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1.
中国知识管理现状分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
在知识社会中,当知识管理被看成是一个公司、一个行业,甚至是一个国家生存和发展的决定因素时,知识管理越来越受人关注。有关知识管理的理论和技术在各个领域都得到了很大的发展,这一方面极大的丰富了知识管理的内涵,使得知识管理具有多面性,但另一方面又使的知识管理变的更复杂和难以理解。本文针对我国各行业研究和实施知识管理项目失败多于成功这一现状,着重从四个方面分析了产生这种现状的根本原因,并在此基础上提出了基于双重知识转化理论模型的知识管理系统的技术方案,为制造型企业和知识型企业的知识管理研究者和实践者提供了一种新思路。 相似文献
2.
基础研究是技术创新的重要源泉。从基础研究到技术创新的知识转化规律具有重要的理论与实践价值。鉴于以往研究中专利引文方法的局限性,本研究基于知识基因这种特殊知识单元,从知识内容流动的视角,定量研究从科学到技术的知识传播机理。以人工智能技术为研究案例,识别技术领域的知识基因和专利引用的5个关键基础学科,研究各学科与技术领域的知识关系。通过构建知识基因的传播级联网络模型,对知识基因从科学到技术的跨领域传播模式进行分析。研究发现,相比于专利科学引文,知识基因流动能够揭示从各学科到技术领域的更加真实的知识传播关系;知识基因的短期影响力水平与来源学科有关;知识基因从科学到技术的跨领域传播受到马太效应影响;受异质性知识组合效应的影响,跨领域知识基因在传播网络规模、寿命、影响力及创新“催化”能力方面优于技术领域一般知识基因,后者的产生速度和传播速度则更快。研究结论为进一步深入探究从基础研究到技术创新的知识转化规律提供了微观层面的理论基础,同时,对新兴技术领域的创新预测、基础学科布局以及科技政策的制定具有一定参考价值。 相似文献
3.
This article presents a novel spatio-temporal framework for studying knowledge creation. To achieve this, we analyzed the recent literature on space, time and knowledge and conducted an empirical study. The intensive case was about four international distinguished university research groups in Finland in the fields of technology and science. Object, communicative and cognitive spaces with linear and relational times were used as tools for empirical analysis. Combinations of space and time bring out different aspects of knowledge. Knowledge processes of progressing knowledge (time-space), creating distinguished knowledge (space-time), and path-taking and bundling knowledge (spacetime) bind spaces and times closely together. Besides academy, the spatio-temporal framework can be applied to study the knowledge creation processes in art, business and local communities, for example. 相似文献
4.
摘要：知识经济时代凸显了知识和经济的相关性，也导致了知识生产和使用间的矛盾。推动科技成果转化，是走出知识悖论、加快技术转移的有效路径。然而科技成果转化并非径情直遂，国外经验研究表明，若要真正取得科技成果转化的成效，其先决条件却是保持知识的自由流动、提高大学和科学技术研究的内在品质。 相似文献
5.
针对企业信息化咨询的创新问题,通过综述企业信息化咨询的实践与理论研究现状,提出咨询服务与软件产品是企业信息化咨询中的两类产品,两者在知识服务与知识创新的层面上具备一体化的基础和意义。通过引入新增长理论,在知识生产层面确立了两者的一体化的理论依据,进而借助知识生产理论,分别提出了以个人和组织为主体的、基于"创新-扩散"的知识生产过程的企业信息化咨询的知识生产模式。对企业信息化咨询的创新研究提出了新思路。 相似文献
6.
The concept of industrial clustering has been studied in-depth by policy makers and researchers from many fields, mainly due to the competitive advantages it may bring to regional economies. Companies often take part in collaborative initiatives with local partners while also taking advantage of knowledge spillovers to benefit from locating in a cluster. Thus, Knowledge Management (KM) and Performance Management (PM) have become relevant topics for policy makers and cluster associations when undertaking collaborative initiatives. Taking this into account, this paper aims to explore the interplay between both topics using a case study conducted in a collaborative network formed within a cluster. The results show that KM should be acknowledged as a formal area of cluster management so that PM practices can support knowledge-oriented initiatives and therefore make better use of the new knowledge created. Furthermore, tacit and explicit knowledge resulting from PM practices needs to be stored and disseminated throughout the cluster as a way of improving managerial practices and regional strategic direction. 相似文献
7.
知识流动效率对创新绩效有着重要影响,在协同创新领域更是如此。为有效测度协同创新知识网络的知识流动效率,本文提出一种基于无向加权网络（Undirected Weighted Network, UWN）的知识流动效率测度模型。首先,基于协同创新知识网络的节点特性、节点间关系特性,构建协同创新知识网络的UWN模型;综合考虑协同创新知识网络中知识流动效率的多重影响因素,提出一个新的知识流动效率测度模型,并进一步提出该模型在成员管理中的延伸应用;最后,通过某智能手机开发企业的应用案例验证本文所提模型与方法的可行性与有效性。 相似文献
8.
本文以2011-2015年间纳米能源领域的8184个专利为例,提出了一种基于知识组合理论的技术机会发现新方法。知识组合理论认为,创新源于知识元素的组合,具体包括对已有知识元素组合的再利用和探索新的知识元素组合两种方式。一方面,本文应用关联规则对专利数据进行挖掘,用信息熵对所提取的关联规则进行筛选,从而得出具有较大再利用价值的知识元素组合;另一方面,本文提出了一个评估知识元素间新组合的可能性的公式,进而得出具有较大组合潜力的新知识元素组合。基于两种方式所得到的知识元素组合,我们分析出了纳米能源领域三个重要的研发方向,并以2017年7月至2018年6月间的专利数据验证了所提出的方法的有效性。 相似文献
9.
Entrepreneurship: Exploring the knowledge base 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Entrepreneurship research has a long tradition and since the 1980s the field has grown significantly. In this study we identify the ‘knowledge producers’ who have shaped the field over time and their core entrepreneurship research works. A unique database consisting of all references in twelve entrepreneurship ‘handbooks’ (or state-of-the-art books) has been developed. The chapters in these handbooks were written by experts within the field, and it can be assumed that the most frequently cited references represent ‘core knowledge’ with relevance to entrepreneurship research.From our analysis, it appears that entrepreneurship is a rather changeable field of research, closely linked to disciplines such as ‘management studies’ and ‘economics’. Over time, the field has become more formalized with its own core knowledge, research specialities and an increasing number of ‘insider works’. However, it is still based on some fairly old theoretical frameworks imported from mainstream disciplines, although during the last decade we have seen the emergence of a number of new field-specific concepts and theories. We argue that to successfully develop entrepreneurship research in the future, we need to relate new research opportunities to earlier knowledge within the field, which calls for a stronger ‘knowledge-based’ focus. We would also like to see greater integration between the fields of entrepreneurship and innovation studies in the future. 相似文献
10.
论知识分类的十大方式 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
指出在知识分类史上,不同的知识观有不同的知识分类理论与知识分类标准,因而产生了形形色色的知识分类方式,其中的十大知识分类方式最具有代表性,也最具有理论意义和实践价值。梳理这些知识分类的理论和方法,有助于我们加深对知识本质及其分布规律的认识。 相似文献
11.
An international comparison of sectoral knowledge bases: persistence and integration in the pharmaceutical industry 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper builds upon and extends existing studies of scientific and technological specialisation by proposing an analytical framework to compare sectoral knowledge bases across countries. It develops the concepts of knowledge persistence and knowledge integration as the relevant dimensions along which knowledge bases can be compared. Persistence is studied by analysing the evolution of specialisation over time. It hints at the cumulative, path dependent nature of learning processes. Integration is studied by analysing the evolution of specialisation across different typologies of research. It hints at the complex, non-linear interdependencies that link the scientific and technological domains. On the strength of an original database encompassing 630,000 peer-reviewed papers published between 1989 and 1996 in 11 chemistry and pharmacology-related fields across three types of research (i.e. basic, applied and development), it is argued that countries with high degrees of both persistence and integration (e.g. the US in pharmacology) are the most likely sources of useful research results for EU firms’ innovative efforts in the pharmaceutical sector. Also, some doubts are cast on the existence of a European paradox in pharmaceuticals. 相似文献
12.
New Product Development (NPD) is one of the most important activities for companies. The NPD activities get to depend on knowledge more and more. Therefore, Knowledge Management (KM) has become a key issue and a hot topic in the fields of NPD researches. This paper proposes a new design of an effective NPD-support KM tool for facilitating the knowledge sharing and acquisition among collaborative NPD team members. The KM tool mainly contains two channels for knowledge acquisition: knowledge query and knowledge recommendation. The former one is the basic function for all types of KM tools, and also acts as the basis for the latter one. This paper proposes two types of knowledge recommendation ways: one is a vector-based way; the other is a phrase-based way. Key techniques for implementing the KM tool are elaborated. A demo example is also illustrated to show the functions of the proposed KM tool. 相似文献
13.
On the basis of the Chinese schema, we propose that internal social capital manifests itself in the form of ‘guanxi’, trust, and norms. We discuss the concept of interpersonal relationships within the context of Chinese culture by embedding the guanxi concept into a model to investigate the relationships among the three dimensions. We used a survey-based methodology to collect data from 230 employees of the top 100 high-technology firms in Taiwan and structural equation modelling (SEM) with LISREL 8.54 to examine the hypotheses model. The results indicated that at the individual level, guanxi is positively related to both trust and norms, which are also positively related to knowledge sharing. The mediating effects of trust and norms were also found to be significant. Trust directly influences knowledge sharing, and plays a mediating role between knowledge sharing and guanxi. This suggests that knowledge sharing is likely to occur when trust exists among employees. The results further indicate that norms mediate the relationship between guanxi and knowledge sharing. Guanxi among members influences knowledge sharing; therefore, organizations require a feasible solution using the relational norms mechanism. Previous studies have either emphasized the direct influence of social capital or regarded all variables to be of similar importance for knowledge sharing; however, no clear explanations have been provided explaining its influence on knowledge sharing. We advance understanding of why social capital enhances knowledge sharing among employees and the means by which this occurs. 相似文献
14.
New types of knowledge, and new ways of organising the production of it, may emerge as knowledge producers respond to the challenges posed by a changing society. This paper focuses on the core knowledge of one such emerging field, namely, innovation studies. To explore the knowledge base of the field, a database of references in scholarly surveys of various aspects of innovation, published in “handbooks”, is assembled and a new methodology for analysing the knowledge base of a field with the help of such data is developed. The paper identifies the core contributions to the literature in this area, the most central scholars and important research environments, and analyses - with the help of citations in scholarly journals - how the core literature is used by researchers in different scientific disciplines and cross-disciplinary fields. Based on this information a cluster analysis is used to draw inferences about the structure of the knowledge base on innovation. Finally, the changing character of the field over time is analysed, and possible challenges for its continuing development are discussed. 相似文献
15.
Science, technology and innovation have grown in importance over the last 50 years as we have moved towards a more knowledge-intensive society (the ‘knowledge society’). A number of new research fields have emerged in an effort to understand these developments and to offer advice to decision-makers in government, industry and elsewhere. This special issue focuses on studies of three relatively distinct though thematically related research fields (innovation studies, entrepreneurship studies, and science and technology studies). The first three articles use a particular methodology based on analysis of the references cited in the chapters to authoritative ‘handbooks’ to identify the core contributions in the three fields. A fourth article examines the relationship between the core literatures in three fields and how this has evolved over time. Other articles look at the evolution of innovation studies as reflected in highly cited papers, at the development of entrepreneurship as seen by a key ‘insider’, and at the creation of new centres in these fields and the difficulties they face. The last article in this special issue shows how interdisciplinary centres in innovation studies suffer from research assessment systems that are intrinsically biased against interdisciplinary research. This introduction presents a synthesis of the articles in this special issue, discusses similarities and differences between the three fields and their development over time, and considers challenges for policy and governance arising from the research presented here. 相似文献
16.
论文从主从博弈的视角,将高新技术企业运营的基础单位知识团队作为研究对象,运用博弈中的主方和从方来刻画知识团队中成员间知识水平的差异,通过分析各方投入、绩效分配、安全系数等对知识分享的影响,建立起高新技术企业知识团队中知识分享决策的主从博弈微观模型,并进行仿真分析,探索高新技术企业知识分享过程中的内在微观机理及其影响机制。论文研究发现成员的知识分享绩效分配系数与知识分享投入正相关,知识分享安全指数对知识分享投入与知识分享收益均有积极的影响;知识团队中知识分享前提条件是知识优势方的绩效分配系数应足够大,且该绩效分配系数与所有跟随者的绩效分配系数之和的比值应大于知识转化系数;研究结论为高新技术企业的知识分享策略制定提供决策参考。 相似文献
17.
学科会聚的知识结构与过程研究 《科学学研究》2021,39(1):21-32
学科会聚是大规模学科深度交叉融合发展的新趋势,对知识生产和科研组织将产生深刻影响。本文以哈佛大学威斯生物启发工程研究所和清华大学生命科学学院为例,使用文献计量、网络分析等方法,从知识角度对学科会聚的知识结构与过程进行分析,研究发现：以底层知识单元的共同、共通性和互补性联系为重要基础,学科会聚呈现出生命科学、物质科学、工程科学学科群知识结构特征;学科会聚是从邻近知识领域逐渐扩展至遥远知识领域渐进过程,且学科群间的协同共进程度逐步增强。这为我们更好地认识学科交叉融合发展规律,统筹规划学科发展、有重点地开展基础研究等政策制定提供支撑和启示。 相似文献
18.
Keld Laursen 《Research Policy》2010,39(5):687-697
This paper investigates the role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) related knowledge flows for international market shares. Using bibliometric data on scientific publications, we analyse the relationship between the strength of 14 OECD countries in four ICT-related scientific fields and the ability of those countries to maintain and acquire export market shares in the OECD market, across 16 manufacturing industries over the period 1981-2003. We find that domestic and foreign ICT-related scientific knowledge flows have a positive and significant impact on export market shares in ICT industries, while only domestic flows positively affect export shares in non-ICT industries. We also find that small open economies benefit more than other countries from foreign knowledge flows both in ICT and in non-ICT industries. 相似文献
19.
Tacit knowledge has long been considered instrumental to competitive advantage of organizations. However, whether knowledge workers will share their tacit knowledge may depend on the extent to which they internalize knowledge and the degree of a fit among certain task, technology, and individual factors. First, drawing from Adaptive Control of Thought theory, we develop Knowledge Internalization as the process an individual transforms his/her declarative knowledge into procedural knowledge. Second, based on the Task and Technology Fit theory, we propose a notion of Individual-Task-Technology Fit whose components include knowledge self-efficacy, preference for personalization knowledge management (KM) strategy, availability of appropriate KM systems, and task variety. The path analysis with a sample size of 259 confirms that both constructs positively affect tacit knowledge sharing. 相似文献