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1.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(2):130-138
Abstract This study investigated stimulus velocity effect on manual asymmetry during planning and execution of a complex coincidence-anticipation task. Left- and right-handers were required to press six buttons sequentially in conjunction with visual stimulus provided by a coincidence-anticipation device. Results showed that (1) stimulus velocity affected timing response and timing accuracy only for right-handers, who responded faster but less accurately in the fast stimulus velocity, (2) manual asymmetries for both handedness groups revealed a left-hand advantage for initiating the movement, and a preferred-hand advantage for movement time. The preferred-hand advantage in timing accuracy was only observed in the fast stimulus velocity. These findings are discussed in the framework of the hemispheric functional lateralisation. 相似文献
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Christensen CL Payne VG Wughalter EH Yan JH Henehan M Jones R 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2003,74(2):136-142
This research examined varying levels of physical activity and psychomotor and physiological function in variously active older men. Very active moderately active, and low active participants were tested on simple (SRT) and choice reaction time (CRT), coincidence-anticipation timing (CAT), and VO2max. No significant differences for age or height were found, although percentage of fat, and weight were statistically different. Active groups were leaner and lighter. VO2max was significantly different between groups, as physically active groups yielded geater values. SRT and CAT also yielded significantly different results with more active participants showing better performance. No between-groups significant differences resulted for CRT. Generally, increased levels of physical activity were related to superior physiological outcomes and improved psychomotor peformance. 相似文献
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Preparation and control of rapid, multisegmented responses in simple and choice environments 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Research investigating the preparation and control of rapid, multisegmented responses typically has assumed complete programming of the response occurring prior to movement initiation and has made use of a simple reaction time (RT) paradigm. A notable exception is Rosenbaum's work which proposed the Hierarchical Editor (HED) model that is specifically directed toward the control of movements in the choice environment. The purposes of this study were to investigate the assumption of complete programming prior to movement initiation and to compare predictions of the HED model with other programming models. Three experiments are reported in which subjects were required to tap either one, two, or three plates as rapidly as possible in either a simple or choice RT situation. The results were very consistent in these experiments even with several modifications in apparatus and methodology. Of particular interest were effects of movement complexity on RT and movement time (MT) for the first and second segments of the movement (M1 and M2). Choice RT (CRT) results consistently showed no increases in RT as the number of movement segments increased but showed significant increases in M1. For simple RT situations, however, there were small but consistent increases in RT as well as increases in M1 with increases in the number of movement parts. For both CRT and SRT results, small but nonsignificant increases were noted for M2. These results provide evidence for incomplete programming prior to response initiation. Although the SRT data can be accommodated by Henry's theory, the HED model appears to offer the best overall fit for the results. 相似文献
5.
Kathleen M. Haywood Gail Greenwald Catherine Lewis 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):458-464
Abstract Age group differences in the direction of anticipatory motor responses may be attributable to the increased susceptibility of young children to contextual factors. That is, their performances on a given trial may be influenced by the stimulus speed presented in the previous trial. Mixed-sex groups of 8–9 year-olds and adults were given 3 blocks of 18 coincidence-anticipation trials each in a counterbalanced design. One block contained stimulus speeds of 1, 3, or 5 MPH, another speeds of 3, 5, or 7 MPH, and a third speeds of 5, 7, or 9 MPH, so that the 5 MPH speed was common to all blocks. An age group by sex by testing order by trial block ANOVA of constant error on the 5 MPH trials indicated that trial block was a significant factor within an age group by block interaction. Mean scores showed that the children responded very early in the 5–7–9 MPH block to the 5 MPH stimuli while the adults did not. Testing order was also a significant factor: subjects in the 1–3–5, 5–7–9, 3–5–7 MPH order performed with significantly greater directional error. While the later finding may indicate contextual factors influenced performance, there is no strong evidence that contextual factors differentially affected the age groups. 相似文献
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第21届冬奥会我国速度滑冰成绩的理性思考 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在第21届冬奥会上我国有14名速度滑冰运动员参加了7个项目的比赛,仅收获1枚女子500m铜牌,其他参赛项目成绩平平,与上一届冬奥会相比没有取得突破,遗憾收官。综述了第21届冬奥会速度滑冰的成绩,理性分析了我国速度滑冰运动员在第21届冬奥会上的表现,男、女短距离项目的得与失,女子长距离、男子速滑项目落后的局面;展望我国速度滑冰项目未来发展,提出以改革创新的精神建立速度滑冰项目长期发展的战略布局,建立速度滑冰后备人才的长效培养机制,提高教练员、运动员综合素质等发展思路,为谋划更好地完成下一个备战周期的重要任务和在第22届索契冬奥会上实现速滑项目金牌零的突破而努力。 相似文献
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通过实验、数理统计、比较分析等方法 ,对重复训练法在短距离跑训练中不同专项、距离、季节与间歇时间指标相关性进行实验研究。结果表明 :不同专项、不同距离、不同季节气候与间歇时间指标皆有相关性 ,其相关性存在一定的变化规律。提示 :教练员在短距离跑训练中运用重复训练法训练时 ,应充分考虑相关性变化规律 ,科学制订间歇时间指标 ,使重复训练产生最佳训练效应 相似文献
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Tânia Brusque Crocetta Regiani Guarnieri Thaís Massetti Talita Dias da Silva Renata Thaís de Almeida Barbosa Jennifer Yohanna Ferreira de Lima Antão 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2019,23(2):169-185
The coincidence-anticipation timing (CAT) task assesses one facet of cognitive and motor performance and is used to understand the human visuo-motor system involved in intercepting the moving object. To assess the test–retest reliability and the concurrent validity in the Bridge Games package (Bridge) developed to assess the CAT task, the scores of 224 healthy subjects (M = 52.2, SD = 19.5 years old) were measured using the Bridge and the ‘gold standard’ Bassin Anticipation Timer (Bassin). A mean block of absolute, constant, and variable errors was calculated. Reliability and validity were expressed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC2,k), standard error of measurement, minimal detectable change, and Pearson’s correlation. Reliability was good to excellent for all blocks (.73 ≤ ICC ≤ .88), and the validity was good to excellent when compared using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, suggesting that the two tests may have similar properties. Bridge is an alternative to existing clinical tests for the CAT task. 相似文献
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Carmen Gutiérrez-Cruz F. Javier Rojas Marcos Gutiérrez-Davila 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(7):651-657
The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of stimulus change timing on reaction response time parameters, horizontal velocity of the centre of mass (CM) and precision during offensive actions in fencing. Twelve fencers from the Spanish National Foil Team were included in the study. Two 500 Hz force plates were used to register the horizontal component of the reaction force while a 3D video camera set at 250 Hz recorded the spatial position of 11 body markers and a projector connected to a programmed stopwatch projected a moving target (stimulus) on a screen. When the circle (target) appeared in the centre of the plastron, fencers had to execute a step-forward-lunge as fast as possible, trying to touch the circle with the tip of the foil. During the lunge, the position of the target could randomly shift or not to three different positions. The stimulus change was performed randomly at four different times with a progressive delay. The results show that target changes did not have any effect when they occurred at the beginning of the movement sequence. However, when the target change was delayed, reaction and movement times increased and the technical execution of the lunge changed, leading to more errors. 相似文献
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电子竞技未成年选手培养的法律问题 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
电子竞技运动发展速度极为迅速,形成席卷全球的竞技风暴.在中国,电子竞技运动已成为正式开展的第99个体育项目,并日趋职业化.电子竞技运动的特点决定了这一体育项目中未成年选手的培养与其他体育项目存在很大差别,需要予以特别关注,并应从制度层面加以保护,在保障未成年人健康的同时促进电子竞技运动有序、健康的发展. 相似文献
11.
John S. Harrison 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):590-600
Abstract When the response movements are as short and simple as possible, the time lag between stimulus and response for one movement is shortened by introducing the stimulus for a second movement during the latent period for the first (usually about .22 sec). Under these conditions the latent period of the second movement is increased about 25 percent. This does not seem to be caused by true psychological refractoriness, since ability to accept the second stimulus and respond to it is still present. A control experiment furnishes evidence that it is probably a foreperiod-expectancy phenomenon. The length of the response latency of a simple single movement is increased about 40 percent if conditions are altered so that a second stimulus requiring a second movement is expected some time within a half-second after the first stimulus. All of these results are consistent with the recent memory drum theory of neuromotor response. 相似文献
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通过比较连续3届进入全运会决赛运动员的项群分布，发现我国不同项群的优秀运动员运动寿命有所不同，技能类项群的运动员运动寿命长于体能类项群运动员。在技能类项群中，运动寿命较长的是球类运动员，而格斗类项目的运动员运动寿命较短。而在体能类项群中，速度性项目运动员的运动寿命长于耐力性和快速力量性项目运动员的运动寿命。 相似文献
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Abstract This study determined how experts see the future of adult fitness by using the Delphi Technique as a measurement tool. Experts (n = 50), all Fellows of the American College of Sports Medicine, were selected on the basis of their reputations in adult fitness. Three questionnaires were submitted to the panel. In the first questionnaire each expert listed five or more events, trends, or developments they thought would take place and five or more events they would like to see take place in the next 25 years. From the events and trends listed on this questionnaire, 100 items were generated that formed the basis for the last two questionnaires. Responses to the items on the second questionnaire were evaluated on a 5-point Likert scale for probability and desirability. In the third questionnaire, group means and standard deviations were calculated and recorded for each item. Only those items which were significantly (p < .01) higher than 3.0, the average probability or desirability response on the Likert scale, were included in the analysis. The items were divided into seven categories: fitness in sport and recreation, fitness and wellness, fitness in industry, fitness in education, fitness in business, research in fitness, and fitness equipment and facilities. The highest single mean for any item for both probability (M = 4.31) and desirability (M = 4.83) was increased awareness of health and fitness among the elderly. 相似文献
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Kathleen M. Haywood 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(1):28-32
Abstract Coincidence-anticipation performance has been found to vary with changes in the speed of the task's stimulus. This may be due to bias effects. The present study was designed to investigate the existence of directional error, its persistence after extended practice, and its occurrence upon transfer to new contextual stimuli. Two groups of 20 women athletes each were tested for 270 trials over 3 days on a Bassin anticipation task. One group judged stimulus speeds of 2, 3, and 4 mph and the other group speeds of 2, 4, and 6 mph. Both groups improved during training, but tended to respond late, less accurately, and more variably to the slowest speed. Following a 30-trial warmup on Day 4, the second group transferred to the same speeds given the first group. Following transfer, the Transfer Group demonstrated increased directional bias to the slowest stimulus speed despite having seen this speed throughout training. By the second block of trials following transfer, however, they were performing at an error level similar to that of the Control Group. The present findings are in agreement with those concerning psychophysical judgments, and suggest that skill acquisition may be subject to bias effects if the task involves judgments of varying speeds. 相似文献
16.
《Sport Management Review》2020,23(3):387-400
Charity sport events provide participants with a meaningful event experience, and the opportunity to support a charitable cause is a critical component of this experience. This opportunity often involves fundraising, either as a requirement of event participation or as an option to supplement registration. However, fundraising as part of charity sport event participation is a difficult task. In the current research, the authors examine the challenges faced by charity sport event participants in soliciting donations, and the effort made to overcome these challenges. Constraint negotiation served as a theoretical framework to guide this examination. Semi-structured interviews (N = 27) were conducted with Triathlon Pink participants to discuss their fundraising process and their attitudes towards fundraising. Four constraints were revealed: lack of receptivity among potential donors, perceived lack of money from potential donors, discomfort in asking, and lack of time. These constraints were negotiated through three strategies: narrative, prizes and incentives, and emphasising that any bit helps. Based upon the themes uncovered, charity sport event managers can implement increased education of fundraisers and point of sale donations within the registration process. 相似文献
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Maddison J. Jones Ian C. Dunican Kevin Murray Peter Peeling Brian Dawson Shona Halson 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(18):2033-2037
The 10-min Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT-10) is regarded as the gold-standard for assessing vigilant attention following sleep loss; however, other studies have investigated whether shorter versions of the test elicit similar results to the PVT-10. The present study compared the PVT-10 with 3-min (PVT-3) and 5-min (PVT-5) versions of the test in elite female basketball players. Athletes performed all three tests in the morning and evening for seven consecutive days. Response speed (mean reciprocal reaction time; mean 1/RT), number of errors and number of lapses were determined for each test and time point. The PVT-3 elicited significantly faster response speeds than the other two tests (p < 0.01), while the PVT-5 and PVT-10 were not different. The PVT-10 resulted in more lapses than the PVT-5, followed by the PVT-3, with all tests being significantly different to each other (p < 0.01). In conclusion, while the PVT-5 and PVT-10 were generally similar for response speed, the PVT-3 did not produce results comparable with the PVT-10 for response speed, lapses or errors, and should therefore not be used interchangeably. Further research is required to determine whether the shorter tests are a suitable replacement for the PVT-10 in professional basketball players. 相似文献
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An analysis of selected kinematic variables in national and elite male and female 100-m and 200-m breaststroke swimmers 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
The kinematic analysis of competition breaststroke swimming has tended to focus on the mean values of swimming speed, stroke rate and stroke length; values in individual lengths, as well as the start, turns and finish, have largely been ignored. This study includes all such variables and aims to improve the coach's holistic understanding of breaststroke racing by determining the relationships and differences between and within these selected kinematic variables. We also compare 100-m events with 200-m events to determine if there are characteristic differences between them. Competitive breaststroke swimming performances in 100-m events (males: n = 159, finishing time = 65.05 +/- 2.62 s; females: n = 158, finishing time = 74.04 +/- 3.66 s) and 200-m events (males: n = 159, finishing time = 141.47 +/- 6.15 s; females: n = 158, finishing time = 158.66 +/- 7.87 s) were collected and analysed from 12 world, international and national championships. The better 100-m and 200-m breaststroke swimmers were found to demonstrate greater competency in the kinematic variables measured, except stroke kinematics, which were unique to each individual. These findings suggest that coaches should place emphasis on all of the kinematic components in training and that they should attempt to identify the stroke rate to stroke length ratio most appropriate for the individual. Finally, characteristic differences do exist between the 100-m and 200-m events, which has implications for how swimmers might train for each event. 相似文献
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Abstract The present study sought to determine whether individuals could be trained to attenuate the visual dominance effect by selecting a proprioceptive stimulus for attention. Using a reaction time (RT) task, subjects received either: (a) visual (V), (b) proprioceptive (P), or (c) combined V and P (VP) stimuli during the first four days. Each subject was then tested under all three stimuli conditions. Results showed that reaction time to the P cue was always faster than that to V or combined VP stimuli. The order in which subjects were tested under each stimulus modality significantly affected the results such that those subjects who received initial exposure to the V stimulus produced the slowest premotor time scores but the fastest motor time scores. These results suggest that the nature of the stimulus which initiates the volitional task can affect both the central processing requirements to initiate the response, and the qualitative manner in which the motor command is executed. 相似文献
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通过对接受不同专业训练的成年男子进行递增负荷的6s连快速卧推测试，结果显示：不同专项运动员上肢无氧功率各不相同，且各有其专项特点。同时也进一步证明该测试方法的可行性。 相似文献