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On estimating a knowledge production function at the firm and sector level using patent statistics 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper proposes a definition of the knowledge base of an agent using only patent statistics. It then develops a model of a knowledge production function that can be estimated at the firm level and the sector level using the knowledge base matrix. It identifies the impact of own knowledge base, absorptive capacity to exploit intersectoral spillovers, and absorptive capacity to exploit intrasectoral spillovers, on new technology generation. It permits a study of the dynamics of knowledge generation without having to resort to additional information on the R&D activities of firms. Finally, the paper illustrates the method with the case study of new biotechnology-based knowledge creation by firms in the foods sector. 相似文献
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创业知识作为创业研究中的重要概念缺乏严谨的界定,这给相关理论的探讨和实证测量都带来困难。通过文献加演绎的方法,研究创业知识是什么以及与非创业知识有什么区别。首先,根据相关文献归纳出一般性知识所具的三个二阶认知属性,分别是功用指向性、主观介入精度和派生秩级。然后,依据三个属性给出知识的形式化表达方法,即将知识表征为嵌套了信心矩阵的命题矩阵。最后,结合三个属性和现有文献观点,对创业知识的特征进行推演。创业知识是不同于创租潜力知识的策略性知识,其功能指向于如何配置创租潜力知识;创业知识的主观信心赋值和主观介入精度决定了创业知识的实践对象选择;派生秩级影响着创业知识能否有效转移。此外,创业知识与非创租潜力知识间的关系以及文章结论的意义和局限得到了讨论。 相似文献
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This paper analyses whether complementarity and substitutability of knowledge elements are key determinants of the firm's inventive performance, in addition to the more conventional measures of knowledge stock and diversity. Using patent data from 1968 to 2002 in the semiconductor industry, we find that the overall level of complementarity between knowledge components positively contributes to firms’ inventive capability, whereas the overall level of substitutability between knowledge components generally has the opposite effect. Yet a relatively high level of substitutability is found to be beneficial for explorative inventions. These results suggest that a firm's inventive capacity significantly depends on its ability to align its inventive strategies and knowledge base structure. 相似文献
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Pablo D’Este 《Research Policy》2005,34(1):33-45
This paper aims to contribute to the analysis of within industry inter-firm variety. The paper develops two themes: (i) the analysis of intra-industry heterogeneity, and (ii) the extent to which higher performance is associated with the capacity of firms to expand their knowledge base. The main contribution of the paper is empirical, based on a data source consisting of information on documents published in international scientific journals by Spanish pharmaceutical firms. The empirical results support the argument that the firm's knowledge base is a main driver of persistent heterogeneity within industries. We find systematic variety in terms of how firms articulate their research activities, and positive correlation between firms’ knowledge diversification and performance. 相似文献
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New types of knowledge, and new ways of organising the production of it, may emerge as knowledge producers respond to the challenges posed by a changing society. This paper focuses on the core knowledge of one such emerging field, namely, innovation studies. To explore the knowledge base of the field, a database of references in scholarly surveys of various aspects of innovation, published in “handbooks”, is assembled and a new methodology for analysing the knowledge base of a field with the help of such data is developed. The paper identifies the core contributions to the literature in this area, the most central scholars and important research environments, and analyses - with the help of citations in scholarly journals - how the core literature is used by researchers in different scientific disciplines and cross-disciplinary fields. Based on this information a cluster analysis is used to draw inferences about the structure of the knowledge base on innovation. Finally, the changing character of the field over time is analysed, and possible challenges for its continuing development are discussed. 相似文献
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In this paper, we provide an empirical analysis of evolving knowledge networks of successful patent collaboration at national level in 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s. All countries are classified into main knowledge creators (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) group) and main knowledge users (non-OECD group) in order to distinguish specific characteristics of knowledge interactions within groups and between groups. The analyses are carried out from four aspects, i.e., the overall distribution of knowledge interactions among countries, the countries’ ability to inhabit and facilitate the knowledge flows among others with the help of flow betweenness measures, the countries’ bridgeness between two groups with the recently developed Q-measures, and the most important bilateral knowledge interactions. Results show that although most of the international knowledge interactions still take place within the OECD group, the non-OECD countries have improved their performance significantly. They participate much more in international patenting and collaborations and play much more important roles in facilitating knowledge interactions among others. Among them, China and Taiwan are two most dazzling new stars according to their performance in international knowledge interactions. Considering together with their rapidly improved world competitiveness, the findings indicate that the wide and deep participation in international knowledge interactions may have great contribution to the economic competitiveness. 相似文献
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Knowledge management (KM) impacts have typically been examined on the value of knowledge to organizations but not individuals. This paper uses survey data (186 employees) and qualitative data (300 + employees) at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to examine the effects of four KM mechanisms (social learning, learning from others through IT, learning from IT, and IT-based knowledge substitution) and common knowledge on the individual and organizational value of knowledge. The results indicate that common knowledge and the two interpersonal mechanisms (social learning, learning from others through IT) enhance the perceived value of knowledge at both levels, but both mechanisms that rely on IT for the knowledge (learning from IT, IT-based knowledge substitution) reduce the perceived knowledge value at one level and have no significant effect at the other level. Further, common knowledge strengthens the positive effects of both interpersonal mechanisms, and weakens the negative effects of IT-based knowledge substitution, on perceived value of knowledge at both levels. 相似文献
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利用我国分地区科研机构数据,采用三阶段DEA方法,分析我国科研机构的知识生产效率状况。研究发现,我国地区科研机构知识生产的技术效率整体较低,且规模效率不高是制约其有效发展的主要因素;地区经济发展水平、企业与科研机构的合作对科研机构的知识生产效率有显著的正向影响,而地区人力资本、政府与国外对科研机构的资助对科研机构的知识生产效率产生显著的负向影响。本文结论为我国地区科研机构的知识生产效率提升提供启示。 相似文献
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立足于区域边界的内外部视角,将创新活动的知识资源划分为自有知识和知识溢出两部分,利用2009—2016年中国30个省（市、自治区）的面板数据,运用OLS和分位数回归方法,实证分析了自有知识、知识溢出对区域创新产出的影响。OLS回归结果表明：自有知识对区域创新产出具有显著正向影响,而知识溢出的影响显著为负;自有知识的主效应大于知识溢出,且二者在影响区域创新过程中存在显著的协同效应。分位数回归结果表明：随着分位点的提高,自有知识对区域创新产出的促进效应先升后降;知识溢出对区域创新产出除在0.25分位点没有显著影响外,在其他分位点均存在显著负向影响;自有知识与知识溢出的交互效应在区域创新产出不同分位点的影响不一致。 相似文献
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上海的产业知识基础配置状况是影响上海建设具有全球影响力的科创中心的重要因素。通过构建产业知识基础配置的测量指标和模型,设计产业知识基础配置的指数;在此基础上对上海市整体工业、六大重点发展工业和各区工业的知识基础配置格局进行了实证研究。研究发现：从整体来看,上海属于杂色知识基础配置区域,且解析型知识基础发展略好,但建设具有全球影响力的科创中心目标需要上海必须提高解析型知识基础配置的比重;从各区来看,徐汇、闵行和松江属于解析型知识基础配置类型,但未来徐汇的工业应该进一步向外转移;杨浦、宝山、嘉定、金山、青浦、奉贤和崇明属于综合型知识基础配置类型,但未来杨浦的定位也应该是现代服务业;浦东新区属于杂色知识基础配置类型,也是未来上海应该着力打造的典型。 相似文献
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知识管理策略与知识创造 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
知识创造过程是揭示显性知识和隐性知识在个体或组织中相互转化和作用从而产生新的知识的重要模型和理论。本文在分析、归纳了知识创造过程与知识管理策略的相互关系的基础上,提出了对应于不同的知识创造过程所应采用的知识管理策略。 相似文献
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Can the knowledge base of an economy be measured? In this study, we combine the perspective of regional economics on the interrelationships among technology, organization, and territory with the triple-helix model, and offer the mutual information in three dimensions as an indicator of the configuration. When this probabilistic entropy is negative, the configuration reduces the uncertainty that prevails at the systems level. Data about more than a million Dutch companies are used for testing the indicator. The data contain postal codes (geography), sector codes (proxy for technology), and firm sizes in terms of number of employees (proxy for organization). The configurations are mapped at three levels: national (NUTS-1), provincial (NUTS-2), and regional (NUTS-3). The levels are cross-tabled with the knowledge-intensive sectors and services. The results suggest that medium-tech sectors contribute to the knowledge base of an economy more than high-tech ones. Knowledge-intensive services have an uncoupling effect, but less so at the high-tech end of these services. 相似文献
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针对当前企业知识管理中的知识获取“瓶颈”问题,对其产生原因进行了深入分析;以知识本身为导向,对企业知识源做出界定;在此基础上,从集成化视角给出了解决知识获取“瓶颈”的若干策略与方法。 相似文献
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知识治理是知识管理活动的制度保障,是在制度层面上对知识行为的引导、激励和约束,进而维护知识活动各方的利益平衡、促进知识活动效益的最优化。知识共享行为是一种组织制度安排的结果,同时也是一种行为过程,受到知识治理的影响。知识治理对于知识共享行为的影响研究,很多的学者都从不同的侧面进行分析,涉及变量和因素有限,结论不稳定。另外,知识治理对于知识共享影响的内在机理有待进一步深入地探究。最后,从研究方法上,知识治理是组织层面的变量,个体知识共享是个体层面的变量,现有文献较少运用跨层次分析方法来整合组织和个体两个层面,剖析知识治理机制对个人层次知识共享的影响,因而研究结论有待验证。因此,基于现有文献研究的不足,本文探索性地引入中介变量组织支持感来分析知识治理对于知识共享行为的影响关系。依据已有的文献成果,本文提出以下8个假设:(1)正式知识治理对非正式知识治理具有正向的影响作用;(2)正式知识治理对于个体知识共享行为具有显著的正向影响;(3)非正式知识治理对于个体知识共享行为具有显著的正向影响;(4)正式知识治理对于组织支持感有显著的正向影响;(5)非正式知识治理对于组织支持感有显著的正向影响;(6)组织支持感对个体知识分享行为有显著的正向影响;(7)组织支持感中介了正式知识治理与个体知识共享行为之间的关系;(8)组织支持感中介了非正式知识治理与个体知识共享行为之间的关系。为了验证以上假设的有效性,本研究以中国华北地区140家企业621名员工为被试对象,其中男性占53.62%,本科以上员工占89.05%,工龄在5年以上的员工占76.97%,基层和一线工人占87.76%。对于模型中所涉及的变量,本文借鉴已有研究的中成熟量表进行测量。正式知识治理和非正式知识治理的测量参考了Cao等(2012)对于正式知识治理和非正式知识治理的测量量表,组织支持感使用Eisenberger编制的问卷,知识共享行为采用Yi开发了一套有效可靠的知识共享行为量表。所有变量在本文样本中内部一致性信度α系数都达到标准。在确保问卷的可信性和有效性基础上,本文利用跨层次分析对研究假设进行验证。得到了如下结论:(1)在知识管理领域中,员工组织支持感是链接组织知识治理与个体知识共享行为的中介桥梁。组织层面的知识管理活动一方面通过正式的知识治理对于员工的知识共享行为产生一定程度的影响,但是更重要是要通过对于员工组织支持感的影响来间接的作用员工知识共享行为。(2)组织知识活动对于员工个体知识共享行为的影响是多层次相互作用的结果,过程复杂。组织层面的正式知识治理通过三条途径作用员工个体知识共享行为:直接作用、通过非正式知识治理影响组织支持感的间接作用以及通过组织支持感的间接作用。非正式知识治理是间接的通过组织支持感的单途径来影响个体知识共享行为。与同类研究相比,本文进一步打开了知识治理对知识共享行为影响的"黑箱",丰富了知识管理的相关理论。此外,本文结论对企业知识管理实践活动具有很强的指导意义,具体表现在两个方面:一是企业要有效创建完善的知识治理机制,二是要重视对员工组织支持感的提升。本文虽然做出了一定的贡献,但仍然存在一些不足:第一,样本收集的数据受到地域和行业的限制;第二,对于知识治理的划分需要进一步研究;第三,中介变量、作用路径和机理还需要进一步探索。以上三点问题将是今后研究和改进的方向。 相似文献
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社会关系视角下的知识转移理论研究评述及展望 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
知识的获取和转移是学习和创新的前提和基础,而知识转移离不开人与人之间的社会交往与互动,因此从社会关系角度解释知识转移的机理成为当前的一个研究热点。论文首先简单回顾了知识管理领域的两个主要研究维度和研究思路,说明基于社会关系的知识转移研究在这一领域所处的位置。在此基础上,论文将基于社会关系的知识转移研究归纳为两种:基于二元关系的知识转移研究与基于社会关系集合,即社会网络的知识转移研究。在此基础上对这两个范畴的主要研究观点与思路进行了归纳总结。最后评述了现有的研究并提出了未来可能的发展方向。 相似文献
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The objective of this paper is to contribute to a perspective on economic performance, i.e. the interaction between norms specific to a company, the knowledge basis of the company and innovation.The questions we will try to shed light on in this article are: what is the connection between norms specific to the company, the knowledge basis of the company and innovation?We will argue that norms specific to the company, knowledge development and innovation strategies are closely linked, in order to promote competitive advantages at the company level. We will present and discuss a model in this connection. At the end of the article we will integrate this model and develop policy implications. We will see norms specific to the company in the light of social autopoiesis theory. It is this theory which will be used when evaluating the importance of knowledge development and innovation.The main thesis in the article is that a company's capabilities are primarily developed on the basis of social norms and values already existing in the social relations of the company. This in turn influences how the company develops and applies the knowledge basis, thus influencing innovation strategies. 相似文献
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大学在产业集群知识转移中角色的实证研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从节点的层面进行分析,本文提出并检测了一个关于在产业集群中的组织间知识转移理论框架。我们假定:(1)大学是一个知识库,集群中其他大部分的公司能从大学获得他们想要的知识;(2)从大学溢出的知识同以下因素是正相关的:大学知识的价值、接收公司的吸收能力、知识传输渠道的存在以及是否丰富。我们从在环同济产业集群中运营的企业和与这些企业有商业关系的大学教师、研究生收集数据,并对这些数据进行实证分析,结果表明这些数据完全支持或部分支持我们提出的理论框架中的元素。 相似文献
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Strategic alliances are important channels for interfirm learning, especially for small firms that are resource constrained. Of the several alliance attributes, technological distance between partners (measured as the distance between partners’ innovative outcomes) is shown to have a significant influence on the learning benefits from strategic alliances. Drawing upon the theory of recombination, our study argues that the influence of technological distance on learning is best understood by not only measuring the distance between innovative outcomes, but by also taking into consideration the knowledge elements underlying the innovative outcomes. We develop a concept of knowledge base homogeneity that captures the extent to which the innovative outcomes of partnering firms draw upon similar sets of knowledge elements. Using patent and alliance data from 201 small biotechnology firms during the period 1996–2010, we confirm that the technological distance has an inverted u-shaped relationship on interfirm learning. We further demonstrate that this u-shaped relationship is moderated by the knowledge base homogeneity between partners, such that benefits of technological distance are enhanced and the costs of technological distance are mitigated when the knowledge base homogeneity between alliance partners is high. The results have important implications for interfirm learning, especially in the context of small firms that are limited in their knowledge stocks. 相似文献