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为探明组织双元性对企业生态创新的促进作用及其具体影响机制,结合领导型双元、结构型双元和情境型双元3种组织双元类型,探讨不同类型的组织双元性对企业生态创新的影响机制以及环境动态性对其关系的调节作用.基于650家企业问卷调查数据的研究表明,领导型双元和结构型双元对于企业生态创新具有显著正向影响,但情境型双元的影响不显著,结构型双元在领导型双元和企业生态创新之间起着中介作用,环境动态性正向调节结构型双元与企业生态创新的关系以及结构型双元的中介作用.根据研究结论,提出构建组织双元性是有序推进企业生态创新的重要保障,实现领导型双元是整合不同类型组织双元性的前提,建立结构型双元是促进企业生态创新的重要途径. 相似文献
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由于当前组织环境的复杂性、多样性和动态性特征,悖论引起了管理学者的重视。探索与利用是企业创新中的悖论,情境型双元是个体认知层次上管理探索与利用悖论的有效方式。文章通过系统梳理Web of Science中的相关文献,在辨析探索与利用悖论关系和双元概念的基础上,提出了双元的三个内涵,分别为适应外部变动的环境、使探索与利用在高水平上共存、通过探索与利用的相对平衡与交互作用获得组织的灵活性。归纳并比较了双元的实现路径,发现时序型双元和结构型双元是对立与冲突视角下对探索与利用的权衡,而情境型双元是悖论视角下对探索与利用的平衡,情境型双元是实现多层次和嵌套型双元的基础。此外,文章系统分析了情境型双元的五个前因,分别为人力资源实践、组织文化、高管团队行为整合、智力资本和组织情境。文章拓展了对探索与利用悖论和双元的认知,展现了情境型双元的演化路径、理论全貌和实现机理,帮助企业解决创新困境。 相似文献
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An impressive literature documents how individual-level factors correlate with entrepreneurship and commercialization behaviors. We have far less insight, however, into how different organizational contexts may, in fact, play a dominant role in shaping these individuals and their behaviors. In this paper, I leverage a unique case of commercialization in which a largely overlapping team attempted to commercialize a technology in two different organizational contexts – first, in a university and later in a startup firm. By detailing the contextual features in each organizational environment and by linking these features to the participants’ differing approaches and attitudes toward commercialization, I extend the current literature through a demonstration of how organizational context shapes not only the initial decision to become an entrepreneur, but also the specific ways in which individuals interpret and act upon an entrepreneurial mission. More generally, I contribute to the literature on the commercialization of university research by highlighting some of the challenges inherent in adapting a context optimized for exploration to the task of exploitation. 相似文献
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Academics or entrepreneurs? Investigating role identity modification of university scientists involved in commercialization activity 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Establishing the microfoundations of academic entrepreneurship requires closer scrutiny of a key actor contributing to this phenomenon—the university scientist. We investigate the sense-making that scientists engage in as part of their participation in technology transfer and postulate that this process involves a potential modification in their role identity. We analyzed more than 70 h of interview data at a premier U.S. public research university. We observe that scientists invoke rationales for involvement that are congruent with their academic role identity. They typically adopt a hybrid role identity that comprises a focal academic self and a secondary commercial persona. We delineate two mechanisms – delegating and buffering – that these individuals deploy to facilitate such salience in their hybrid role identity. Overall, these patterns suggest that university scientists take active steps to preserve their academic role identity even as they participate in technology transfer. Our findings clarify the social psychological processes underlying scientist involvement in commercialization activity, and offer fresh insights to the academic entrepreneurship, science policy and role identity literatures. 相似文献
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Much past research on commercialization activities by university scientists and engineers has focused on the role of resources in the extra-organizational commercialization environment, such as the availability of venture capital funding. By contrast, our theoretical and empirical interest was in intra-organizational dynamics impacting the context in which scientists and engineers work. Drawing upon organizational psychology literature on the construct of organizational climate, we posited that researchers working in an intra-organizational climate that supports commercialization and encourages intra-organizational boundary-spanning will be more likely to produce invention disclosures and patents. Our data from 218 respondents at 21 engineering research centers was both multi-method (i.e., qualitative data from interviews, longitudinal archival data, and survey data) and multi-level. Our results showed that an organizational climate characterized by support for commercialization predicted invention disclosures one year later and an organizational climate characterized by boundary-spanning predicted patent awards two years later. 相似文献
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A national systems view of university entrepreneurialism: Inferences from comparison of the German and US experience 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Examining parallels in the long-term evolution of the German and US university systems, this paper formulates hypotheses about the rise and decline of university entrepreneurialism at the national level. Three macro-level antecedents of university entrepreneurialism are identified: (1) decentralized competition; (2) latitude in mission and revenue mix; (3) a nationwide, diversified bidding system for the funding of large-scale university-based research. Of these, the third is real lynchpin of university entrepreneurialism. Arguing for a multidimensional understanding of such entrepreneurialism (i.e. beyond just the commercialization of scientific discoveries), the paper identifies three developments within universities emanating from a favorable national environment: (1) organizational innovations for achieving economies of scope; (2) an institutionalized capacity for strategic selection of research foci; and (3) a capacity to contribute to the development of new industries. The analysis suggests that as national university systems grow and run into cost containment problems, political pressures for reform increase, leading to system homogenization; system homogenization weakens the contextual sources of entrepreneurialism and triggers a process of decline. 相似文献
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企业如何采用不同策略来管理外部资源依赖,以及在何种条件下不同的策略及其组合能够降低外部资源依赖？通过识别两种既矛盾又相互关联的响应策略：缓冲与联结,引入组织双元性视角,以2011-2013年946家上市公司的数据,检验了缓冲、联结与双元策略对资源依赖的影响,以及环境特征的权变效应。结果表明,缓冲与联结是企业响应资源依赖的有效策略,并依赖于环境丰裕度,即高丰裕环境下,联结更为有效;低丰裕环境下,缓冲则更为有效;顺序双元策略(先缓冲-后联结)降低企业对外部的资源依赖,但同时双元策略的使用依赖于外部环境特征,即同时双元策略在低丰裕环境下更能够帮助企业降低资源依赖。这些研究发现提供了对企业管理资源依赖的综合理解。 相似文献
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结合逆向国际化企业的特征,从网络嵌入和知识源利用两个维度解构该类企业的创新搜索策略,并结合战略匹配理论探讨了两种创新搜索平衡模式（国内聚焦和国外多源搜索、国内多源和国外聚焦搜索）对组织双元性的差异性影响,以及因果与效果推理在其中的调节效应。采用多元层次回归的方法对245家企业问卷数据进行实证检验,研究发现：（1）两种搜索模式对组织双元性都具有正向影响;（2）因果推理和效果推理均负向调节上述关系;（3）整合因果和效果推理能够增强国内多源和国外聚焦搜索平衡对组织双元性的影响,而对国内聚焦和国外多源搜索平衡与双元性的正向调节作用仅得到部分验证。研究结果进一步深化了整合决策理性作用下创新搜索平衡对组织双元性构建的作用机理的认识,为逆向国际化企业创新实践提供了新思路。 相似文献
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大学衍生企业作为科研成果商业化的主要途径,其成长性一直是国内外学术界研究的热点问题。本文基于角色认同视角,以203家中国大学衍生企业为研究样本,通过问卷调查并利用结构方程模型实证检验了学者创业角色、创业导向以及大学衍生企业创业绩效之间的关系,研究结果表明：（1）学者创业角色促进了衍生企业创业绩效的提升;（2）学者创业角色对创业导向产生了积极作用;（3）创业导向对学者创业角色与衍生企业创业绩效之间的关系具有部分中介作用。 相似文献
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构建一个有调节的中介模型,分析组织忘记对企业二元创新平衡的影响,以及战略柔性和企业规模在以上关系中所起的中介和调节作用,并通过271份有效的问卷调查数据进行实证检验。运用SPSSPROCESS宏程序(3.3版本)进行回归分析,发现组织忘记对企业二元创新平衡的直接效应和间接效应同时存在,战略柔性的两个维度-资源柔性和协调柔性在二者之间均起到中介作用,企业规模在组织忘记与战略柔性的两个维度间起着调节作用。研究结果不仅为二元创新平衡的研究开辟了新的视角,同时对中国企业提升二元创新平衡具有现实指导意义。 相似文献
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理论上仅指出了组织双元思想在国际化战略实施中的重要性,而对于国际化双元是否以及在什么条件下影响创新绩效缺乏系统思考。整合组织双元与国际化理论,研究了国际化双元的平衡维度和联合维度对于创新绩效的影响,以及内部竞争强度和外部竞争强度的调节效应。基于227家制造企业的问卷调查,发现国际化双元的平衡和联合对创新绩效具有正向影响,内部竞争强度负向调节国际化双元与创新绩效的关系,而外部竞争强度正向调节这一关系。研究结论实证支持了国际化双元的理论构想,深化了国际化双元理论框架。 相似文献
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基于动态能力理论,借鉴"投入-过程-产出"范式,本文构建了"组织控制--组织双元--组织创造力"的概念模型,分析了三者之间的作用关系。运用283份有效问卷,对所提出的研究假设进行了验证。研究结果表明,组织双元的联合对于组织创造力的提升具有积极的促进作用,在资源有限的条件下,过分强调组织的双元学习平衡反而不利于组织创造力的发展;结果控制和过程控制不仅对组织创造力具有直接的正向影响,而且会通过组织双元平衡和双元联合对组织创造力产生不同的影响。研究结论对于指导我国中小企业的创造战略实施具有一定的实践意义。 相似文献
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There is a paucity of knowledge on research commercialization by university scientists worldwide. The objective of this paper is to identify the role that Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs) and direct Industrial Funding play in university research commercialization in transition economies of Azerbaijan, Belarus and Kazakhstan during 2015–2017. We do this by developing a novel database and a multi-level model which explains how individual attributes, organizational and ecosystem characteristics explain the extent of knowledge commercialization.We apply the generalized Heckman approach to account for two selection biases, reducing the sample from 2602 to 272 scientists, and further use a mixed-method approach to analyse 27 face-to-face interviews with researchers and TTO managers. The results demonstrate that research commercialization is not associated with the existence and awareness of TTO or the establishment of commercialization contracts via TTO, but the direct industrial funding of university research. Taken together the findings have clear implications for scholars, scientific entrepreneurs, TTOs and investors who aim to exploit university knowledge in transition economies. 相似文献
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The concept of regional technology spill-overs created by university research is one of the most enduring theories within the economic geography and innovation management fields. This article introduces an alternative perspective on academic commercialization, arguing that the quality of a university's regional environment can significantly impact a university's success in commercializing science. Recent research on university technology transfer stresses the importance of personal contacts between academic and industry scientists in driving commercialization. The social structure of the regional economy in which a university is embedded will strongly influence the density of contacts linking university scientists with individuals in industry, and through doing so, impact the density of networks through which university knowledge can be commercialized. Social network analysis is used to examine the quality of social ties linking industry and university scientists within the San Francisco and Los Angeles California biotechnology industries over the 1980–2005 period. Results support the theory that the existence of strong social networks linking inventors heightens university commercialization output. Despite similar university research endowments, universities in San Francisco have dramatically commercialization outputs than San Francisco, which is correlated with the existence of cohesive inventor networks linking industry and university scientists in this region, but not Los Angeles. Moreover, longitudinal analysis shows that the commercialization output of San Francisco universities increased substantially starting in the early 1990s, the time period in which cohesive inventor networks emerged in the region. 相似文献
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产品创新是一个“发明+商业化”的过程。为得到较高的产品创新绩效,企业不仅需要良好的新产品开发绩效（发明）做支撑,还需要在新产品的商业化过程中,具有相匹配的创新成果转化绩效。基于此,文章以知识基础观和理性行为理论为理论基础,探讨企业新产品开发绩效与创新成果转化绩效之间的偏离,即产品创新绩效偏离对双元学习平衡和互补的影响,并引入企业家导向这一企业产品创新过程中的关键情境要素,分析其对偏离和双元学习平衡或互补之间关系的调节作用。利用国内257家制造业企业的有效问卷数据检验理论模型,研究结果显示：（1）偏离负向影响双元学习的平衡,正向影响其互补;（2）当企业的新产品开发绩效大于或等于创新成果转化绩效,即偏离为正时,企业家导向加强了正偏离与双元学习平衡之间的负向关系,削弱了正偏离与双元学习互补之间的正向关系;（3）当企业的新产品开发绩效小于创新成果转化绩效,即偏离为负时,企业家导向削弱了负偏离与双元学习平衡之间的负向关系,加强了负偏离与双元学习互补之间的正向关系。 相似文献
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本研究旨在探讨组织双元化构筑竞争优势的过程、特征与原因。本文以联想研发组织为案例研究对象,打开了中国研发组织双元化构筑竞争优势的"黑箱",揭示了其构筑过程、特征、结果与演化路径,总结了组织双元化演化的过程模型,并从外部利益相关者——全球化竞争对手并购的角度,分析了复杂嵌套组织的双元化促进"以小并大"企业的融合,补充与丰富了组织双元化的理论体系,弥补了现有研究忽略企业外部利益相关者视角的不足。研究发现联想全球化成功的原因在于其复杂嵌套组织的双元化,并由此获得了竞争优势。本文也分析了联想吸收能力单极化的问题。实践意义在于指导中国企业通过研发组织双元化,获得可持续发展的创新能力与竞争优势。 相似文献