共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 20 毫秒
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André Seabra Peter Katzmarzyk Maria José Carvalho Ana Seabra Manuel Coelho-E-Silva Sandra Abreu 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(19):1822-1829
Physical activity is important in obesity prevention, but the effectiveness of different physical activity modalities remains to be determined among children. The main purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a 6-month soccer programme and a traditional physical activity programme on changes in body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors, inflammatory and oxidative markers, cardiorespiratory fitness and perceived psychological status in obese boys. Eighty-eight boys (8–12 years; BMI > +2 standard deviations of WHO reference values) participated in one of three groups: soccer, traditional activity and control. Soccer and traditional activity programmes involved 3 sessions per week for 60–90 min at an average intensity of 70–80% of maximal heart rate. Control group participated in activities of normal daily living. All boys participated in school physical education, two sessions per week of 45–90-min. Measurements were taken at baseline and after 6 months, and included body size and composition, cardiometabolic risk factors, inflammatory and oxidative markers, cardiorespiratory fitness and perceived psychological status. Physical activity and dietary intake were assessed before and immediately following the intervention. The three groups had similar characteristics at baseline. After 6 months, both intervention groups had significantly lower relative fatness (% fat), waist circumference and total cholesterol, and higher cardiorespiratory fitness, self-esteem, perceived physical competence and attraction to physical activity compared with control group. In conclusion, physical activity interventions over 6 months positively influenced several indicators of health status among obese boys. The results also suggested that soccer has the potential as an effective tool for the prevention and reduction of childhood obesity and associated consequences. 相似文献
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《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2013,6(1):202-234
ABSTRACTBackground: Exercise helps many aspects of cognition, but at this time no review has summarized the literature on the association of exercise and physical fitness with attention. Method: A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Scopus databases. After inclusion criteria assessment, a final pool of 44 articles was included. A number of behavioral and neurophysiological indices of attention were examined. Results: The majority of studies showed an increase in performance of attention. Acute exercise results in greater enhancement of attention in those who are active. There was an association of aerobic fitness and attention in the young and old, but not in young adults. Aerobic exercise training interventions generally resulted in positive changes, while some resistance training studies detected no evidence of an effect. Not all forms of exercise were effective. Shorter interventions were inferior with respect to longer ones. Most studies were rated with a moderate methodological quality. Conclusion: There is an association of aerobic exercise (acute and chronic) and aerobic fitness with attention. Future research should determine the dose and mechanisms by which different forms of physical activity and exercise may influence the development of different components of attention along the lifespan. 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2014,3(3):179-188
The number of older adults (individuals ≥65 years), particularly women, in our society is increasing and understanding the impact of exercise on muscle capacity (e.g., strength and power) and subsequently physical function is of utmost importance to prevent disability and maintain independence. Muscle capacity declines with age and this change negatively impacts physical function in older women. Exercise, specifically resistance training, is recommended to counteract these declines; however, the synergistic relationships between exercise, muscle capacity, and physical function are poorly understood. This review will summarize the literature regarding age-related changes in the aforementioned variables and review the research on the impact of resistance training interventions on muscle capacity and physical function in older women. Recommendations for future research in this area will be discussed. 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(7):737-742
AbstractWith an ageing population there is an increased prevalence of individuals living with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Characteristics of older aerobically fit individuals with previously diagnosed CVD have not been studied. Therefore, our knowledge is limited as to how, or if, aerobically fit individuals with CVD attempt to adapt their physical activity and the intensity of their training programmes. The objective of this paper is to characterise the physical activity habits and behaviours of older aerobically fit individuals with CVD. We identified 28 aerobically fit patients with CVD from those who completed a minimum of 15 and 12 min of the Bruce treadmill protocol for men and women, respectively. Consenting participants responded to questionnaires regarding physical activity levels, competitive event participation and self-monitoring since diagnosis of heart disease. Average age and treadmill time of participants were 56 and 49 years and 15.6 and 13.0 min for males and females, respectively. Data were obtained regarding recent medical history (medical diagnoses, surgeries/procedures). Despite the majority of individuals participating in the same or more activity since their diagnosis, 25% indicated that their condition limited their activity and 39% reported having symptoms during activity. Nearly all participants (93%) indicated that they monitored their heart rate during exercise. However, only 14% of participants stated that their physician advised them on how to exercise safely. It is necessary for physicians and cardiac rehabilitation programmes to be involved in safe and effective exercise programming to allow individuals to return to sport after CVD. 相似文献
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Exercise can enhance motivation to change lifestyle behaviors, improve aerobic fitness, improve physical function, control fatigue, and enhance quality of life. Studies have demonstrated the benefits to be gained from physical exercise, highlighting the importance of popularizing the concept of physical exercise for individuals and making professional exercise-treatment programs available to patients with cancer. However, the correlation between physical exercise and carcinogenesis is easily overlooked, and exercise interventions are not routinely provided to patients with cancer, especially those with advanced cancer. In this article, we present a literature review of the effects of exercise on cancer development and progression and give recent evidence for the type of exercise best suited for different types of cancer and in different disease stages. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms about regulating metabolism and systemic immune function in cancer are summarized and discussed. In conclusion, physical exercise should be considered as an important intervention for preventing and treating cancer and its complications. 相似文献
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The physiology of deep-water running 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Deep-water running is performed in the deep end of a swimming pool, normally with the aid of a flotation vest. The method is used for purposes of preventing injury and promoting recovery from strenuous exercise and as a form of supplementary training for cardiovascular fitness. Both stroke volume and cardiac output increase during water immersion: an increase in blood volume largely offsets the cardiac decelerating reflex at rest. At submaximal exercise intensities, blood lactate responses to exercise during deep-water running are elevated in comparison to treadmill running at a given oxygen uptake (VO2). While VO2, minute ventilation and heart rate are decreased under maximal exercise conditions in the water, deep-water running nevertheless can be justified as providing an adequate stimulus for cardiovascular training. Responses to training programmes have confirmed the efficacy of deep-water running, although positive responses are most evident when measured in a water-based test. Aerobic performance is maintained with deep-water running for up to 6 weeks in trained endurance athletes; sedentary individuals benefit more than athletes in improving maximal oxygen uptake. There is some limited evidence of improvement in anaerobic measures and in upper body strength in individuals engaging in deep-water running. A reduction in spinal loading constitutes a role for deep-water running in the prevention of injury, while an alleviation of muscle soreness confirms its value in recovery training. Further research into the applications of deep-water running to exercise therapy and athletes' training is recommended. 相似文献
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运动处方是科学健身的依据。按人的健康、体力以及心血管功能状况,结合生活环境条件和运动爱好等个体特点,用处方的形式规定适当的运动种类锻炼内容或方式、运动强度、时间及频率,并指出运动中的注意事项,以便有计划地经常性锻炼,达到强身健体以及技能掌握的目的。本文运用文献资料、对比试验、数理统计等方法,通过对中学体育乒乓球选修课运动处方式教学与传统的教学模式进行对比、分析探讨。实验数据表明:运动处方式教学在技能掌握以及有效提高学生身体素质方面都优于传统教学。 相似文献
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Gian Pietro Emerenziani Marco Meucci Maria Chiara Gallotta Cosme Franklim Buzzachera Laura Guidetti 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):1033-1041
AbstractThe aim of the study was to compare the effect of an unsupervised whole body vibration (WBV) training and two different supervised multi-purpose exercise programmes, with and without WBV, on body composition, functional fitness and self-reported well-being in middle-aged adults. Fifty-four healthy participants (age 48.6 ± 6.7 years) were randomly assigned to a vibration group (VG), a multi-purpose exercise group (MG) and a multi-purpose exercise with vibration group (VMG) and trained 3 days a week for 4 months. VG performed a standardised unsupervised WBV protocol, MG a supervised multi-purpose exercise and VMG a multi-purpose exercise including vibration. After training, drop out was significantly higher in VG group (P = 0.016) when compared to VMG group. In both MG and VMG, body composition, sit-up, push-up, sit and reach, agility test, hopping test and self-reported general health significantly improved (P < 0.05). No additive effects were generated by the vibration stimulus. Percentage of body fat and agility test in VG had a significant opposite trend compared to VMG group (P < 0.05). In summary, an unsupervised WBV training should not be chosen for training protocol. However, positive effects on physical fitness and the best results in adherence could be achieved integrating WBV practice into a multi-purpose exercise training. 相似文献
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Pelagia Koufaki Sharlene Greenwood Patricia Painter Thomas Mercer 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(18):1902-1907
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming a serious health problem throughout the world and is one of the most potent known risk factors for cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in this patient population. Physical inactivity has emerged as a significant and independent risk factor for accelerated deterioration of kidney function, physical function, cardiovascular function and quality of life in people in all stages of CKD. CKD specific research evidence, combined with the strong evidence on the multiple health benefits of regular and adequate amounts of PA in other cardiometabolic conditions, has resulted in physical inactivity being identified by national and international CKD clinical practice guidelines as one of the multiple risk factors that require simultaneous and early intervention for optimum prevention/management of CKD. Despite this realisation, physical inactivity is not systematically addressed by renal care teams. The purpose of this expert statement is therefore to inform exercise and renal care specialists about the clinical value of exercise therapy in CKD, as well as to provide some practical recommendations on how to more effectively translate the existing evidence into effective clinical practice. 相似文献
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In this review, we examine the original obesity paradox phenomenon (i.e. in cardiovascular disease populations, obese patients survive better), as well as three other related paradoxes (pre-obesity, "fat but fit" theory, and "healthy" obesity). An obesity paradox has been reported in a range of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular conditions. Pre-obesity (defined as a body mass index of 25.0-29.9 kg · m?2) presents another paradox. Whereas "overweight" implies increased risk, it is in fact associated with decreased mortality risk compared with normal weight. Another paradox concerns the observation than when fitness is taken into account, the mortality risk associated with obesity is offset. The final paradox under consideration is the presence of a sizeable subset of obese individuals who are otherwise healthy. Consequently, a large segment of the overweight and obese population is not at increased risk for premature death. It appears therefore that low cardiorespiratory fitness and inactivity are a greater health threat than obesity, suggesting that more emphasis should be placed on increasing leisure time physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness as the main strategy for reducing mortality risk in the broad population of overweight and obese adults. 相似文献
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课余体育锻炼是培养学生体育锻炼意识,发展身体素质,丰富学生课余文化生活的一个重要途径.运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计等方法,对少数民族大学生参加课余体育锻炼情况进行研究.研究发现：课余体育锻炼已成为少数民族大学生课余生活的主要方式之一.锻炼场所、锻炼项目、锻炼持续时间具有明显的集中趋势;强身健体、调节情绪是少数民族大学生课余体育锻炼的主要价值取向.少数民族大学生参与课余体育锻炼的频度明显不足,这主要与学习任务繁重、缺乏兴趣、缺乏喜爱运动项目等因素有关.同时,在余暇时间安排方式、锻炼项目、锻炼场所、锻炼频度,锻炼价值取向等方面存在性别差异. 相似文献
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Abstract In this review, we examine the original obesity paradox phenomenon (i.e. in cardiovascular disease populations, obese patients survive better), as well as three other related paradoxes (pre-obesity, “fat but fit” theory, and “healthy” obesity). An obesity paradox has been reported in a range of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular conditions. Pre-obesity (defined as a body mass index of 25.0–29.9 kg · m?2) presents another paradox. Whereas “overweight” implies increased risk, it is in fact associated with decreased mortality risk compared with normal weight. Another paradox concerns the observation than when fitness is taken into account, the mortality risk associated with obesity is offset. The final paradox under consideration is the presence of a sizeable subset of obese individuals who are otherwise healthy. Consequently, a large segment of the overweight and obese population is not at increased risk for premature death. It appears therefore that low cardiorespiratory fitness and inactivity are a greater health threat than obesity, suggesting that more emphasis should be placed on increasing leisure time physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness as the main strategy for reducing mortality risk in the broad population of overweight and obese adults. 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(5):394-404
Dementia is one of the greatest global challenges for health and social care in the 21st century. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, is by no means an inevitable consequence of growing old. Several lifestyle factors may increase, or reduce, an individual's risk of developing AD. Much has been written over the ages about the benefits of exercise and physical activity. Among the risk factors associated with AD is a low level of physical activity. The relationship between physical and mental health was established several years ago. In this review, we discuss the role of exercise (aerobic and resistance) training as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment and prevention of AD. Older adults who exercise are more likely to maintain cognition. We address the main protective mechanism on brain function modulated by physical exercise by examining both human and animal studies. We will pay especial attention to the potential role of exercise in the modulation of amyloid β turnover, inflammation, synthesis and release of neurotrophins, and improvements in cerebral blood flow. Promoting changes in lifestyle in presymptomatic and predementia disease stages may have the potential for delaying one-third of dementias worldwide. Multimodal interventions that include the adoption of an active lifestyle should be recommended for older populations. 相似文献
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林君薇 《体育科技文献通报》2013,21(9):33-35
加强体育锻炼过程控制的研究,有助于人们进行科学的体育锻炼,提高体育锻炼效果。本文通过文献资料、逻辑分析等研究方法,运用控制理论中的反馈等基本原理,结合体育锻炼的基本规律和影响体育锻炼的因素,对体育锻炼过程控制进行研究。以适应在世界范围兴起的大众体育的健身热潮,为有效贯彻《全民健身计划》提供参考依据。 相似文献
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Kayvan Khoramipour Aref Basereh Amirhoseein Ahmadi Hekmatikar Lindy Castell Ruheea Taskin Ruhee 《Journal of sports sciences》2021,39(1):101-107
ABSTRACT As the world is witnessing the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019, emerging genetics and clinical pieces of evidence suggest a similar immunopathology to those of severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome. Staying at home to prevent the spread of the virus and consequently being largely inactive is associated with unintended consequences. These can actually enhance the infection risk and exacerbate poor health conditions including impaired immune function. Physical activity is a feasible way of improving health, particularly physical and mental health in a time of social isolation. However, people with certain health conditions in these circumstances may need a special physical activity programme in addition to any exercise they may already be performing via online programmes. This review aims to provide practical guidelines during the COVID-19 quarantine period. We suggest performing aerobic, resistance training, respiratory muscle training and yoga in the healthy, and in those with upper respiratory tract illness, patients with lower respiratory tract illness should be restricted to respiratory muscle training and yoga. In addition, vitamins D and C, omega-3 fatty acids, and regular consumption of fruit and vegetables might be considered as nutritional aids to support the immune system in those affected by COVID-19. 相似文献
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本文运用文献资料法、数理统计法、问卷调查等方法对部分南亩市机关公务员的日常生活方式对健康体适能的影响进行了研究,分析出相关影响因素,针对性地引导公务员积极参加体育锻炼,科学地调整饮食结构,有效的预防和控制各种慢性疾病的发生,达到提高公务员健康体适能目的。 相似文献
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刘路 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(10):119-121
采用文献资料法,回顾了近年来美国、意大利等国家对运动前心血管疾病筛查体系的相关研究。关国普遍采用美国心脏学会推荐的心血管疾病筛查12要素,意大利着重强调了12导联心电图的作用。大量研究证实,心电图确实在疾病筛查方面起到了积极作用。但它需要耗费大量的医疗资源,且费用过高的特性也被人所质疑,因此如何发挥其效用还有待进一步研究与证实。 相似文献