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1.
Modeling on flash flood disaster induced by bed load 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Flash floods result from a complex interaction among hydro-meteorological, hydrological, and hydraulic processes across various
spatial and temporal scales. Sichuan Province suffers flash floods frequently owing to mountain weather and topography. A
flash flood and gravel bed load transport are two key relative problems in mountain river engineering. Bed materials are often
encountered in alternate scouring and deposition in mountain fluvial processes during a flash flood. In this circumstance,
CRS-1 bed load numerical model jointly with scale physical model is employed to predict water level and gravel bed scour and
deposition for design of flood control dykes and flash flood disaster mitigation. A case study on the mechanism of a flash
flood disaster induced by bed load transport for a hydropower station in Sichuan Province is conducted. Finally, suggestions
to protect the hydropower station are proposed.
Supported by the key project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50739002).
CAO Shuyou, born in 1945, male, Dr, Prof. 相似文献
2.
The optimal evacuation scheme is studied based on the dam-break flood numerical simulation. A threedimensional dam-break mathematical model combined with the volume of fluid (VOF) method is adopted. According to the hydraulic information obtained from numerical simulation and selecting principles of evacuation emergency scheme, evacuation route analysis model is proposed, which consists of the road right model and random degree model. The road right model is used to calculate the consumption time in roads, and the random degree model is used to judge whether the roads are blocked. Then the shortest evacuation route is obtained based on Dijstra algorithm. Gongming Reservoir located in Shenzhen is taken as a case to study. The results show that industrial area Ⅰ is flooded at 2 500 s, and after 5 500 s, most of industrial area Ⅱ is submerged. The Hushan, Loucun Forest and Chaishan are not flooded around industrial area Ⅰand Ⅱ. Based on the above analysis, the optimal evacuation scheme is determined. 相似文献
3.
Jun-qiang Xia Peng Guo Mei-rong Zhou Roger A. Falconer Zeng-hui Wang Qian Chen 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2018,19(11):864-877
Extreme floods often occur in the middle Yangtze River. The Jingjiang flood diversion zone needs to be operated during these events to protect the safety of the levees along the Jingjiang Reach. Therefore, it is important to be able to predict the potential flood risks to people and property in such an area for the purpose of flood management. In this study, an integrated numerical model for estimating the flood risks in a flood diversion zone is proposed, including a module for predicting the 2D hydrodynamic processes of flood inundation in a study area with complex topography, and a special module for estimating the flood risks to people (children and adults) and property (vehicles, buildings, and crops) using newly developed safety criteria. The proposed model was used to predict the flood inundation process and variation in hazard degrees of people and property, based on a hypothetical discharge hydrograph during the operation of the Jingjiang flood diversion zone. The model predictions show high flood loss rates for various flooded objects such as people, vehicles, buildings, and crops, with a mean loss rate for these subjects of 75% after 140 h. This suggests that the operation of a flood diversion zone should be cautiously considered, as it would likely result in a huge loss of people and property. Furthermore, an investigation was conducted into the effects of different roughness coefficients and people stability criteria on the model predictions. The results show that variable Manning’s roughness coefficients need to be used in the hydrodynamic module according to different underlying surface conditions, and a mechanics-based criterion for the stability of people in floodwaters should be adopted to assess the potential hazard degrees. 相似文献
4.
目前,中国有一部分小流域的监测资料并不完全,很多地方甚至完全缺乏一些基本数据。因此,本课题组以土门西沟小流域为例,采用SCS模型,利用已知的降雨数据,对径流量进行模拟,并把模拟结果与实测结果做比较,来检测该模型是否在该流域适用,以期为无资料地区水文预测等工作提供相关参考。 相似文献
5.
海南省森林遭受破坏后,洪涝干旱、台风危害以及水士流失等现象日益严重.本文针对海南省的实际情况,认为对开展热带森林水文学的研究应从林区水量平蘅、森林水分涵蓄功能和森林水文区划等三个方面进行探讨。 相似文献
6.
2004-2008年度《CNKI中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库》收录了2178篇教育技术学硕士学位论文,针对这些论文中的3853个关键词,运用词对关键词、相对词频统计和理论词对关键词矩阵方法等进行统计分析发现：近5年我国教育技术学研究热点是：信息技术、教学设计、网络课程、教育技术学基本理论等。总体来说,教育技术学的研究领域尚未形成某一方面的研究群体,研究的深度还不够;还有一些研究空白,需要研究者关注。 相似文献
7.
Floods are both risks and resources. Floodwater utilization is an important part of flood management. Considering the rising shortage of water resources, serious water pollution, and undersupply of electric power, it＇s imperative to strengthen flood management. In light of the hydrological characteristics of the Three Gorges Project （TGP） on the Yangtze River in P. R. China, we investigated the necessity and feasibility of TGP floodwater utilization, proprosed dynamic control of limited water level during flood season of the reservoir and basin-wide integrated floodwater management as strategies, and identified problems that might occur in practice. 相似文献
8.
王娜 《通化师范学院学报》2007,28(10):23-24,43
该文研制的系统包括用户操控界面、数据库接口、虚拟现实与可视化仿真平台等模块,能够通过与水文水情数据库进行交互得到相关数据来进行虚拟现实及准确再现和预演洪水演进过程.采用面向对象的编程语言VC ,结合OpenGL的可视化编程环境建立了洪水演进仿真系统,为三维地形仿真和洪水演进模拟提供一个可操作分析的虚拟环境.运用可视化方法描述了河道地形及流场显示,包括洪水警示以及相关功能查询. 相似文献
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10.
笔者首先介绍了我国尾矿库的基本特点,总结了存在的主要问题,然后从管理、模型研究、数值计算、溃坝机理四个方面对目前尾矿库安全问题的研究情况进行了分析及评价,最后提出了一些今后应该注重发展的方向。 相似文献
11.
Application of developed Grid-GA distributed hydrologic model in semi-humid and semi-arid basin 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A grid and Green-Ampt based(Grid-GA)distributed hydrologic physical model was developed for flood simulation and forecasting in semi-humid and semi-arid basin. Based on topographical information of each grid cell extracted from the digital elevation model (DEM) and Green-Ampt infiltration method, the Grid-GA model takes into consideration the redistribution of water content, and consists of vegetation and root interception, evapotranspiration, runoff generation via the excess infiltration mechanism, runoff concentration, and flow routing. The downslope redistribution of soil moisture is explicitly calculated on a grid basis, and water exchange among grids within runoff routing along the river drainage networks is taken into consideration. The proposed model and Xin’anjiang model were applied to the upper Lushi basin in the Luohe River, a tributary of the Yellow River, with an area of 4 716 km2 for flood simulation. Results show that both models perform well in flood simulation and can be used for flood forecasting in semi-humid and semi-arid region. 相似文献
12.
1954年江淮水灾与社会救济 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
刘长生 《安庆师范学院学报(社会科学版)》2008,27(4):63-66
1954年春夏江淮地区发生长时间、高强度、大范围降雨,形成百年罕见流域性洪灾,堤毁物没,损失甚重。水灾发生后,政府部门迅速行动,紧急组织抗灾、救灾,转移、安置灾民,发放物质补给,开展医疗卫生工作;民众也积极参与抗洪斗争,开展生产自救。与旧社会灾荒时的物价飞涨、瘟疫蔓延、流民四散相比,该次水灾景象迥异,究其原因主要得益于新中国成立之始就努力构建的防灾、减灾体系及强有力的抗灾、救灾体系。 相似文献
13.
刘小平 《杨凌职业技术学院学报》2013,(3):26-29,34
刘家河水文站上游是北洛河暴雨的多发地区,刘家河水文站的洪水主要来自吴旗、志丹水文站断面以上占85%,洪水从上游向下游演进时,递增的洪水占到77.5%;吴旗、志丹两个水文站同时涨水的机率较大为80.0%,但两站洪峰遭遇的可能性基本没有,一站洪峰与另一站洪水过程的峰前或峰后叠加的机率为47.5%;刘家河水文站洪水有三种组合方式,干流来水型洪水占35.0%,支流来水型洪水占17.5%,叠加型洪水占47.5%;叠加型来水和干流来水型洪水在刘家河水文站形成大洪水的机率较大。 相似文献
14.
汉江的径流主要以降水补给为主,容易产生洪水.据现有水文资料统计、分析,找出了一些答案. 相似文献
15.
栾晓梅 《湖北第二师范学院学报》2012,(7):78-81
湖北由于地理位置的特殊性,自然灾害频发。应用灰色系统理论方法,分析湖北省自然灾害经济损失及各影响因素之间的关联度,并建立灰色GM(1,1)预测模型,进行自然灾害经济损失发展趋势预测和趋势关联分析,得出森林病虫鼠害、森林火灾和农作物成灾面积等是湖北省抗灾、减灾的重点。最后根据趋势预测和关联分析的结果,建立水灾灾变预测模型,研究湖北省水灾发生的时间分布特征,预测结果表明未来近期内,2018年和2012年将分别可能发生重大和中度水灾。 相似文献
16.
为了掌握我国信息技术与物理课程整合研究的现状和发展动态,促进整合的良性发展,运用文献计量法、内容分析法以及统计分析法,对中国知网上收录的近十年的相关文献进行了比较研究。经过分析表明,我国信息技术与物理课程整合的研究内容主要集中在理论探讨、案例分析方面,研究有待在实践探索和评价方面加强;信息技术与物理课程整合的研究队伍主要集中在师范类高校,且东西部发展不均衡,缺少交流,可以通过远程教育为中西部地区提供培训和资源方面的支持;信息技术与物理课程整合的基金课题项目很少,主要是缺少相关政策的支持;研究方法比较单一且偏重于理论思辨,在以后研究过程中应引入系统科学的思维方式,在理论研究的基础上加强实证研究和探索新的整合模式,使研究方法朝着多样化方向发展;信息技术与物理课程整合中缺少对教师的心理关注,可以通过人性化的心理培训加强教师的自我效能感。 相似文献
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18.
Remote sensing techniques have the potential to provide information on agricultural crops quantitatively, instantaneously
and above all nondestructively over large areas. Crop simulation models describe the relationship between physiological processes
in plants and environmental growing conditions. The integration between remote sensing data and crop growth simulation model
is an important trend for yield estimation and prediction, since remote sensing can provide information on the actual status
of the agricultural crop. In this study, a new model (Rice-SRS) was developed based mainly on ORYZA1 model and modified to
accept remote sensing data as input from different sources. The model can accept three kinds of NDVI data: NOAA AVHRR(LAC)-NDVI,
NOAA AVHRR(GAC)-NDVI and radiometric measurements-NDVI. The integration between NOAA AVHRR (LAC) data and simulation model
as applied to Rice-SRS resulted in accurate estimates for rice yield in the Shaoxing area, reduced the estimating error to
1.027%, 0.794% and (−0.787%) for early, single, and late season respectively. Utilizing NDVI data derived from NOAA AVHRR
(GAC) as input in Rice-SRS can yield good estimation for rice yield with the average error (−7.43%). Testing the new model
for radiometric measurements showed that the average estimation error for 10 varieties under early rice conditions was less
than 1%.
Project supported by the National Defense Scientific and Technological Committee of China(No. Y97#14-6-2) 相似文献
19.
李林 《福建工程学院学报》2007,5(6):581-585
在我国构建统一的数字化城市管理模型之前,我国面向行业主管部门的纵向信息系统相互独立、相互屏蔽,缺乏基本的共享机制和信息交换平台.深圳市数字化城市管理模型在一定程度上改变了这种条块分割,实现了城市的高效、低成本管理.文章主要介绍深圳市数字化城市管理模型内容,并分析其利弊,提出新一代数字化城市管理模型. 相似文献
20.
操作风险控制是我国股份制商业银行所面临的一项重要风险．内部控制是操作风险控制的基础性策略,信息系统是银行的常规性运营平台．基于信息化创新的视角,借助于结构方程模型,实证性的检验揭示了股份制商业银行内部控制对操作风险控制的促进性机理,发现了股份制商业银行操作风险控制的独特性规律．从而为操作风险控制实施的深化提供了现实性的理论指导． 相似文献