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力竭运动恢复期大鼠血液中自由基的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
力竭运动后24小时大鼠血液中LPO、SOD、GSH-px的恢复结果表明,力竭运动后即刻半小时,血浆LPO含量和SOD活性不断增高,3小时左右达到最高值,随后不断降低,运动后24小时基本恢复到静息状态。力竭运动后即刻血液中GSH-px有显著升高,随后一直都呈现下降趋势,表明LPO、SOD具有相似的变化趋势,而GSH-px则与它们的变化不一致。 相似文献
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《体育科技文献通报》1998,(7)
G804.7 9802380耐力运动对大鼠肾脏组织自由基代谢的影响[刊,中,A]/郭林,吕志红,曹建民,刘秀云//体育科学.-1998.-18(1).-77-78,82表1参4(MYL)耐力训练//肾脏组织//脂肪//过氧化氢酶//酶//SOD//LPO//动物实验//鼠测定大鼠在进行耐力运动前及运动后即刻、2h、4h及6h 肾脏组织脂质过氧化水平(LPO)、超氧化物歧化酶活性(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶或性(GSH-Px)变化表明 相似文献
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牛磺酸和／或递增负荷训练对大鼠骨骼肌不同肌纤维线粒体Ca^2＋-ATP酶活性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以大鼠力竭性运动为模型，观察了牛磺酸和／或递增负荷训练对大鼠力竭运动后即刻红、白肌线粒体Ca^2 -ATP酶活性的影响。结果显示：1)安静时白肌纤维线粒体Ca^2 -ATP酶活性较红肌的高；2)力竭运动使白肌纤维线粒体Ca^2 -ATP酶活性降低，红肌的则升高；3)5周递增负荷训练对白肌纤维线粒体Ca^2 -ATP酶活性影响较大，而对红肌的几乎没有什么影响；4)牛磺酸能使力竭运动后白肌和红肌张维线粒体Ca^2 -ATP酶活性升高，结合训练其作用更明显。结果提示：递增负荷训练中慢运动单位可能较少参与运动，所以该方法可能只对白肌起到积极的锻炼作用，牛磺酸和／或训练有保护白肌和红肌线粒体的功能和防止红肌线粒体功能损伤的作用。 相似文献
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耐久性运动导致大鼠肾脏组织自由基代谢动态变化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
测定大鼠在进行耐久性运动前及运动后即刻、2h、4h及6h肾脏组织脂质过氧化水平(LPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH Px)活性和尿总蛋白(TP)排出率变化表明,大鼠肾脏组织在运动结束后即刻LPO和尿TP排出率显著升高(P<0 01,P<0 01),SOD活性升高不显著(P>0 05)和GSH Px活性显著下降(P<0 05)。指出大鼠肾脏组织在运动结束后即刻自由基作用明显加强。从其在运动结束后4次测得肾脏组织LPO、SOD、GSH Px和尿TP排出率指标所形成的动态变化看,耐久性运动可以提高大鼠肾脏组织抗氧化酶活性,从而清除运动时产生的大量自由基,提高大鼠肾脏组织对抗自由基的能力,肾脏组织自由基作用的加强与尿TP排出率的升高具有高度相关性。 相似文献
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耐久性运动导致大鼠肾脏组织自由基代谢动态变化的研究 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
测定大鼠在进行耐久性运动前及运动后即刻、2h、4h及6h肾脏组织脂质过氧化水平（LPO）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性和尿总蛋白排出率（TP）变化表明，大鼠肾脏组织在运动结束后即刻LPO和尿TP排出率显著升高（P<0.01，P<0.01），SOD活性升高不显著（P>0.05）和GSH-Px活性显著下降（P<0.05）。大鼠肾脏组织在运动结束后即刻自由基作用明显加强，从其在运动结束后4次测得肾脏组织LPO、SOD、GSH-Px和尿TP排出率指标所形成的动态变化看，耐久性运动可以提高大鼠肾脏组织抗氧化酶活性，从而清除运动时产生的大量自由基，提高大鼠肾脏组织对抗自由基的能力。 相似文献
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研究目的观察定量运动对肌糖原贮储不同大鼠脂肪细胞白细胞介素-6及受体和激素敏感性脂肪酶基因表达的变化.研究方法通过跑台运动与膳食干预来造成运动前大鼠肌糖原储备不同,分为正常(肌)糖原组和低(肌)糖原组,然后再进行定量跑台运动.在运动过程中宰杀进行动态观察.通过实时荧光定量PCR法测定脂肪细胞中的白细胞介素-6及受体和激素敏感性脂肪酶的mRNA.结果研究发现,定量运动引起了脂肪组织中IL-6mRNA、IL-6RmRNA和HSLmRNA上升,其中IL-6mRNA和HSLmRNA的上升并不存在肌糖原储备的差异,而IL-6RmRNA则不然.结论定量运动过程中肌糖原储备的差异对脂肪组织IL-6RmRNA的影响深刻,而对IL-6mRNA和HSLmRNA的影响较小. 相似文献
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不同运动情况下补糖对小鼠肌糖原的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
60只雄性昆明小鼠随机分为六组(A.安静补糖组B.安静组C.定量运动补糖组D.定量运动组E.力竭运动补糖组F.力竭运动组),经过6周游泳运动,运动后即刻采用蒽酮法测定肌糖原。实验表明,定量运动组、力竭组、力竭补糖组肌糖原水平与对照组有显著性差异(力竭组与安静组和安静补糖组都有非常显著性差异P<0.01,力竭补糖组与安静组P<0.01与安静补糖组P<0.05),定量运动补糖组与对照组无显著性差异,定量运动组与对照组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结果表明,定量运动补糖可及时补充机体肌糖原的消耗,适当延长运动时间,而力竭运动组和力竭运动补糖组肌糖原消耗严重,糖原储备显著减少。 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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曲爱宁 《体育科技文献通报》2007,15(8):97-98
柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。 相似文献
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我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究，提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点，提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献