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Public procurement has been at the centre of recent discussions on innovation policy. We embed it into the broader framework of public policies to stimulate innovation: regulations, R&D subsidies and basic research at universities. We synthesize the characteristics of all four instruments conceptionally and quantitatively compare their effects on innovation success for 1100 firms in Germany. We find that public procurement and knowledge spillovers from universities propel innovation success equally. The benefits of university knowledge apply uniformly to all firms. However, public procurement is especially effective for smaller firms in regions under economic stress and in distributive or technological services. 相似文献
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本文通过构建空间计量模型,基于省际面板数据对中国政府采购促进技术创新政策效果进行了科学评估,研究发现中国政府采购政策在实施初期阶段不仅没有促进技术创新,反而显著地阻碍了创新,但随着中国政府采购政策自主创新激励目标的确定,其政策效果有所改善,但到目前为止其促进技术创新的政策功能仍十分有限。为此提出了遵守国际规则,建立和完善创新导向型政府采购政策体系;完善制度设计,遏制寻租行为,营造良好的创新环境;优化政府采购结构,强化创新激励导向等政策启示,以期为未来改进和完善政府采购政策提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Public procurement can be a major source of innovation. The potential benefits of public procurement might be fully exploited through the acquisition not only of appliances which are already available in the market, but also of new appliances which are tailored to the specific needs of the local community and might be exported as well to the international markets. In this way, public procurement might allow to improve the services delivered to the local community and to increase the technological competitiveness of the local industrial and research system. In this context, regional foresight might help identify both long-term societal needs and the patterns of evolution of emerging technologies that can match these needs. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate, trough the recent experience of the regional government of Lombardy, the role of foresight for enhancing public procurement and innovation policy at the regional level. 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2019,48(10):103612
The policy mix concept has become popular in innovation policy literature. It is particularly relevant for complex challenges such as sustainable industrial transitions that require joined-up interventions from different policy domains. Yet finding the right policy mix for a given challenge is strongly conditioned by the governance context in which individual policies emerge and evolve over time. In particular, the evaluation of policy mixes in a regional context is often neglected.This paper aims to deepen understanding of the interaction between governance processes and policy mix evaluation in the specific context of smart specialisation strategies. These newly popular regional innovation strategies are ideal laboratories for analysing policy mixes due to their place-based nature, their directionality, their experimental character and potential orientation towards grand societal challenges, and their complex governance context.The paper builds on the smart specialisation literature, the innovation policy and policy evaluation literature, and the literature on governance in pluralistic contexts to build a conceptual framework for analysing the governance of policy-mix evaluation. The conceptual arguments are illustrated by the Basque Country case in Spain, providing insights on the establishment of a strategic innovation policy mix evaluation process in a complex setting of institutions and actors. 相似文献
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鉴于主流理论不能很好地解释中国产业规模大但创新能力低的现象,以及国内学术界对创新政策与机制缺乏整合研究的缺陷,本文基于产业创新系统视角,以建立理论为目标的案例研究方法,辅助以数理统计分析方法,建立自主创新政策与机制理论框架;选择中国汽车、家电、航天和计算机为案例研究产业,进行大样本数据调研,对所提出假设进行检验。研究发现:创新政策对创新有正向作用,其中政府采购政策的正向作用最大;创新政策对创新机制有正向作用,对激励机制的作用比对运行机制的作用更为显著;创新机制对创新有正向作用,且激励机制的作用大于运行机制,而物质激励大于非物质激励。 相似文献
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摘要：将科技创新政策归纳为六种类型,建立三阶段通径模型,以上海市为案例进行实证分析,研究了科技创新政策对企业不同创新阶段能力及企业创新的影响。研究结果表明,六类创新政策对于企业创新产业化实现的路径影响存在异质性,财政政策、外部规范性政策只对创新基础投入能力产生直接正向影响,金融政策对创新基础投入能力及创新中间转化能力产生直接正向影响;知识产权政策对创新基础投入能力及创新产业化实现能力产生直接正向影响;税收政策、人才政策对创新成果产业化三个阶段均产生直接正向影响。且六类创新政策对于促进企业创新成果产业化的政策效应大小依次是创新投入能力、创新中间转化能力、创新产业化实现能力。 相似文献
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集成电路创新水平对于我国未来科技发展、国民经济和国家安全有着重要的影响,而集成电路创新政策则是推动我国集成电路创新能力的指挥棒。本文基于我国在1987—2020年间所出台的123份国家级集成电路的政策文件,利用内容分析法和政策工具理论对政策文本内容进行编码和内容分析,研究得到政策数量不断增加、结构不断完善的演化趋势,其中具体政策工具的使用以环境面政策为主;发现目标规划政策对政策整体数量和结构有着决定性影响。最后,本文以加强市场管理和加大自主创新两个方面从政策工具角度为我国未来集成电路产业创新政策的设计提供了方向和建议。 相似文献
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There is sufficient evidence, drawn from surveys of innovation in the public sector and cognitive testing interviews with public sector managers, to develop a framework for measuring public sector innovation. Although many questions that are covered in the Oslo Manual guidelines for measuring innovation in the private sector can be applied with some modifications to the public sector, public sector innovation surveys need to meet policy needs that require collecting additional types of data. Policy to support public sector innovation requires data on how public sector organizations innovate and how a strategic management approach to innovation can influence the types of innovations that are developed. Both issues require innovations surveys to delve deeply into the innovation processes and strategies that are used by public sector managers. Implementation of the measurement framework proposed in this paper would open up opportunities for a new, policy-relevant research program on public sector innovation. 相似文献
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This paper discusses the role of public demand, in the form of a government procurement policy, in generating innovative solutions for healthcare infrastructure. It considers the effects of the project delivery system (planning, finance, construction and operation) for new hospitals on design innovation. It focuses on hospitals built under the UK's private finance initiative (PFI), which was partly introduced to inject increased innovation into hospital delivery. We use case studies of six early PFI hospitals to argue that the introduction of PFI has increased the complexity at the interface between project delivery and hospital operational functions. The result is a project delivery model which yields less innovative outcomes and produces facilities that might not be able to cope with future changes in demand. The paper suggests that new public procurement models do not automatically provide efficiency and innovation benefits. 相似文献
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OECD《需求侧创新政策》报告的发布,引起了我国政策界和学术界的高度重视,也留下了如何学习"先进"国家经验的政策难题。通过回溯需求侧创新政策及其代表性政策工具创新型公共采购的学术渊源,本文指出:对需求的不同理解、把握和反应能力从理论上构成了"先进"国家对该政策认知和实践迥异的原因。进而在样本有限的情况下,借助MVQAP方法实证了这种知行之间的张力并揭示了其背后所可能存在的"理性"。进而在回顾主要政策企业家埃德勒(Jakob Edler)博士政策倡导工作的基础上,澄清欧盟国家推行"万灵药"式需求侧创新政策的核心,在于为探索不同于美国式/技术推动型线性创新模型的发展道路提供必要的合法性基础。因此对于中国而言,还市场更大的空间去通过自身界定需求,以及重拾发现和解决创新激励与扩散问题的自信,才是真正需要我国学习的"最佳实践"和当务之急。 相似文献
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当前,科技创新能力提升和科技创新高质量发展成为时代主题,科技评价政策引导科技创新高质量发展的“指挥棒”作用日益突显。本文通过搜集2006—2018年各省市的科技评价政策文件,在优化科技评价政策量化量表的基础上,分别从政策力度、政策目标和政策措施三个层次对政策文本进行量化分析。研究发现：我国科技评价政策总体上呈现“起步晚发展快”的特点,政策目标主题向创新人才培育、区域创新扶持与知识产权保护转变,同时,科技评价政策的作用机理呈现“非线性”特征,政策目标的作用方向正由“数量制胜”向“质量取胜”转变。从科技评价政策与区域科技创新能力发展的关系看,科技评价政策虽然在一定程度上促进了科技创新能力的发展,但是其直接政策效力明显薄弱;科技评价政策的多重目标导致政策的协同效应不足,同时,政策目标与政策实施之间的不协调也削弱了政策效力,导致其“指挥棒”作用仍然有限。 相似文献
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《国际创新研究学报(英文)》2022,6(1):35-52
This paper aims to synthesize previous user innovation policy proposals into an adapted system of innovation framework, on which a future holistic user innovation policy for the household sector can be based. We do this in three steps. First, we introduce the systems of innovation framework as a comprehensive basis for a holistic approach to innovation policy. Second, we identify and review policy proposals made by user innovation researchers and categorize them according to ten key activities in the systems of innovation framework. Third, from a system of innovation perspective, we synthesize the policy proposals identified into an adapted framework, including determinants specific to user innovation in the household sector. The synthesized proposals are intended to strengthen the systemic and multi-causal effects of policy on household sector user innovation in a country, region, or sector. Future policies for user innovation may, on this basis, be instrumental in avoiding mono-causality, or the concentration on only a few policy instruments in a proposed policy. 相似文献
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基于已有政策共词网络研究基础上,以国家自主创新示范区科技创新政策为研究对象,提出了政策属性与关键词权重在网络分析中的影响和作用,进而引入扎根理论、词频分析和政策测量方法,建构基于政策属性与关键词权重的加权共词网络模型。模型构建之后,利用加权后的Ochiia系数计算关键词之间的距离建构关键词矩阵。基于加权共词矩阵进行结点分析和小团体分析,对比验证加权共词网络模型的可行性,同时在综合视角下展现了自主创新示范区科技创新政策的现状和不足,发现科技金融、产业发展和人才吸引与培养方面还存在改进空间,为后续的政策制定提供参考。 相似文献
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本文以中国和典型国家的政府采购促进科技创新政策文件为研究样板,从法律效力结构的角度运用政策计量工具,分析中国政府在制定此方面政策的组织管理机制;从促进节能环保、促进科技型中小企业发展、促进高新技术产品的政府采购和优先采购国货等四个维度,开展中国政府采购促进科技创新政策的国际比较分析,找出中国与这些国家之间的差异,及亟需解决的问题。研究结果表明,一方面,政策制定时间分布不均匀,需要遵循一定的周期性;绝大部分国家部委参与及主导次数均低于平均值,需要提高其制定政策的参与度;另一方面,需要进一步完善政策工具,包括：建立中小型企业供应商数据库;制定分级制度和后评价制度,制定创新产品和服务的具体实施办法,对进口产品进行分类管理等。 相似文献
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2006年以来伴随科技创新政策的密集推出,中国科技创新政策体系发生了影响深远的重大变化,但目前尚缺乏全面完整地针对2006年来科技创新政策的协同演变及其效果的定量研究。本文在借鉴前人政策测量方法的基础上,以2006—2018年中国科技创新政策为对象,对筛选出的科技创新政策进行量化分析,探索中国科技创新政策协同演变特征,并应用岭回归分析研究科技创新政策力度、协同度和可执行度与创新绩效的关系。研究发现：科技创新政策协同度自2006年始呈上升之势,总效力显著增强。科技创新政策对科技创新绩效产生正向显著影响。政策特征对科技创新绩效的影响存在差异性。越明确的政策方向指引越能促进应用型重大成果的产生,提高创新政策的协同有助于促进中国专利授权量的增长,而促进企业新产品销售收入增长则需相关创新政策在力度、协同度和可执行度三方面的结合。 相似文献
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公共政策执行是关系到政策成败的关键,改进政策执行中存在的问题对于政策的有效落实有着重要的作用,针对我国公共政策执行中存在的问题提出了具体的解决措施,对提高公共政策执行力,保证政策目标的实现具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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Evita Paraskevopoulou 《Research Policy》2012,41(6):1058-1071
This paper considers the link between public policy and innovation and contributes to the notion that public policies that do not directly address innovation carry along important implications for it. It explores the role of regulation for innovation and innovation policy by emphasizing the importance of non-technological regulatory effects for innovation and their potential as an input for innovation policy. The output of in depth interviews with stakeholders from the detergents industry is combined with various sources of secondary data and reveals a variety of non-technological novelties attributed to regulation that are relevant to innovation. These results are then matched against the objectives of innovation policy, an exercise that gives better insights on the policy links between regulation and innovation policy and concludes on the domains of complementarities between the two. We find that that regulatory policy can contribute to the achievement of targets set by innovation policy while innovation policy measures can facilitate the compensation of negative regulatory implications for innovation. 相似文献
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全面创新改革试验（以下简称“全创改”）是区域层面落实创新驱动发展战略的重要举措,是中国特色的创新政策转型实践,在一定程度上代表了创新政策未来的演进方向。然而由于政策系统复杂度高、政策资料无法公开获取等原因,全创改面临理论研究滞后于政策实践、政策实践缺乏理论研究支撑等问题。本文从政策评估视角出发,结合全面创新改革试验的政策特点和评估需求,提出采用网络大数据分析间接评估改革试验政策影响的方法。通过收集媒体和社会公众等政策利益相关者对全创改的舆论信息,识别相关信息的传播规律和特征,分析社会公众对全创改的重点关注内容,为政府优化和完善改革试验政策提供基于事实证据的决策依据,并结合评估结果提出完善改革试验的政策建议。 相似文献