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1.
This study examines the organizational knowledge creation processes in two highly virtual teams involved in new product development projects in the automotive industry. Using Nonaka's model of knowledge creation, we explore how the virtualization of knowledge-based processes, i.e. the intensive exploitation of information and communication technologies (ICTs), has led to new forms of knowledge creation at both the individual and organizational levels. In contrast to previous studies that identify knowledge codification as the main contribution of ICTs, this study provides detailed micro-level evidence about the ability of virtual technologies to support the transfer and the creation of new knowledge – both explicit and tacit – and offers some implications for scholars and practitioners. 相似文献
2.
Collaborative information seeking is integral to many professional activities. In hospital work, the medication process encompasses continual seeking for information and collaborative grounding of information. This study investigates breakdowns in collaborative information seeking through analyses of the use of the electronic medication record adopted in a Danish healthcare region and of the reports of 5 years of medication incidents at Danish hospitals. The results show that breakdowns in collaborative information seeking is a major source of medication incidents, that most of these breakdowns are breakdowns in collaborative grounding rather than information seeking, that the medication incidents mainly concern breakdowns in the use of records as opposed to oral communication, that the breakdowns span multiple degrees of separation between clinicians, and that the electronic medication record has introduced risks of new kinds of breakdown in collaborative information seeking. In working to prevent and recover from breakdowns in the seeking and sharing of information a focus on collaborative information seeking will point toward collaborative, organizational, and systemic reasons for breakdown and areas for improvement, rather than toward individual error. 相似文献
3.
Elizabeth Yakel 《The Information Society》2001,17(4):233-245
Record-keeping practices are a central means by which organizations demonstrate accountability. These practices, though, are socially constructed and owe as much to organizational or professional cultural and ethical norms as to laws or procedural manuals. This article discusses accountability as a social construction situated in a specific spatial, temporal, and social setting; specifically, it details a qualitative study of radiological reading rooms. This research focuses on the preparation of one form of documentary evidence, the radiological report. Major findings include the need to think about accountability in the plural. Multiple accountabilities exist in both record-keeping processes and the records themselves. Sustaining and balancing these accountabilities can be difficult and can lead to compromises. Furthermore, accountabilities are the result of an iterative process between the individual and organizational levels that is required to make accountability robust and make it work. 相似文献
4.
Public sector information management in east and southern Africa: Implications for FOI, democracy and integrity in government 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sound management of information contained in records and other information systems in the public sector is the sine qua non of democratic governance. For effective access to government held information, Freedom of Information (FOI) legislations impose significant duties and responsibilities on public authorities to give access to information. FOI legislation is premised on the principle that effective records management enables authorities to enforce wider government agenda to increase openness, transparency, trust and accountability in the public sector. Effective access, management and exploitation of official information are the means by which governments can demonstrate accountability and transparency in the use of public resources, expose corruption and fraud, protect citizens’ rights, as well as improve overall service delivery to citizens.This paper reviews management of public sector information contained in records and implications for enhancing freedom of access to information, democracy and integrity in governments within east and southern Africa. The authors point out that as democracy and good governance gain momentum especially in developing world, governments in east and southern Africa have one critical factor that is yet to receive adequate attention, namely the role played by information management in enhancing democracy, transparency, accountability and integrity in government. Besides, though constitutions of most east and southern African countries provide for the right and freedom of access to information as a tool to enhance democracy and good governance, state interference from time to time hampers such rights and freedoms to be exercised. The authors proffer the way forward for east and southern Africa. 相似文献
5.
Valerie A. J. Frissen 《The Information Society》2000,16(1):65-75
In the Netherlands, many women have entered the labor market in the last two decades. This development - among other social changes - has resulted in substantial shifts in the time that Dutch people spend on paid labor and "caring tasks" on the one hand and leisure activities on the other hand. This task combination has caused serious time pressure and coordination problems among dual-income families with children. Therefore, it is not an exaggeration to label this stage of life as the "rush hour of life". In this article the findings of a small-scale qualitative case study among these "busy" households are presented. The objective of this study is to describe and analyze patterns of acceptance and use of information and communication technologies (ICTs), especially telecommunication technologies, in the context of the everyday life of these households. The question is raised whether ICTs can be a solution to time pressure and coordination problems. Theoretically, the research is rooted in a user-oriented perspective toward technological innovation, developed in the United Kingdom by Silverstone, Haddon, and others, which understands the incorporation of ICTs into the everyday life of households as a "domestication process". A paradoxical conclusion of this study is that ICTs are not explicitly perceived as solutions to the communication and coordination problems these households experience in everyday life, although they are being used for solving these problems. This ambiguity seems characteristic for the acceptance of ICTs in everyday life. The domestication concept is a useful concept to describe these ambivalent and paradoxical processes of (non)acceptance and use. 相似文献
6.
This paper deals with the broad concept of management of organizational information. More specifically, it examines the notion of information richness—that phenomenon by which certain individuals are better able to acquire, process and utilize information than are other individuals in the organization. Based on an analysis of relevant research findings some tentative hypotheses relating management and organizational information richness are suggested. In conclusion, a number of managerial implications of the notion of organizational information richness are discussed. 相似文献
7.
The paper outlines a new interpretation of informational privacy and of its moral value. The main theses defended are: (a)
informational privacy is a function of the ontological friction in the infosphere, that is, of the forces that oppose the
information flow within the space of information; (b) digital ICTs (information and communication technologies) affect the
ontological friction by changing the nature of the infosphere (re-ontologization); (c) digital ICTs can therefore both decrease
and protect informational privacy but, most importantly, they can also alter its nature and hence our understanding and appreciation
of it; (d) a change in our ontological perspective, brought about by digital ICTs, suggests considering each person as being
constituted by his or her information and hence regarding a breach of one’s informational privacy as a form of aggression
towards one’s personal identity. 相似文献
8.
综合考虑组织沟通与管理控制方式对战略变化速度的潜在影响,以及组织沟通对企业管理控制方式的影响,研究了通过信息沟通与控制措施来管理战略变化速度问题。基于组织理论和战略管理理论,提出了信息沟通、管理控制与战略变化速度之间关系的概念模型与相关假设,并通过585家国内企业调查数据进行了实证检验。结果表明,信息沟通有利于战略变化的快速实施,重视信息沟通的企业往往会同时采用战略控制与财务控制;而官僚型企业则更倾向于采用财务控制;战略控制会妨碍战略变化的快速实施,而财务控制会促进战略变化的快速实施。 相似文献
9.
《International Journal of Information Management》2017,37(2):54-62
The focus of this work arises from two needs within information science literature: (1) to understand more, from an empirically driven perspective, about the increasingly visible yet understudied mobile work population, and (2) to address more clearly, from a theoretical standpoint, the ways in which information and communication technologies (ICTs) mediate the work practices of these mobile workers. Drawing on the affordance perspective, this research goes beyond simplistic conceptualizations of technological effects to explore the roles of multiple ICTs in enabling mobile knowledge work. In this paper, the use of ICTs in mobilizing information practices and the ways in which ICTs generate affordances along different mobility dimensions (spatial, temporal, contextual, and social) are examined. The empirical base of this research is a field of study of 33 mobile knowledge workers (MKWs); broadly, it focuses on the ways they employ ICTs to accomplish work in dynamic and unpredictable work conditions. 相似文献
10.
Feng Li 《International Journal of Information Management》1997,17(6):451-464
Using the evidence gathered from 22 large firms in the UK since 1990, this paper highlights a radical change in a basic rule of organisational design: “from compromise to harmony”. Most existing organisational designs are based on a series of compromises (for instance, between central control and empowerment, or between spatial separation and process integration). Conventional organisational reforms have tended to change the balance between these compromises, and the improvement of one aspect often happens at the expense of the other. However, some recent evidence suggests that information and communication technologies (ICTs) can be used to resolve such compromises, and an organisation today can become more decentralised with improved central control, for example. This change can have profound implications for the future form of organisations. The paper goes on to argue that organisational redesign through ICTs should be treated explicitly as an emerging field of inquiry, and it will provide the basis for a new generation of organisational theories for the information economy. To fulfil this challenging task, at least three types of research are needed. 相似文献
11.
Llewellyn C.M. Tang Yuyang Zhao Simon Austin Mansur Darlington Steve Culley 《International Journal of Information Management》2010
In the emerging digital economy, the management of information in aerospace and construction organisations is facing a particular challenge due to the ever-increasing volume of information and the extensive use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). This paper addresses the problems of information overload and the value of information in both industries by providing some cross-disciplinary insights. In particular it identifies major issues and challenges in the current information evaluation practice in these two industries. Interviews were conducted to get a spectrum of industrial perspectives (director/strategic, project management and ICT/document management) on these issues in particular to information storage and retrieval strategies and the contrasting approaches to knowledge and information management of personalisation and codification. Industry feedback was collected by a follow-up workshop to strengthen the findings of the research. An information-handling agenda is outlined for the development of a future Information Evaluation Methodology (IEM) which could facilitate the practice of the codification of high-value information in order to support through-life knowledge and information management (K&IM) practice. 相似文献
12.
《International Journal of Information Management》2016,36(1):9-15
Good information and records management is assumed to promote organizational efficiency. Despite established management regimes and available technology, many organizations still consider information and records management challenging. The reason may be cultural factors. This study based on a literature review, aims to explore the academic discourse on information culture and to discuss its relevance for records management. The findings show that the concept information culture is used in various ways: as an explanatory framework; as an analytical and evaluative tool; or as normative standard. The research on information culture addresses several areas: business performance, systems implementation, the manifestation of information culture in different organizations, and a few concerns records management practices. The research settings and the objects of study varied, why general conclusions are difficult to draw, but often a positive correlation between culture and performance is assumed. The focus has been on how information is used, shared and disseminated, while the production and management, that is the vital object of records management, has with few exceptions been neglected. If information culture should fully function as an analytical framework concerning records management, a widened and more inclusive conceptualization is required, which also will enrich information culture as a theoretical concept. 相似文献
13.
Clarke CE 《Public understanding of science (Bristol, England)》2011,20(5):609-626
When reporting health risks, the news media are often criticized for omitting "mobilizing" information that allows readers to act on existing attitudes. Using American and British newspaper coverage of the autism-vaccine controversy as a case study, this article takes a "behind the scenes" look at normative pressures that may influence whether such information appears in coverage. In particular, can holding health officials accountable for their actions potentially "crowd out" mobilizing information? A content analysis suggests that mobilizing information (at least one of four examples) was present in only 16% of articles, compared to 38% that mentioned accountability messages (at least one of two examples). US newspapers were significantly more likely to mention at least one mobilization example. Finally, although only 11% discussed both, articles were more likely to discuss certain mobilizing and accountability examples together. Implications for journalism ethics and vaccine risk communication are discussed. 相似文献
14.
Information technology is often seen by decision makers as a progressive measure for promoting public-sector financial accountability. One of the key assumptions is that electronic access to information increases transparency and thus, automatically, accountability. This linkage is overly simplified. There is potential conflict between the objectives of providing efficient access on the one hand and supporting accountability on the other.In Sub-Saharan Africa, financial functions were among the first to be automated. More recently, information technology is being used to control and decentralize financial systems. The improvement in financial accountability has yet to materialize. Evidence of this includes instances where corruption and thefts of state assets have gone unchecked. Many efforts to strengthen financial controls fail because the fundamental structures needed to underpin them are often overlooked; this includes record keeping. 相似文献
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16.
The Family Technology Resource Centers (FTRC) Program consists of 14 community technology centers operated by the DeKalb County School System (DCSS) in Atlanta, GA. The model program is an outreach and technology diffusion initiative developed and maintained by the DCSS to encourage the use and awareness of information and communication technologies (ICTs) by underserved populations. A narrative assessment was generated using a qualitative approach based on researchers' direct observations of day-to-day operations, interviews conducted with key stakeholders, and review and analysis of official internal and external documents detailing program elements. The FTRC's successful efforts are tied to a combination of an environment "suitable" for change, the participation and "buy-in" of key stakeholders with a shared set of objectives, and the ability of key change agents both internally and externally to draw upon resources to "leverage" a digital divide policy initiative. 相似文献
17.
建设国家技术创新中心是“十三五”时期我国优化国家科研基地和平台布局的重要举措。通过对英国弹射中心网络、英国高价值制造弹射中心建设的经验分析和个案研究发现,英国弹射中心建设取得阶段性成功的重要经验是：弹射中心角色定位明确、职能聚焦;组成机构综合性强、代表性高;运营机构实体化、组织架构标准化和工作人员专职化。我国国家技术创新中心建设可从中获得五个重要启示,一是在国家层面明确负责机构,加强顶层设计和统筹协调;二是减少管理层级,改革管理模式;三是瞄准职能定位,创新运行机制;四是严格控制数量,加大支持力度;五是加强信息化建设,注重公开透明和开放交流。 相似文献
18.
针对科技创新团队成员个性、价值观差异、沟通不良和竞争等冲突表现形式,基于因组织结构功能缺陷,团队价值观差异,沟通不畅,个人目标与团队目标、个人与团队文化、个人利益与团队利益等差异引起的冲突以及建设性冲突,围绕团队成员、团队构造和团队的内外部环境三方面改进创新最佳状态,从而促进科技创新团队创新,构建基于冲突机理的创新最佳状态,为科技创新团队的创新发展提供可行性对策。 相似文献
19.
知识集成在企业已经得到成功的运用,取得了较大的经济和社会效益,已经引起了项目管理界的高度关注。知识集成以及组织知识集成能力已是特大型科技(工程)项目迫切解决的关键问题,目前处于刚刚起步阶段。论文以特大型科技(工程)项目组织知识集成优化能力模型为主要研究对象,深刻分析了知识获取、知识转化、知识应用等特大型科技(工程)项目知识集成过程,并引入知识"场"分析其对知识共享的作用机理,以及信息技术、组织氛围、领导支持等特大型科技(工程)项目知识集成影响环境,建立了特大型科技(工程)项目组织知识集成优化能力模型。该模型对于特大型科技(工程)项目如期实施,优化工程项目的资源,提高项目管理的成功率具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
20.
吸收能力是如何从个体层次上升到组织层次的，一直是理论关注的焦点。与既往研究采取相对静态的解释视角不同，本研究基于个体间互动的视角，提出个体间知识共享是由个体吸收能力向组织吸收能力演化的中介变量，通过运用275家企业数据的实证检验，本研究部分证实了这一假设。同时，实证结果还表明，知识交流平台和组织共同愿景正向影响个体间知识共享绩效，组织决策集中化程度负向影响组织吸收能力。本研究在理论上揭示了由个体吸收能力向组织吸收能力演化的内在机制，研究结论对于指导企业提升吸收能力具有现实指导意义。 相似文献