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1.
《Sport Management Review》2014,17(2):160-173
To show why the 1998 doping scandals led to the establishment of the World Anti-Doping Agency, this paper investigates how the IOC has created its organizational identity once confronted with the emergence of doping in sport. The paper endorses a new institutional understanding of organizations, which is combined with a critical discourse analytical framework. Through a systematic reading of the Olympic Review between 1960 and 2003 four main anti-doping discourses are outlined: health scientific, ethical, legal and educational discourses construct the meaning-providing horizon of IOC anti-doping commitment. The 1988 Ben Johnson doping incident is crucial for the understanding of the organizational changes occurring 10 years later. Immediately following the Seoul Olympic Games the IOC applies a warfare genre, which frames anti-doping as a declaration of war and constructs a narrative of the IOC as leading a successful battle against doping. The 1998 doping scandals reveal the opposite. Subsequently, WADA can be labelled IOC's institutionalization failure. 相似文献
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The management of the Olympic Games has changed significantly since the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games. The introduction of commercialisation probably saved the Olympic Games from a fateful crisis. It brought financial stability and attracted cities to bid for the Games. On the other hand, the impact of hosting the Olympic Games increased as more stakeholders became involved in its management. In addition, the global community became concerned about environmental issues. Global organisations including the International Olympic Committee (IOC) were required to take actions towards sustainable development. In this context, the debate regarding the Olympic legacy became of interest among stakeholders and researchers. The IOC introduced indicators to measure impact and legacy, which is now referred to as Olympic Games Impact (OGI). However, there are some issues in the current OGI study. This paper aims to suggest a theoretical approach which would contribute to solve the issues by focusing on sustainable sport legacy as an example. The proposed theoretical approach is focusing on event objective and analysing the relationship between sport policy and sport legacy development concentrated on the process and opportunity rather than the outcome. 相似文献
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为了更进一步打击服用兴奋剂的行为,保持奥林匹克运动的纯洁性,国际奥委会执行委员会根据《奥林匹克宪章》的规定制定了＂奥委会规则＂。美国奥委会和国际奥委会之间因为服用兴奋剂禁赛处罚而不能在一段时间内参加奥运会的规则争议提交体育仲裁院（CAS）仲裁,CAS裁决运动员被禁赛期满后就有资格参加奥运会,否则就是对运动员的双重惩罚,违反基本的＂一事不再理＂原则,国际奥委会应对有关规则进行修改。该裁决维护了运动员参加奥运会的基本权益,也有利于反兴奋剂规则的全球统一化。 相似文献
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Donna Wong 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(13):1831-1851
Hailed as the flagship of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) strategy regarding young people, the organising of the Youth Olympic Games (YOG) was approved by the IOC in 2007 and Singapore was subsequently selected as the first host city for the summer YOG. Although the YOG is going to be the first new event the IOC has staged since the 1924 winter Olympic Games, its novelty may not be as radical as first impressions may suggest. This paper charts the chronological development of the YOG through a broad overview of little-known Youth Olympic Festivals, which the YOG is reported to be modelled after, and traces the political/economical/ideological contexts for the conception of the YOG. Despite being the latest addition to the Olympics family, the YOG is not spared from conflicts and tensions which inundated the Olympic Games. This paper aims to exemplify the range of debates presented by the launch of the YOG and contribute to the literature examining the opportunities and challenges presented by the launch of the YOG. 相似文献
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杜世全 《天津体育学院学报》2010,25(4):367-368
国际奥委会作为国际体育管理组织的领军人物,走过了116 个春秋,这家“百年老店”之所以能够不断地发展壮大,并在全世界范围内普及奥林匹
克运动,不断的进行组织机构变革是它成功的法宝之一,从国际奥委会委员的遴选、任职资格的规定、数量的增加、来源的扩大、决策机构和执行机构的建立、到各专门委员会的设立。国际奥委会的组织变革具有机构的设立灵活多变、紧紧围绕组织目标、与环境不断交融等特点。并就国际奥委会目前面临的奥运会规模过大、内部权力监督和制衡机制不完善、兴奋剂泛滥、过度商业化等主要问题,提出国际奥委会今后组织发展中应遵循的原则。 相似文献
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通过文献资料法、观察法和数理统计法,对2012年英国伦敦奥运会体操比赛男子运动员的比赛成绩进行归纳、对比和分析,结果表明:中国体操队一共获得了4枚金牌、3枚银牌和1枚铜牌,继续位居体操奖牌榜的首位;中国体操男团成功夺冠,但在个人全能项目上却无竞争力;男子体操已经不是中国队一家独大,欧美各国的单项选手层出不穷。 相似文献
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兴奋剂是一个众人皆知的敏感话题。它所引发的思考或已经折射出的人文危机不仅反映出人们对奥林匹克运动历史的总结和反省,更应该激起人们对其现在和将来的思考和审视。历史的发展和社会的进步要求我们要与时俱进,运用新眼光看待旧问题能更加深入的了解和分析问题。兴奋剂使用的泛化和反兴奋剂工作的艰难进一步加深了兴奋剂问题的社会关注度。基于兴奋剂的更新加大了反兴奋剂的难度,而兴奋剂的过度使用扭曲了奥林匹克运动的价值,呼吁按照奥运会的运作模式组创一个免于兴奋剂检查的“反奥运会”,以此激起人们对奥林匹克运动发展的重新思考。 相似文献
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悉尼奥运会的拉杜坎兴奋剂事件，是近几年世界反兴奋剂进程中具有启示意义的典型案例。该事件及其后的反兴奋刑立法进程表明：反兴奋刑立法的核心理念是公平原则；反兴奋剂司法面临诸多的两难境地，“严格责任”是其两难之下的边际选择，也是提高司法效率的应对之策；反兴奋刑执法如山的威势之中也蕴含着以人为本的人文关怀；反兴奋剂法律也有无奈，也有不及。因而，反兴奋剂与用兴奋剂的斗争不会停止，人类永远需要正义和智慧。 相似文献
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AbstractThe Youth Olympic Games (YOG) were established as a new event in the Olympic family at a session of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in July 2007. This paper illuminates why and how this new event was established. It turns out that the formally unanimous decision to establish the event was taken in a contested terrain. Much attention has been put on the agency of the then president of the IOC, Jacques Rogge, and his role as an institutional leader is discussed in a context where the pressure of tradition is strong. Securing the character of an organization which has become an institution is a central task for institutional leadership, and developing an ‘external mechanism’ or a new subfield like the YOG is a way to explore this. Appealing to original ideas and values, such as the educational role of the games, is of importance but would in itself not be enough to convince the fellow members of the IOC’s decision-making bodies. Acting politically as a ‘statesman’ with the skills and ability to manoeuvre among different interests and wills was equally a necessity to convince the decision makers to welcome this new event into the Olympic movement. 相似文献
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现实与无奈——国际奥委会现状解读 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
李林 《武汉体育学院学报》2002,36(2):7-9
国际奥委会历尽百年沧桑，虽处于发展的鼎盛时期，但却危机四伏。尽管国际奥委会进行了一系列的改革，但无奈困难重重，步履维艰。在今后相当长的时间内，促进组织自身的改革、控制奥林匹克运动过度的商业化、限制奥运会的规模以及反兴奋剂斗争等仍将是国际奥委会所面临的主要任务。 相似文献
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以中国举重运动员刘春红因2016年兴奋剂复检显示阳性结果而被取消在2008年奥运会比赛成绩,随后她就该处罚决定向国际体育仲裁院提起上诉一案为起点,对奥运会复检程序进行分析,研究发现：尽管复检程序总体上对保障清白运动员的权利和维护反兴奋剂秩序具有积极作用,但在时效方面存在一定瑕疵,如时效过长,可能加大运动员的举证难度,也不利于保护第三人的信赖利益;国际奥委会对复检程序适用时效规定时未能保持前后一致;反兴奋剂组织不严格执行时效规定可能会造成时效变相延长。此外,《世界反兴奋剂条例》第17条关于时效的规定仍不够清晰,应当通过释义明确可以导致时效中止、中断或延长的情形,以确保在维护纯洁体育的同时,合理保障运动员的权利。 相似文献
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Title and flag are the baggage of Taiwan's complex past that was brought from China to Taiwan by the Kuomintang. It led to a series of conflicts between the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the Republic of China and the People's Republic of China. Taiwanese perspective has been used to discuss these sensitive issues. The impact of the international political situation on the China issue is discussed. The roles that IOC presidents – Avery Brundage, Lord Killanin and Antonio Samaranch – played in the development of the Chinese Question are analysed. In summary, due to exchange of international politics and the attitudes of the IOC presidents, the Taipei-based Committee had adopted the following names: the Chinese Olympic Committee (1949–1959), the Taiwan Olympic Committee (1959–1968) and the Republic of China Olympic Committee (1968–1979). Due to international reality, Taiwan finally had to use the name Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee (1981 to present) and pay dearly for its continued participation in the Olympic Movement by changing its national symbols. The other sports federations in Taiwan were furthermore asked to follow the example of the Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee and change their names and flags. Otherwise, they would not be allowed to maintain their memberships. 相似文献
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Matthew Llewellyn 《国际体育史杂志》2015,32(1):53-71
Behind the shadows of an Olympiad replete with tales of Cold War acrimony and lavish commercial excess, emerges South Africa's bureaucratic attempt to achieve readmission to the Olympic Movement prior to the 1984 Los Angeles Games. In the backdrop of the Reagan administration's conciliatory policy of ‘constructive engagement’ towards Pretoria, the all-white South African National Olympic Committee aspired to cease its two-decade-long sporting isolation in the southern California metropolis. Drawing upon archival materials from the International Olympic Studies Center and public debates in the leading national and sporting newspapers and periodicals of the time, this paper will detail and analyse how International Olympic Committee president Juan Antonio Samaranch was forced to navigate a tight political tightrope over the South African issue. Any concession towards Pretoria would have likely agitated the African-bloc nations – a powerful constituency on the IOC with a proclivity for boycotting Olympic Games – as well as the global-nexus of anti-apartheid groups that vehemently opposed South Africa's participation in Los Angeles. 相似文献
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"更干净、更人性、更团结",作为奥林匹克新格言不成立 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2001年,国际奥委会主席罗格提出“更干净、更人性、更团结”奥林匹克新格言的观点,引起众多中国体育理论学者好评,大都认可其为奥林匹克运动发展之必然。在比较原奥林匹克格言和此新格言的基础上提出不同观点。原奥林匹克格言“更快、更高、更强”和奥林匹克信念逻辑自洽。“更干净、更人性、更团结”的提出尽管有其现实必然性,但从逻辑必然性,从语词表达形式看,以及其对奥林匹克运动发展的长远影响等方面分析,应看作罗格的任期目标,其作为奥林匹克格言不合适。 相似文献
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Cesar R. Torres 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(4-5):340-358
In 1951, Buenos Aires hosted the inaugural Pan-American Games. On February 25 of that year, a Greek athlete carried a flame flown specially from his country onto the stadium where the event’s opening ceremonies took place and lit the cauldron. The uncertain character of the Greek flame transported to Buenos Aires alarmed many in Olympic circles. Confused and concerned, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) investigated the matter, which led to a rapid succession of policy changes seeking to regulate the use of flames in regional games. The flame flown from Greece to Buenos Aires for the 1951 Pan-American Games sparked an intense debate about the status of the Olympic flame. The IOC’s recognition of the power of the Olympic flame ritual and its preoccupation with protecting it along with other Olympic symbols and terminology reveal the contours of the organization’s ideology in this era and its relations with associated entities. The flame debate also illuminates the push by Pan-American Games’ officials for autonomy. Clearly, Olympic officials recognized early in the 1950s that the globalization of the Olympic flame ritual required regulation if the IOC was to ensure control of this and its other symbolic resources. 相似文献
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AbstractOver the last three centuries (nineteenth, twentieth, and twenty-first) humanity has been facing huge political and ideological conflicts, especially wars. For these reasons, it was seen how necessary it was to create global institutions that aimed to promote peace and reduce or stop conflicts of this magnitude. Therefore, an international institution had already brought on its premises the principles of international peace and reconciliation through sport: the International Olympic Committee (IOC). However, despite bringing together nations around peaceful ties in an international competition, the IOC and the Olympic Games event have always been affected by constant conflicts along their path in the twentieth century, emphasizing issues involving nationalities. Thereby, in a mediator posture of international conflicts and in an effort to reduce the subversions that surrounded it, the IOC, in the 1990s, created the delegation of Independent Olympic Athletes. Such a delegation consists of athletes who cannot represent their respective nationalities at the Olympics due to political factors and/or armament conflicts. This proposal of the IOC demonstrates its posture to avoid, minimize, and even cease ideological and political events that might interfere with the Olympics Games or the athletes participating in them. 相似文献
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Stephen R. Wenn 《国际体育史杂志》2015,32(1):157-171
Interest in staging the Olympic Games waned in cities across the world in the 1970s, given the intrusion of world geo-politics on recent festivals and the exploding costs of staging them. In running the show in Los Angeles, Peter Ueberroth prioritised pre-existing facilities, a new and more profitable means of affiliating corporate sponsors with an organising committee, and maximising revenue from television rights negotiations. His success encouraged cities to re-enter the bidding for Olympic festivals, and when combined with initiatives launched by the International Olympic Committee's (IOC) President, Juan Antonio Samaranch, brighter days for the IOC lay ahead in the 1980s and 1990s. Yet, Ueberroth's legacy was not well managed ultimately by Samaranch, who permitted the enhanced competition among bid cities, and the behaviour of bid officials and some of his own members to endanger the IOC's reputation and autonomy, highlighted notably by the Salt Lake City scandal. Last, in light of the cost of the Olympic festivals in Beijing and Sochi, and its dampening effect on the current host city bidding environment, it seems wise for the IOC and future bid cities to re-visit the Ueberroth model for lessons in cost containment, and like Ueberroth, exhibit a willingness to explore novel, more cost-effective means for cities to host the Olympic Games. 相似文献
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对二战后奥林匹克组织体系变革的特点进行了描述和分析。布伦戴奇时期,奥林匹克“三大支柱”组织体系出现了分裂,国际奥委会与国际单项体育联合会和国家奥委会之间出现了冲突与矛盾,打破了原有的关系机制。萨马兰奇时期,与布伦戴奇时期截然相反：首先,在奥林匹克组织体系内部,国际奥委会与国际单项体育联合会和国家奥委会形成了一个紧密、有效的合作体系,重新巩固了奥林匹克的三大支柱的组织体系。其次,在奥林匹克组织体系外的国际体育舞台上,国际奥委会还与其他一些与奥林匹克运动关系不十分密切的国际体育组织建立联系。最后,在国际社会的大舞台上,国际奥委会为了使奥林匹克运动能真正地融入国际社会,分别与政府间国际组织和非政府间国际组织、跨国公司都建立了联系。 相似文献
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Tennis featured in every Olympics from 1896 to 1924, after which disagreements between the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF) on matters pertaining to organisational control and the amateur eligibility of players led to tennis being removed from the Olympic Games as a full-medal event until the 1988 Seoul Olympics. This paper traces the steps of the sport’s reinstatement, from when efforts commenced in the 1950s, setting this development in the contexts of: broader political movements, shifting IOC leadership, burgeoning commercialisation of Olympic sport, the concomitant push for professionalisation and the declining influence of amateur ideals within both the Olympic movement and international tennis. Under the leadership of the amateur stalwart Avery Brundage, the IOC stymied attempts to facilitate tennis’s re-entry, challenging both the ILTF on failing to deal with widespread ‘sham-amateur’ practices and the avaricious promoters luring amateur players toward the professional ranks. Brundage and the IOC also strongly condemned the move to ‘open’ tennis and an acceptance of full-blown professionalism. Only a change in leadership, firstly with Lord Killanin and then the progressive reformer Juan Antonio Samaranch, did the IOC recognise the value of tennis within the Olympic movement, which by then had itself become increasingly money-oriented. 相似文献