调查者高等教育投资的内部收益率和投资回收期。研究数据表明,尽管随着高等教育大众化的推进和高等教育个人成本的提升,农村籍学生的高等教育投资收益率在逐渐下降,并且投资回收期从10年延长到了14年,但高等教育投资收益率仍保持在较高水平上,高等教育投资收益仍十分明显;本科学历劳动者相对于高中学历劳动者,无论是年收入还是终身收入,其增量都非常显著。接受高等教育除经济收益外,还有多方面的非经济收益,大多数农村籍大学生的自我评价也显示出接受高等教育是有益的。 相似文献
18.
19.
刘泽云 《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2009,(5)
本文在国家统计局2005年全国1%人口抽样调查数据的基础上生成326个地级行政区的数据,以此分析教育对我国城镇职工月工资不平等和小时工资不平等的影响。研究发现教育对工资不平等存在显著的结构效应,体现为职工平均受教育水平越高和职工受教育水平分布越平等的地区工资差距越小。同时,教育对工资不平等的价格效应也是非常显著的,一方面,劳动力市场上的平均教育收益率越高则工资不平等程度越高;另一方面,不同人群之间教育教育收益率的差异也会影响工资不平等。 相似文献
20.
This study estimates the value of the private and public benefits that accrue to Minnesota residents from state government subsidies to higher education. In 2005, the University of Minnesota and the Minnesota State Colleges and Universities system received $832 million from Minnesota's state government to support educational programs. These subsidies allow these institutions to offer lower tuition rates, increasing the number of Minnesotans with bachelor and graduate degrees. We calculate that removing these subsidies would eventually lead to 14,000 fewer graduate degree holders in Minnesota, and reduce those with bachelor's degrees or “some college” by 42,000. The annual economic cost of these subsidies is about $326 million; this is less than annual state appropriations because most of those appropriations are income transfers from taxpayers to students, not an economic cost. We estimate that the annual value of the benefits of these subsidies is between $531 and $786 million ($381 and $570 million) when a 3% (5%) discount rate is used. We also discuss some of the income distribution consequences. 相似文献