共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Takeo Nakayama Nobuko Hirai Shigeaki Yamazaki Mariko Naito 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2005,93(2):237-242
BACKGROUND: The use of a structured abstract has been recommended in reporting medical literature to quickly convey necessary information to editors and readers. The use of structured abstracts increased during the mid-1990s; however, recent practice has yet to be analyzed. OBJECTIVES: This article explored actual reporting patterns of abstracts recently published in selected medical journals and examined what these journals required of abstracts (structured or otherwise and, if structured, which format). METHODS: The top thirty journals according to impact factors noted in the "Medicine, General and Internal" category of the ISI Journal Citation Reports (2000) were sampled. Articles of original contributions published by each journal in January 2001 were examined. Cluster analysis was performed to classify the patterns of structured abstracts objectively. Journals' instructions to authors for writing an article abstract were also examined. RESULTS: Among 304 original articles that included abstracts, 188 (61.8%) had structured and 116 (38.2%) had unstructured abstracts. One hundred twenty-five (66.5%) of the abstracts used the introduction, methods, results, and discussion (IMRAD) format, and 63 (33.5%) used the 8-heading format proposed by Haynes et al. Twenty-one journals requested structured abstracts in their instructions to authors; 8 journals requested the 8-heading format; and 1 journal requested it only for intervention studies. CONCLUSIONS: Even in recent years, not all abstracts of original articles are structured. The eight-heading format was neither commonly used in actual reporting patterns nor noted in journal instructions to authors. 相似文献
2.
��[Purpose/significance] The abstract of scientific papers is a vital indexing object within information organization. Meanwhile, indexing the abstract according to certain rules is conducive for not only scientific communication or knowledge discovery, and intelligence analysis as well. Thus, how to realize auto-index accurately and quickly, for millions of unstructured abstracts existed nowadays is a crucial problem to be addressed.[Method/process] This study assumed that different categories of abstract are inherently consistent, that is, the study of structured abstract can provide a method and technical reference for unstructured abstract auto-indexing. Acting in accordance with this assumption and based on the US National Library of Medicine's structural element labeling terminology, this study accomplished mapping across abstract element classifications and proposed BOMRC system, a normalization indexing method for structured abstract. Then we collected research sample and used text mining method to analyze multiple features of structured abstract quantitatively and statistically, such as word frequency, TF-IDF value, as for dimension of words, verbs, three-word lexical chunks and four-word lexical chunks, which enabled us propose a semantic feature dictionary for structured elements. Finally, we used unstructured abstract to test the validity of the semantic feature dictionary.[Result/conclusion] The results show that the semantic feature dictionary method can effectively identify various structural elements of scientific paper abstract, and it can be used to optimize the automatic recognition model, which may be based on machine learning methods. 相似文献
3.
[目的/意义] 论文摘要是信息组织的重要标引对象,将论文摘要按一定结构进行标引有利于科学传播、知识发现和情报分析。如何对现有非结构式摘要进行精准快速的自动标引是亟待解决的现实问题。[方法/过程] 假定不同类别的摘要具有内在一致性,即对结构式摘要的研究可为非结构式摘要自动标引提供方法和技术参考。据此,基于美国国家医学图书馆结构要素标签术语集和标签分类映射关系,提出结构要素BOMRC体系和结构式摘要的识别与规范化标引方法。其次选取研究样本并采用文本挖掘方法对样本语料中的单词、动词、三词词块、四词词块等词汇进行词频、TFIDF值等多个指标的定量统计分析,构建能够进行结构要素识别的语义特征词典。最后利用非结构式摘要测试集进行语义特征词典有效性检验。[结果/结论] 结果显示,利用语义特征词典方法能够有效识别非结构式摘要的各类要素,并可用于优化以机器学习方法为核心的自动识别模型。 相似文献
4.
Background and objective: With the advent of an interprofessional approach to delivering health care in today's health care systems, should health care professionals be educated together? Supported by policy‐making circles worldwide, interprofessional education is accumulating a research literature at an exponential rate. Using one‐word search terms in the medline query box for scoping this body of literature, we obtained an unmanageable number of articles (342 338 in all fields). The objective of our study was to outline an efficient specific query. Methods: We created 1072 phrasal search terms consisting of a prefix, an adjective and a noun. Of those, 66 were prolific for the whole indexed period (1950–2006). Results: Only 2510 citations have the search term in all medline fields; of those 2049 were in title/abstract and 652 in title alone. From the 1950s, the citations were published at a slow rate, but the rate then exploded during the decade 1995 to 2006. The combination of prefixes ‘inter’ and ‘multi’ with the adjectives ‘professional’, ‘disciplinary’ and ‘shared’, and the nouns ‘education’, ‘learning’ and ‘training’ may retrieve almost all the relevant citations, while the terms ‘collaborative’ and ‘common’ may retrieve mainly irrelevant ones. The adjective ‘cohesive’ and nouns ‘practice’ and ‘role’ should be also considered. Conclusion: Phrasal search terms highly increased the relevance of medline ‐retrieved citations. 相似文献
5.
This paper investigates the effectiveness of using MeSH® in PubMed through its automatic query expansion process: Automatic Term Mapping (ATM). We run Boolean searches based on a collection of 55 topics and about 160,000 MEDLINE® citations used in the 2006 and 2007 TREC Genomics Tracks. For each topic, we first automatically construct a query by selecting keywords from the question. Next, each query is expanded by ATM, which assigns different search tags to terms in the query. Three search tags: [MeSH Terms], [Text Words], and [All Fields] are chosen to be studied after expansion because they all make use of the MeSH field of indexed MEDLINE citations. Furthermore, we characterize the two different mechanisms by which the MeSH field is used. Retrieval results using MeSH after expansion are compared to those solely based on the words in MEDLINE title and abstracts. The aggregate retrieval performance is assessed using both F-measure and mean rank precision. Experimental results suggest that query expansion using MeSH in PubMed can generally improve retrieval performance, but the improvement may not affect end PubMed users in realistic situations. 相似文献
6.
We explore the feasibility of automatically identifying sentences in different MEDLINE abstracts that are related in meaning.
We compared traditional vector space models with machine learning methods for detecting relatedness, and found that machine
learning was superior. The Huber method, a variant of Support Vector Machines which minimizes the modified Huber loss function,
achieves 73% precision when the score cutoff is set high enough to identify about one related sentence per abstract on average.
We illustrate how an abstract viewed in PubMed might be modified to present the related sentences found in other abstracts
by this automatic procedure. 相似文献
7.
OBJECTIVES: To detect term(s) in the Cochrane Highly Sensitive Search Strategy (HSSS) that retain high sensitivity but improve precision in retrieving reports of trials in the PubMed version of medline. METHODS: Individual terms from the PubMed version of the HSSS were added, term by term, to an African HIV/AIDS strategy to identify reports of trials in medline using PubMed. The titles and abstracts of the records retrieved were read by two handsearchers and checked by a clinical epidemiologist. The sensitivity and precision of each term in the three phases of the HSSS were calculated. RESULTS: Of 7,719 records retrieved, 285 were identified as reports of trials [204 randomized (RCTs); 81 possibly randomized or quasi-randomized (CCTs)]. Phase III had the highest sensitivity (92%). Overall, precision was very low (3.7%). One term, 'random*[tw]', retrieved all RCTs found by our search and improved precision to 29%. The least sensitive terms, yielding no records, were '(doubl* AND mask*)[tw]' and terms containing 'trebl*' or 'tripl*', except for '(tripl* AND blind*)[tw]'. The highest precision per term was for 'Double-blind Method [MeSH]' (76%). CONCLUSIONS: To retrieve all RCTs and CCTs found by our search, seven terms are needed but precision remains low (4.3%). Developments in the methods of search strategy design may help to improve precision while retaining high levels of sensitivity by identifying term(s) which occur frequently in relevant records and are the most efficient at discriminating between different study designs. 相似文献
8.
Elaine J. Matthews Adrian G. K. Edwards Jackie Barker Michael Bloor Judith Covey Kerenza Hood Roisin Pill IaN. Russell Nigel Stott Clare Wilkinson 《Health information and libraries journal》1999,16(2):112-120
Using the example of communication about risk in a primary care setting, this paper puts forward a method of developing and evaluating a detailed search strategy for locating the literature for a systematic review of a ‘diffuse’ subject. The aim of this paper is to show how to develop a search strategy that maximizes both recall and precision while keeping search outputs manageable. Six different databases were used, namely Medline, Embase, PsychLIT, CancerLIT, Cinahl and Social Science Citation Index (SSCI). The searches were augmented by hand-searching, contacting authors, citation searching and reference lists from included papers. Other databases were searched but yielded no extra references for this subject matter. Of the 99 papers included, 80 were indexed on Medline. The Medline search strategy identified 54 of them and the remaining 26 were located on other databases. The 19 further unique references were found using the other databases and methods of retrieval. A combination of several databases must be used to maximize recall and to increase the precision of searches on individual databases, thus improving the overall efficiency of the search. 相似文献
9.
The present formatting and content of abstracts in educational research might be one barrier preventing wider dissemination and use of such research. Structured abstracts, with specific formatting and content requirements, might help researchers disseminate their work more effectively and efficiently. The purpose of this study was to investigate 2 years of abstracts of empirical research articles submitted to Research in the Schools and to determine the extent to which the abstracts were underdeveloped, thereby suggesting the need for structured abstracts. Of the 74 articles reviewed, 35 (44.3%) contained an underdeveloped abstract. Articles with underdeveloped abstracts were approximately twice as likely to be rejected than were articles with developed abstracts. Finally, 34.3% of the articles contained information in the abstract (e.g., purpose statement, sample size, findings) that was inconsistent with information provided elsewhere in the article. 相似文献
10.
Ruth M. Sladek Jennifer J. Tieman Jess Tyndall Paddy A. Phillips 《Health information and libraries journal》2013,30(2):138-148
Objective
The extent to which existing and future research can impact on reducing health disparities relates not only to the evidence available, but the ability to find that evidence. Our objective is to quantify experts' literature searching effectiveness with respect to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people's health.Methods
Nine journals were dual reviewed, and a ‘gold standard’ set of relevant articles was identified. Health librarians (n = 25) completed a standardised searching task using OVID MEDLINE, and results were compared with the gold standard. Sensitivity, specificity and precision rates were calculated.Results
The gold standard comprised 136 of 1469 (9.3%) records from nine journals. Searches achieved a mean sensitivity of 53.2% (median = 64.7%, range 0.0–93.4%), specificity of 97.4% (median = 99.4%, range 52.6–100%) and precision of 83.3% (median = 91.0%, range 16.7–100%). Self‐estimates of search sensitivity (post hoc) were significantly higher than observed (M = 78.9%, t = 4.812, P < 0.001).Conclusions
Even expert searchers struggle to find the relevant peer‐reviewed literature in MEDLINE.Implications
A search filter may improve searching effectiveness for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health literature. Assessment of health librarians' searching competencies warrants further professional debate and consideration. 相似文献11.
[目的/意义] 自动识别项目申请书摘要中的科学要素,对于揭示科技项目中的科学知识具有重要的研究意义。这些科学要素的识别依赖于结构化项目摘要文本,然而目前结构化项目摘要语料资源匮乏,严重制约着相关研究的进一步发展。拟构建项目申请书摘要文本的语步语料集,为相关研究提供数据支撑。[方法/过程] 首先将项目摘要内容归纳为背景及问题、目标及任务、方法内容、价值意义4种语步类型,总结每个语步结构中出现的标志性特征并制定语步标注规范;其次相继利用基于规则和基于深度学习的方法辅助人工进行项目摘要的语步结构标注,并对每轮标注后的语料进行质量评估。[结果/结论] 两种方法共计标注近25 000条语句,语料标注的一致性系数达到0.983 9,表明该语料集基本能够区分项目摘要内的不同语步结构,初步达到了语料库建设的基本要求。 相似文献
12.
T. Elizabeth Workman Marcelo Fiszman John F Hurdle Thomas C Rindflesch 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2010,98(4):273-281
Objective:
This paper examines the development and evaluation of an automatic summarization system in the domain of molecular genetics. The system is a potential component of an advanced biomedical information management application called Semantic MEDLINE and could assist librarians in developing secondary databases of genetic information extracted from the primary literature.Methods:
An existing summarization system was modified for identifying biomedical text relevant to the genetic etiology of disease. The summarization system was evaluated on the task of identifying data describing genes associated with bladder cancer in MEDLINE citations. A gold standard was produced using records from Genetics Home Reference and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. Genes in text found by the system were compared to the gold standard. Recall, precision, and F-measure were calculated.Results:
The system achieved recall of 46%, and precision of 88% (F-measure = 0.61) by taking Gene References into Function (GeneRIFs) into account.Conclusion:
The new summarization schema for genetic etiology has potential as a component in Semantic MEDLINE to support the work of data curators.Highlights
- Semantic MEDLINE streamlines information retrieval by succinctly expressing the meaning of sometimes complicated text and summarizing output according to a user''s needs.
- Semantic MEDLINE identifies genes noted in biomedical text as associated with a disease process.
- Semantic MEDLINE can potentially simplify secondary database curation.
Implications
- Library information retrieval services can potentially benefit from automated applications such as Semantic MEDLINE.
- Use of such automated applications can facilitate the library''s work in interdepartmental collaborative endeavors, thus reinforcing the library''s core value in its parent institution.
13.
P L Miller J S Morrow S M Powsner C A Riely 《Bulletin of the Medical Library Association》1988,76(2):131-136
An experimental computer-based bibliographic retrieval system has been implemented to explore how semantic (conceptual) relationships between MeSH terms might assist the retrieval process. To construct the experimental system's database, lists of abstracts were produced using MEDLINE. Each list contained papers discussing a specified pair of terms. Each abstract was then analyzed to determine the specific relationship(s) between the two terms discussed in that paper. The project then explored how these semantic relationships could be incorporated into the computer to enhance bibliographic retrieval. 相似文献
14.
Rachel J. Hinrichs Mirian Ramirez Mahasin Ameen 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2021,109(4):590
Objective:We sought to determine how many abstracts presented at the 2012 and 2014 Medical Library Association (MLA) annual conferences were later published as full-text journal articles and which features of the abstract and first author influence the likelihood of future publication. To do so, we replicated a previous study on MLA conference abstracts presented in 2002 and 2003. The secondary objective was to compare the publication rates between the prior and current study.Methods:Presentations and posters delivered at the 2012 and 2014 MLA meetings were coded to identify factors associated with publication. Postconference publication of abstracts as journal articles was determined using a literature search and survey sent to first authors. Chi-squared tests were used to assess differences in the publication rate, and logistic regression was used to assess the influence of abstract factors on publication.Results:The combined publication rate for the 2012 and 2014 meetings was 21.8% (137/628 abstracts), which is a statistically significant decrease compared to the previously reported rate for 2002 and 2003 (27.6%, 122/442 abstracts). The odds that an abstract would later be published as a journal article increased if the abstract was multi-institutional or if it was research, specifically surveys or mixed methods research.Conclusions:The lower publication rate of MLA conference abstracts may be due to an increased number of program or nonresearch abstracts that were accepted or a more competitive peer review process for journals. MLA could increase the publication rate by encouraging and enabling multi-institutional research projects among its members. 相似文献
15.
Su Golder PhD Kelly Farrah MLIS Monika Mierzwinski-Urban MLIS Beth Barker BSc Anna Rama 《Health information and libraries journal》2023,40(2):190-200
Background
The most current objectively derived search filters for adverse drug effects are 15 years old and other strategies have not been developed and tested empirically.Objective
To develop and validate search filters to retrieve evidence on adverse drug effects from Ovid medline and Ovid Embase.Methods
We identified systematic reviews of adverse drug effects in Epistemonikos. From these reviews, we collated their included studies which we then randomly divided into three tests and one validation set of records. We constructed a search strategy to maximise relative recall using word frequency analysis with test set one. This search strategy was then refined using test sets two and three and validated on the final set of records.Results
Of 107 systematic reviews which met our inclusion criteria, 1948 unique included studies were available from medline and 1980 from Embase. Generic adverse drug effects searches in medline and Embase achieved 90% and 89% relative recall, respectively. When specific adverse effects terms were added recall was improved.Conclusion
We have derived and validated search filters that retrieve around 90% of records with adverse drug effects data in medline and Embase. The addition of specific adverse effects terms is required to achieve higher recall. 相似文献16.
Vanessa Otero Joana V. Pinto Leslie Carlyle Márcia Vilarigues Marine Cotte 《文物保护研究》2017,62(3):123-149
The Winsor & NewtonTM (W&N) nineteenth century archive database includes digitised images of hand-written instructions and workshop notes for the manufacture of their artists’ materials. For the first time, all 183 production records for yellow lead chromate pigments were studied and evaluated. They revealed that W&N produced essentially three pigment types: lemon/pale based on mixed crystals of lead chromate and lead sulphate [Pb(Cr,S)O4]; middle on pure monoclinic lead chromate [PbCrO4]; and deep that contains the latter admixed with basic lead chromate [Pb2CrO5]; accounting for 53, 22, and 21% of the production, respectively. Production records for primrose (4%) were also included since the formulation results in mixed crystals with a high percentage of lead sulphate, which, according to the literature, leaves it more prone to degradation. Each pigment type is characterised by only one or two main synthetic pathways; process variations reveal a systematic and thorough search for a high-quality durable product. A comparison of the chemical composition of pigment reconstructions with early W&N oil paint tubes showed that their records entitled ‘pale’ and ‘lemon’ correlated with the pigment in their tube labelled chrome yellow and, ‘middle’ and ‘deep’ with the label chrome deep. Lemon and middle pigment formulations were made into oil paints to assess their relative photo-stability. The degradation process was followed by colorimetry and was studied by synchrotron radiation-based techniques. Based on the X-ray absorption spectroscopy data, the possibility for creating a stability index for chrome yellows is discussed. 相似文献
17.
18.
The writings of Yuk Hui, bringing together both technical and philosophical insights, present a new way of dealing with the digital. The aim of this article is to assess the use of Hui’s theories on digital objects as a critical reframing, looking at the concept of digital records in particular. Two types of ontology are needed in order to understand digital objects according to Hui: (1) ontologies which relates to the technical language and hierarchies of knowledge representation, like metadata; (2) Ontology, which is a question of being-in-the-tradition of Heidegger’s phenomenology, the understanding of what it is to be in the world. Both are needed to account for the nature of the digital object. Further, digital objects are produced and constituted through their relations, which can be divided into discursive (technical and logical) and existential (the understanding of being-in-the-world) relations. Different conceptions of digital records are discussed, in order to find commonalities and possibilities in relation to Hui’s theory. The digital record as a process of becoming, information as affordance, and temporality are related to and structured through the application of Hui’s perspective. The article ends with the contribution of a possible redefinition of digital records: a digital record is constituted and concretised as material by discursive and existential relations that taken together function as a persistent representation. Hui’s theory is suggested as a set of coordinates for further thinking and a method for critical reading of digital records.
相似文献19.
[目的/意义]潜在狄利克雷分布(Latent Dirichlet Allocation,LDA)在科技情报分析中用来发现学科主题、挖掘研究热点以及预测研究趋势等。对常见的科学文献文本语料库(关键词、摘要、关键词+摘要)进行LDA主题抽取效果的评价,以揭示不同语料库的主题抽取效果,提高LDA在科技情报分析中的应用效果。[方法/过程]对上述3种语料库下的LDA主题模型进行对比研究,采用基于查全率、查准率、F值以及信息熵的定量分析和基于主题抽取的广度和主题粒度的定性分析相结合的方法对主题抽取效果进行评价。[结果/结论]通过国内风能领域的科学文献数据实证研究发现,无论是从定量分析还是从定性分析来看,摘要和关键词+摘要作为语料的LDA主题抽取的效果均优于关键词作为语料的LDA主题抽取效果,并且前者在主题抽取的广度方面表现更好,而后者抽取的主题粒度更细。 相似文献
20.
Previous studies have shown that weeding a library collection benefits patrons and increases circulation rates. However, the time required to review the collection and make weeding decisions presents a formidable obstacle. This study empirically evaluated methods for automatically classifying weeding candidates. A data set containing 80,346 items from a large-scale weeding project running from 2011 to 2014 at Wesleyan University was used to train six machine learning classifiers to predict a weeding decision of either ‘Keep’ or ‘Weed’ for each candidate. The study found statistically significant agreement (p?=?0.001) between classifier predictions and librarian judgments for all classifier types. The naive Bayes and linear support vector machine classifiers had the highest recall (fraction of items weeded by librarians that were identified by the algorithm), while the k-nearest-neighbor classifier had the highest precision (fraction of recommended candidates that librarians had chosen to weed). The variables found to be most relevant were: librarian and faculty votes for retention, item age, and the presence of copies in other libraries. 相似文献