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1.
Leo Ng Simon M. Rosalie Dorianne Sherry Wei Bing Loh Andreas M. Sjurseth Shrikant Iyengar 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(19):2210-2216
Research has revealed that field hockey drag flickers have greater odds of hip and lumbar injuries compared to non-drag flickers (DF). This study aimed to compare the biomechanics of a field hockey hit and a specialised field hockey drag flick. Eighteen male and seven female specialised hockey DF performed a hit and a drag flick in a motion analysis laboratory with an 18-camera three-dimensional motion analysis system and a calibrated multichannel force platform to examine differences in lower limb and lumbar kinematics and kinetics. Results revealed that drag flicks were performed with more of a forward lunge on the left lower limb resulting in significantly greater left ankle dorsiflexion, knee, hip and lumbar flexion (Ps<0.001) compared to a hit. Drag flicks were also performed with significantly greater lateral flexion (P < 0.002) and rotation of the lumbar spine (P < 0.006) compared to a hit. Differences in kinematics lead to greater shear, compression and tensile forces in multiple left lower limb and lumbar joints in the drag flick compared to the hit (P < 0.05). The biomechanical differences in drag flicks compared to a hit may have ramifications with respect to injury in field hockey drag flickers. 相似文献
2.
对2007-2012年间广东省集体小球类项目(手球、曲棍球、垒球)运动损伤后等速肌力康复效果进行归纳总结。应用等速肌力测试系统为广东集体小球项目运动员提供了419人次5 872关节次等速康复训练,康复前后进行角速度为60°/s的膝、肩关节等速肌力测试,以及角速度为30°/s的踝关节等速肌力测试,结果发现:(1)膝关节损伤发生率最高,达到60.88%,踝、肩也是损伤多发部位,整体看来,下肢损伤发生率高于上肢。(2)各项目运动员经过一段时间的等速康复训练后,关节等速肌力得到显著提高。结论:(1)在集体小球项目中,运动损伤发生部位与运动专项特点密切相关,损伤发生率从高到低依次为膝、踝、肩、腰背、髋。(2)等速肌力康复作为一种康复手段,在集体小球项目运动员运动损伤过程中效果明显,提供了客观可靠的量化指标。 相似文献
3.
目的:分析田径运动员发生运动损伤的风险因素。方法:通过对136名男性田径运动员进行身体测试及运动损伤情况调查,测试内容包括:身高、体重﹑体成分﹑关节柔韧性﹑关节稳定性,在此基础上分析田径运动中发生运动损伤的危险因素。结果:腘绳肌拉伤的主要危险因素是年龄因素(OR值=1.31)和陈旧性损伤(OR值=9.81);而腹股沟部拉伤的主要危险因素有二,一是陈旧性损伤(OR值=9.62),二是髋关节外展ROM值的减小(OR值=0.96);此外,膝关节扭伤和踝关节扭伤的主要危险因素也是陈旧性损伤(OR值分别为3.28和6.57)。结论:年龄和陈旧性损伤是造成田径运动损伤的最大危险因素。 相似文献
4.
对我国优秀冰球运动员运动创伤特点的分析 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
对我国优秀冰球运动员116名进行创伤调查,结果发现男运动员的创伤发病率为88.5%,女运动员为65.5%。其创伤特点主要为急性伤或由急性伤迁延而来,慢性伤只占20%左右;创伤的多发性也很明显,占70%以上。创伤发病率最高的6种疾病依次为腰背肌肉筋膜炎、髌腱腱围炎、腕关节三角软骨盘损伤、踝关节韧带断裂和不稳、髌骨软骨病和肩袖损伤。就腰背肌肉筋膜炎发病率高的原因进行了分析,并根据本调查结果提出预防运动创伤的建议。 相似文献
5.
Ryan Chang Rene Turcotte 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(3):212-222
Adductor strain injuries are prevalent in ice hockey. It has long been speculated that adductor muscular strains may be caused by repeated eccentric contractions which decelerate the leg during a stride. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of skating speed with muscle activity and lower limb kinematics, with a particular focus on the role of the hip adductors. Seven collegiate ice hockey players consented to participate. Surface electromyography (EMG) and kinematics of the lower extremities were measured at three skating velocities 3.33 m/s (slow), 5.00 m/s (medium) and 6.66 m/s (fast). The adductor magnus muscle exhibited disproportionately larger increases in peak muscle activation and significantly prolonged activation with increased speed. Stride rate and stride length also increased significantly with skating velocity, in contrast, hip, knee and ankle total ranges of motion did not. To accommodate for the increased stride rate with higher skating speeds, the rate of hip abduction increased significantly in concert with activations of adductor magnus indicating a substantial eccentric contraction. In conclusion, these findings highlight the functional importance of the adductor muscle group and hip abduction–adduction in skating performance as well as indirectly support the notion that groin strain injury potential increases with skating speed. 相似文献
6.
成功实施短角球进攻包含很多方面的因素,生物力学是其中最重要因素之一。本文根据6名曲棍球运动员以3种拉射姿势分别向球门4个边角进攻的运动学参数,归纳总结出不同边角的最佳拉射角,为运动队短角球训练提供一定的运动生物力学实验依据。 相似文献
7.
三人板鞋竞速运动损伤的调查与分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用问卷调查与数理统计等方法,对三人板鞋竞速运动员的损伤史进行调查分析,结果表明：三人板鞋竞速运动的损伤部位主要是足部、踝关节、膝关节、大小腿肌肉、髋关节、腰背、腕关节、肘关节、肩关节等部位;动作不合理、队员间配合脱节、准备活动不充分、肌肉力量不足、场地器材不适合等是造成损伤的主要原因。 相似文献
8.
目的:确定运动员在落地后即刻启动完成侧切变向(LSC)动作的下肢踝、膝和髋三关节矢状面的运动学和动力学特点,并与平地跑动侧切变向(SC)对比分析、探讨这些差异对下肢关节造成的影响。方法:以14名高水平足球运动员为背景的大学生完成落地侧切和平跑侧切动作时的下肢运动学和动力学数据进行采集与分析。结果:LSC动作的踝、膝关节ROM和关节角速度显著增加,髋关节ROM则呈相反趋势(P<0.05或P<0.01);LSC的踝、膝和髋关节力矩峰值,踝、髋关节功率峰值呈现显著大于SC(P<0.01),膝关节功率峰值小于SC(P<0.05);LSC在水平向后、垂直向上地反峰值及峰值加载率有明显的增加(P<0.01),水平向右地反无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:LSC虽然略降低了膝关节功率峰值,但其余所有运动学、动力学及GRF都预示其下肢关节所承受的损伤风险更高,尤其是踝关节和膝关节。踝关节的高功率和跖屈肌的持续紧张、伸膝力矩和三维地反的显著升高,使得该动作比公认高损伤风险的平跑侧切损伤风险几率更大。 相似文献
9.
易铭裕 《体育科技文献通报》2013,21(4):91-93
运用问卷调查法对师范体育类专业324名大学生运动损伤状况进行调查分析,旨在发现体育专业学生运动损伤的特点、原因及规律,并针对损伤的预防与处理的相关问题提出恰当意见,为其运动损伤的防控工作提供理论依据。研究结果表明:损伤的主要原因是思想上不重视、不合理的准备活动和场地器材因素;身体发生损伤较多的部位是踝关节、膝关节和腰部;损伤发生率较高的运动项目是篮球、田径和足球;经常发生损伤的时期是专业训练课和课余自我锻炼期间;低年级学生比高年级学生更易发生损伤;学生普遍轻视损伤后的治疗,伤病未愈的比率较多。 相似文献
10.
Rony Ibrahim Gert S. Faber Jaap H. van Dieën 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2017,16(1):45-57
Attaining high speed of the stick head and consequently of the ball is essential for successful performance of the drag flick in field hockey, but the coordination pattern used to maximise stick head speed is unknown. The kinematics of the drag flick was studied in ten elite hockey players who performed twenty shots each towards a target located 1.5 m high. A 150 Hz active marker motion analysis system was used, alongside two force plates to detect foot touchdown. Angular velocity and contribution to stick endpoint speed of upper body joints were analysed. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare timing of onset and peak angular velocities between joints. Participants used a kinematic pattern that was close to a proximal-to-distal sequence. Trunk axial rotation and lateral rotation towards the target, right wrist flexion and left wrist extension were the main contributors to stick endpoint speed. Coaches should emphasise trunk rotations and wrist flexion and extension movements for maximising stick head speed. Given the high level of the participants in this study, the coordination of joints motions, as reported here, can serve as a guideline for drag flick training. 相似文献
11.
文章探讨了后蹬腿动作的力学原理,就如何提高后蹬腿速度进行了分析。结论是:各关节曲线中,髋关节速度较小且变化不大;膝关节、踝关节和脚尖的速度曲线变化明显;膝关节较早达到速度峰值,然后减速,接着在踢中目标瞬间膝和脚几乎同时达到速度最大值。 相似文献
12.
运用文献资料法、实验法和数理统计法,以10名辽宁省排球队女运动员为研究对象,获取受试者3步助跑后衔接跳跃扣球的起跳期在三维空间坐标中的轨迹和与地面的反作用力参数,以及髋关节、膝关节、踝关节的最大伸肌力矩和最大伸肌功率,研究排球不同扣球起跳下肢运动学的特征,为提高排球扣球起跳时的动作质量提供参考。结果表明:(1)后排先行脚、跟随脚的动作时间、动作总时间短于后排,后排起跳动作距离长于前排(P<0.01);(2)先行脚和跟随脚的髋关节、膝关节伸肌力矩后排大于前排(P>0.05);在踝关节伸肌力矩中,后排的先行脚大于前排(P>0.05),后排的跟随脚大于前排(P<0.05);(3)除先行脚的膝关节向心功率后排均小于前排外,先行脚和跟随脚的髋关节、膝关节、踝关节伸肌向心功率后排均大于前排。先行脚和跟随脚的髋关节、膝关节肌坏踝关节离心功率后排大于前排。 相似文献
13.
Abdallah Rejeb Amanda Johnson Roel Vaeyens Cosmin Horobeanu Abdulaziz Farooq Erik Witvrouw 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(4):495-502
The present investigation was carried out to examine the incidence and pattern of injuries in adolescent multisport athletes from youth sports academy. Injury data were prospectively collected from 166 athletes during the seasons from 2009 to 2014. A total of 643 injuries were identified, 559 (87.0%) were time-loss injuries. The overall injury incidence was 5.5 (95% confidence interval CI: 5.1–6.0), the incidence of time-loss injuries was 4.8 (95% CI: 4.4–5.2), the incidence of growth conditions was 1.2 (95% CI: 1.0–1.4) and incidence of serious injuries was 0.6 (95% CI: 0.5–0.8) per 1000?h of exposure. The prevalence of overuse injuries was 50.3%. Growth conditions represented 20.0%. Most of the injuries (67.0%) involved the lower extremities, and both foot and ankle were the most predominant injured body parts (22.0%). Knee injuries were mostly from overuse (50 vs. 23, p?=?.02), whereas foot and ankle injuries resulted from an acute mechanism (94 vs. 31, p?<?.0001). Minor and moderate injuries accounted for 87.0%. Muscle, tendon and osteochondrosis injuries accounted for 52.0% of all injuries. Comparing groups, squash sport was having the highest injury incidence (8.5 injuries per athlete). Higher exposure was associated with greater overuse relative risk (RR?=?1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.014, p?<?.001). In conclusion, the results of this study identified a high incidence of injuries in this youth sports population. Striking was the prevalence of overuse injuries of 50%, which suggests the need for injury prevention protocols for adolescent highly trained athletes. 相似文献
14.
在网球运动中,膝关节损伤较为普遍,且发病机制复杂。通过探讨造成膝关节损伤的机理和规律,可为损伤的预防、治疗、康复提供帮助。研究发现,不同研究尚未得出一致的网球膝关节损伤发病率与患病率,但其损伤率较高。网球膝关节损伤在不同性别、年龄段中均较为普遍。损伤与运动等级之间的关系尚不明确。网球膝关节损伤以慢性损伤居多,损伤程度尚不明确。膝关节处常见的损伤包括肌腱炎、半月板损伤、滑囊炎等,但每一种损伤的发病率仍不明确。有关建立运动技术肌肉动力学模型的研究已有报道,但鲜见建立网球技术肌肉动力学模型的相关报道。有限元模型已在医学领域广泛应用,但鲜见其应用于研究网球损伤。研究认为,流行病学研究中需要建立一个统一的损伤记录系统,为提供全面且准确的损伤信息奠定基础。建立生物力学模型研究网球膝关节损伤有助于探寻损伤的力学机制,这类模型的发展趋势是有限元模型耦合动力学模型。此类模型的建立将为网球运动的损伤研究、防治、康复提供帮助。 相似文献
15.
Chandler Moore Luke Donovan Amanda M. Murray Charles Armstrong 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2020,19(3):395-410
AbstractLateral ankle sprains (LAS) are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries and as a response, clinicians often use external ankle taping prophylactically to reduce the prevalence of injuries. External ankle taping techniques have been shown to significantly reduce passive ankle range of motion; however, there is limited research on the effects of external ankle taping on lower extremity kinematics or kinetics during sport specific tasks. Therefore, our objective was to compare the effects of external ankle taping on ankle, knee and hip kinematics and kinetics compared to no taping during an anticipated sidestep cutting task and a straight sprint task. We conducted a cross-over laboratory study with 16 healthy males. Three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics were collected with a motion capture system and in-ground force plate during 5 trials of a sprint and anticipated side-step cut with or without external ankle taping. Group means and associated 90% confidence intervals were plotted across 100 data points for each task, significance being identified when the confidence intervals did not overlap for three consecutive data points. No significant kinetic or kinematic differences were identified between conditions for the tasks. External ankle taping does not influence lower extremity biomechanics during a control cutting task. 相似文献
16.
目的:对辽宁省排球队女运动员下肢急停纵跳落地时的力矩和最大关节角度进行研究,以期对有膝关节损伤的排球运动员进行科学训练提供参考。方法:以14名辽宁省排球队女运动员为研究对象,将运动员分为两组,其中无伤组8人,损伤组6人,采用三维测力平台和红外光电运动捕捉系统,记录受试者在完成急停纵跳动作落地时的髋关节、膝关节、踝关节的力矩以及最大关节角度数据。结果:在急停纵跳落地时,损伤膝关节的旋转、收展力矩大于无伤组,屈伸力矩小于无伤组,损伤组的髋关节的屈伸、收展、旋转力矩均大于无伤组;损伤组的踝关节旋转力矩小于无伤组,收展力矩和屈伸力矩大于无伤组。损伤组的踝关节在屈伸、收展和旋转时的最大关节角度大于无伤组;损伤组的膝关节在屈伸和收展时的最大关节角度大于无伤组,旋转时小于无伤组;损伤的髋关节屈伸和收展时的最大关节角度大于无伤组,髋关节旋转时的最大关节角度左侧小于无伤组,右侧大于无伤组。结论:膝关节损伤的运动员完成急停纵跳动作落地时,通过代偿性改变增大髋关节力矩、增加膝关节旋转和收展力矩,增大踝关节收展和屈伸力矩,增加膝关节和髋关节在屈伸和收展时活动角度,增加膝关节屈伸和收展时活动角度来完成动作。 相似文献
17.
Jaymee R. Shell Shawn M. K. Robbins Philippe C. Dixon Philippe J. Renaud René A. Turcotte Tom Wu 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2017,16(3):313-324
The forward skating start is a fundamental skill for male and female ice hockey players. However, performance differences by athlete’s sex cannot be fully explained by physiological variables; hence, other factors such as skating technique warrant examination. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the body movement kinematics of ice hockey skating starts between elite male and female ice hockey participants. Male (n = 9) and female (n = 10) elite ice hockey players performed five forward skating start accelerations. An 18-camera motion capture system placed on the arena ice surface captured full-body kinematics during the first seven skating start steps within 15 meters. Males’ maximum skating speeds were greater than females. Skating technique sex differences were noted: in particular, females presented ~10° lower hip abduction throughout skating stance as well as ~10° greater knee extension at initial ice stance contact, conspicuously followed by a brief cessation in knee extension at the moment of ice contact, not evident in male skaters. Further study is warranted to explain why these skating technique differences exist in relation to factors such as differences in training, equipment, performance level, and anthropometrics. 相似文献
18.
Steinberg N Siev-Ner I Peleg S Dar G Masharawi Y Zeev A Hershkovitz I 《Journal of sports sciences》2012,30(5):485-495
In the present study, we tried to determine the association between joint ranges of motion, anatomical anomalies, body structure, dance discipline, and injuries in young female recreational dancers. A group of 1336 non-professional female dancers (age 8-16 years), were screened. The risk factors considered for injuries were: range of motion, body structure, anatomical anomalies, dance technique, and dance discipline. Sixty-one different types of injuries and symptoms were identified and later classified into four major categories: knee injuries, foot or ankle tendinopathy, back injuries, and non-categorized injuries. We found that 569 (42.6%) out of the 1336 screened dancers, were injured.The following factors were found to be associated with injuries (P < 0.05): (a) range of motion (e.g. dancers with hyper hip abduction are more prone to foot or ankle tendinopathies than dancers with hypo range of motion; (b) anatomical anomalies (scoliotic dancers manifested a higher rate of injuries than non-scoliotic dancers); (c) dance technique (dancers with incorrect technique of rolling-in were found to have more injuries than dancers with correct technique); (d) dance discipline (an association between time of practice en pointe and injury was observed); and (e) early age of onset of menarche decreased risk for an injury. No association between body structure and injury was found. Injuries among recreational dancers should not be overlooked, and therefore precautionary steps should be taken to reduce the risk of injury, such as screening for joint range of motion and anatomical anomalies. Certain dance positions (e.g. en pointe) should be practised only when the dancer has already acquired certain physical skills, and these practices should be time controlled. 相似文献
19.
ABSTRACT Chronic foot and ankle injuries are common in dancers; understanding how lower extremity loading changes in response to altered task goals can be beneficial for rehabilitation and injury prevention strategies. The purpose of this study was to examine mechanical demands during jump take-offs when the task goal was modified to focus on either increasing jump distance or increasing jump height. It was hypothesized that a jump strategy focused on height would result in decreased energetic demands on the foot and ankle joints. Thirty healthy, experienced female dancers performed saut de chat leaps while travelling as far as possible (FAR) or jumping as high as possible (UP). Ground reaction force (GRF) impulses and peak sagittal plane net joint moments and sagittal plane mechanical energy expenditure (MEE) of the metatarsophalangeal (MTP), ankle, knee, and hip joints were calculated. During take-off, vertical and horizontal braking GRF impulses were greater and horizontal propulsive GRF impulse was lower in the UP condition. MEE at the MTP, ankle, and hip joints was lower in UP, and MEE at the knee was higher in UP. These results suggest that a strategy focused on height may be helpful in unloading the ankle and MTP joints during dance leaps. 相似文献