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1.
《Journal of Informetrics》2014,8(3):710-727
By modeling research systems as complex systems we generalize similarity measures used in the literature during the last two decades. We propose to use the mathematical tools developed within the spin-glasses literature to evaluate similarity within systems and between systems in a unified manner. Our measure is based on the ‘overlap’ of disciplinary profiles of a set of research systems and can readily be integrated in the framework of traditional bibliometric profile analysis. The investigation of the distribution of the overlaps provides useful insights on the dynamics of the general system, that is whether it converges toward a unique disciplinary structure or to a differentiated pattern.We illustrate the usefulness of the approach by investigating the dynamics of disciplinary profiles of European countries from 1996 to 2011. We analyze several bibliometric indicators (including publications and citations) of European countries in the 27 Scopus subject categories. We compare the disciplinary profiles of European countries (i) among them; (ii) with respect to the European standard; and (iii) to the World reference.We find that there is a convergence toward a unique European disciplinary profile of the scientific production even if large differences in the scientific profiles still remain. The investigation of the dynamics by year shows that developing countries are converging toward the European model while some developed countries are departing from it. 相似文献
2.
《Journal of Informetrics》2014,8(4):854-862
International scientific collaboration has been the dominant driving force for promoting scientific and technological advancement. However, current international scientific collaboration analysis and evaluation mainly concentrate on the exploration of international collaboration network; hence, an evaluation method of international scientific collaboration is yet to be formed. In this paper, we take the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) as an empirical object and combine the international collaboration network with geographic information, which we call the International Collaboration Map, to display the international collaboration situations among countries or regions worldwide (inter-country collaboration), the collaborations among countries or regions within each continent (intra-continent collaboration), and the collaborations among continents (inter-continent collaboration) from different angles. Based on the thought of fractional count, this study introduces the indicators of collaborative country rank, international collaboration width, and international collaboration activity; the study employs the International Collaboration Activity Index (ICAI) to comprehensively measure the degree of countries or regions international collaboration at the country or region level. It systematically evaluates the differences between the active degree of relevant countries or regions in collaborative research. We use correlation analysis among the five sub-criterions and verify the rationality of index construction. K-means clustering analysis is undertaken among 84 countries or regions in the DSSCs field. The results show the formation of three groups, each with their unique international collaboration features. 相似文献
3.
Zeynep Ceren Akyüz Ricardo Aleixo Correia 《International Information and Library Review》2017,49(1):11-18
Increasing political and financial support for scientific research in the Middle East requires academic and research communities in the region to demonstrate the visibility and impact of their scientific output. However, for countries with smaller scientific communities or lack of detailed information on their scientific production, the use of common metrics of scientific impact (e.g., number of papers, impact factor, h-index, etc.) may fail to reveal their true ability to produce high quality research, and thus guarantee the wanted societal support. In such cases, identifying and highlighting outstanding papers produced by national institutions or scientists may be another way to demonstrate scientific capacity and impact. In this context, this work aims to provide an overview of champion works (papers that have received over 1,000 citations) produced by Middle East countries. This analysis focuses on science, medicine, and technology papers featured in the Science Citation Index Expanded of Web of Science. The authors identified 213 champion works authored by Middle East scientists published since the 1970s. Israel is currently the leading nation in the Middle East in terms of published champion works, but at least one such work was identified for the majority of countries in the region. Middle East champion works were published on a diverse range of subject categories and often featured in the top journals worldwide (e.g., Science, Nature, etc.). The top institutions in the Middle East authoring champion works and their leading collaborating countries worldwide are listed, and the role of international scientific collaborations in achieving these highly cited papers is highlighted. 相似文献
4.
目前,我国对谚语的界定尚未形成统一的观点。通过对几种谚语定义的分析和总结可知,谚语属于语言而非民间文学,谚语属于熟语中的俗语。《中国分类主题词表》把谚语设置在民间文学类是不科学的,应改至语言类的俗语类。此外,总论世界各国谚语的著作宜入H034类目;专论某国谚语的著作宜入该国使用的官方语言的俗语类;专论某语种(包括中国少数民族语)谚语的著作宜入相应语种的俗语类;专论某专题谚语的著作宜入该专题所属的相应类目。 相似文献
5.
This paper deals with a supervised learning method devoted to producing categorization models of text documents. The goal
of the method is to use a suitable numerical measurement of example similarity to find centroids describing different categories
of examples. The centroids are not abstract or statistical models, but rather consist of bits of examples. The centroid-learning
method is based on a Genetic Algorithm for Texts (GAT). The categorization system using this genetic algorithm infers a model
by applying the genetic algorithm to each set of preclassified documents belonging to a category. The models thus obtained
are the category centroids that are used to predict the category of a test document. The experimental results validate the
utility of this approach for classifying incoming documents. 相似文献
6.
《中图法》(第5版)计算机类目存在学科体系不完整、类目关系混乱、类目名称不规范、类目注释不当、编码错误等问题。本研究参照《学科分类与代码表》(GB/T13745-2009)和《国民经济行业分类》(GB/T4754-2017)对计算机科学和计算机产业的分类方法,依据计算机科学的体系结构和应用问题,从宏观上作了重新组织,措施得当,逻辑性强,有利于提高类目的实用性。 相似文献
7.
在中国学术期刊全文数据库中,对农业科技类目中农艺学、植物保护、农作物和园艺4个学科领域刊文的 相似文献
8.
河北机电学院图书馆主题法研讨组 《中国图书馆学报》1992,18(2)
The abbreviation of Chinese sentence-mode subject indexing is the "sentence-mode method" -a new method for Chinese scientific and technical document subject indexing retrieval. The Chinese sentence-mode being a form of the retrieval language, is compatible with some characteristics of subject indexing and classification. The article also makes an approach to a new may for the standardization of mark unit. In each particular subject, there exists objectively a kind of "concept unit" which one may follow to use.The 'concept unit'is not like the unit word of the basic word method,nor is it like the subject word derived from a thesaurus artificially standardized.It is an objective,intrinsic concept unit separated out from a particular subject,i.e.a kind of standard subject word of a special form without a thesaurus.The method has already been retrieved and tested by a computer.1 table. 相似文献
9.
K A Collins 《Bulletin of the Medical Library Association》1989,77(1):8-14
CRISP (Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects) is a large database maintained and operated by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It contains comprehensive scientific and selected administrative data on research carried out by the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) or supported by PHS grants and contracts. Developed originally to meet the needs of NIH, it is an excellent, largely untapped resource for health information professionals at large, revealing new trends, methods, and techniques, often before they appear in the published literature. CRISP uses its own controlled vocabulary, developed to permit indexing of new and active research areas. Queries can combine subject headings with a great variety of administrative data elements (e.g., research category or principal investigator's name). Output is available in a variety of formats and media. While information professionals cannot directly access the CRISP system, abridged CRISP records are merged into the FEDRIP (Federal Research in Progress) database, and FEDRIP is publicly accessible through DIALOG. CRISP records in toxicology are also furnished to the National Library of Medicine's TOXLINE database. This paper discusses the indexing, information retrieval, publication products, and search services of the CRISP system, and how users of medical information can benefit from it. 相似文献
10.
The paper proposes an innovative procedure for benchmarking the digital divide. The study demonstrates the potential of an outranking approach as an alternative to the commonly used ranking models based on Composite Indices (CIs). To fulfill the objectives of the benchmarking process, an ELECTRE-based (ELimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalité; Elimination and Choice Corresponding to Reality) multi-level outranking (ELECTRE MLO) method is developed. The proposed approach improves on previous methods of benchmarking the digital divide in two ways: by classifying countries into hierarchical levels of performance and by identifying corresponding benchmarks for less successful ones. The method is applied to 29 EBRD (European Bank for Reconstruction and Development) countries of operation. The results are visualized in the form of a relation tree, thus providing clear insights for policy-makers regarding how countries stand relative to each other. 相似文献
11.
随着全球科技、经济一体化的进程 ,跨文化交流已经成为一门学科。在新闻采访领域 ,我国很多机构有常驻世界各地进行日常采访的驻外记者 ,跨文化的采访活动越来越普遍。本文就如何把握好跨文化采访的心理接触点问题 ,即如何很快地拉近不同国家、不同文化的采访对象与记者的心理距离 ,顺利完成采访任务进行了一些研究。 相似文献
12.
Language distribution in scientific communication reflects the influence of different languages on science in global perspective. The study, based on over 450 thousand scientific tweets of all publications indexed by Scopus in June 2015, reveals the language distribution in informal scientific communication. Moreover, this result is compared with the language distribution in formal scientific communication reflected in scientific publications. Results show: (1) The language of scientific tweets is concentrated in English (91%), Japanese (2.4%) and Spanish (1.7%), while the language of scientific publications is concentrated in English (90.6%), Chinese (5%) and German (1.1%). (2) Both scientific tweets and scientific publications present disciplinary differences in language distribution, reflecting the different amount of attention that authors of different languages have on certain disciplines. (3) Except Saudi Arabia, investigated countries all over the world, regardless of whether their native language is English or not, all have English scientific tweets in the dominant position. For the vast majority of these countries, the native language scientific tweets only rank the second position. (4) Overall, 26% of tweeters use more than one language to tweet scientific products, while 49% of scientific tweeters tweet everything in English only. The results indicate that English has undoubtedly become the lingua franca in informal scientific communication. 相似文献
13.
This paper stems from the observation that researchers in different fields tend to publish in different journals. Such a relationship between researchers and journals is quantitatively exploited to identify scientific community clusters, by casting the community detection problem into a co-clustering problem on bipartite graphs. Such an approach has the potential of leading not only to the fine- grained detection of scholar communities based on the similarity of their research activity, but also to the clustering of scientific journals based on which are the most representative of each community. The proposed methodology is purely data-driven and completely unsupervised, and does not rely on any semantics (e.g. keywords or a-priori subjective categories). Moreover, unlike “flat” data structures (e.g. collaboration graphs or citation graphs) our bipartite graph approach blends in a joint structure both the researcher's attitude and interests (i.e., freedom to select the venue where to publish) as well as the community's recognition (i.e., acceptance of the publication on a target journal); as such may perhaps inspire further scientometric evaluation strategies. Our proposed approach is applied to the Italian research system, for two broad areas (ICT and Microbiology&Genetics), and reveals some questionable aspects and community overlaps in the current Italian scientific sectors classification. 相似文献
14.
科学-技术关联是指技术创新系统与科学研究系统之间的知识传递关系。探测科学-技术关联的情报学方法是:计量"论文-专利"互引信息,用专利所属的4位IPC类目与论文所属的学科之间的对应关系来反映科学-技术关联。此方法中存在两方面问题:一方面,论文被笼统地视为基础科学的代表,忽略了自然科学体系的"基础科学-技术科学-工程科学"的层级结构;另一方面,IPC类目以"功能"为分类原则且粒度过粗,难以与科学学科合理对应。对科学端的学科层级划分问题和技术端的4位IPC类目细化问题进行研究,对探测科学-技术关联的情报学方法进行改进,并以2006-2009年间的美国催化技术专利和与之具有互引关系的论文为样本进行实验,实验结果反映出更精细的学科-领域对应关系,呈现出更清晰的科学-技术关联图景。 相似文献
15.
Teresa Muñoz-Écija Benjamín Vargas-Quesada Zaida Chinchilla Rodríguez 《Journal of Informetrics》2019,13(4):100976
Proper field delineation plays an important role in scientometric studies, although it is a tough task. Based on an emerging and interdisciplinary field nanoscience and nanotechnology– this paper highlights the problem of field delineation. First we review the related literature. Then, three different approaches to delineate a field of knowledge were applied at three different levels of aggregation: subject category, publication level, and journal level. Expert opinion interviews served to assess the data, and precision and recall of each approach were calculated for comparison. Our findings confirm that field delineation is a complicated issue at both the quantitative and the qualitative level, even when experts validate results. 相似文献
16.
17.
美国嵌入式学科服务实践及其启示 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
国外图书馆近年来纷纷开展嵌入式学科服务,嵌入式学科服务成为国外图书馆学科服务发展的新方向.美国的嵌入式学科服务主要包括嵌入式教学与嵌入式科学研究.图书馆员作为助手嵌入到课堂和网络教学平台,嵌入到教师科研和学生科研.美国的嵌入式学科服务为国内嵌入式学科服务的开展提供了很多启示. 相似文献
18.
基于医学发展的《中图法》第五版医药卫生类 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
《中图法》R类基于医学领域的知识分类而构建,是医学视野下用于组织医学信息资源的分类体系。《中图法》第五版R类与第四版相比有500余处变化,以新增类目、增添类目注释、规范类名等方法反映新时期医学研究与发展的新主题。 相似文献
19.
Alison M. Larsen 《期刊图书馆员》2016,71(1):39-55
A bibliography of periodicals focused on planning within the urban studies field is presented. The bibliography contains scholarly, trade, and popular titles. Each entry contains identical categories of information (where each category is applicable), including an annotation. The bibliography is meant to aid in collection development in this subject area. 相似文献
20.
Jiang Wu 《Journal of Informetrics》2013,7(1):63-71
Using the dataset based on Thomson Reuters Scientific “Web of Science” the distributions of some well-known indicators, such as h-index and g-index, were investigated, and different citation behaviors across different scientific fields resulting from their field dependences were found. To develop a field-independent index, two scaling methods, based on average citation of subject category and journal, were used to normalize the citation received by each paper of a certain author. The distributions of the generalized h-indices in different fields were found to follow a lognormal function with mean and standard deviation of approximately ?0.8 and 0.8, respectively. A field-independent index fi-index was then proposed, and its distribution was found to satisfy a universal power-law function with scaling exponent α approaching 3.0. Both the power-law and the lognormal universality of the distributions verified the field independence of these indicators. However, deciding which of the scaling methods is the better one is necessary for the validation of the field-independent index. 相似文献