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1.
《Journal of Informetrics》2022,16(3):101313
Considerably little effort has been devoted to systematically exploring the landscape of government-funded innovation schemes, leaving policymakers and academics little empirical evidence with which to grasp the overall situation of national R&D funding strategies. In the United States (US), patents with a government right or financial interest are flagged, offering a window through which we can examine the landscape of today's patterns of government support for innovation. We conduct the examination from the perspectives of the leading government agencies, the promotor-recipient relationship, and the common concerns of different participants. The results show that the R&D project funding by federal agencies has, among other factors, contributed to the growth in the number of patent records. The Departments of Defense (DoD), Energy (DoE), and Health and Human Services (HHS), and the National Science Foundation (NSF) have issued the most funding and hold rights to more patent records than any other agencies. Moreover, reforms to the US patent system made 40 years ago to afford more protection to non-government assignees appear to have significantly impacted patenting activity. Universities, companies, and individuals have become far more active in fulfilling government-funded projects, with remarkable innovations as a result. In recent years, funding priorities have shifted toward research in biomedicine, fields related to human life, and computer science. However, the four dominant agencies responsible for most government funding differ in their investment priorities and frequently adjust which areas of innovation they support. This study is among the first attempts to support the landscape of the public-invested innovation using the full government-subsidized patent dataset. The analyses in this paper are instructive in understanding the dynamics of US government funding for innovation and informing effective policymaking around innovation. 相似文献
2.
《Journal of Informetrics》2014,8(1):111-122
The increasing costs of research and the decreasing lifetime of products and processes make the decisions on allocation of R&D funds strategically important. Therefore, ability to predict research trends is crucial in minimizing risks of R&D expenditure planning. The purpose of this paper is to propose a model for efficient prediction of research trends in a chosen branch of science. The approach is based on population dynamics with Burgers’ type global interaction and selective neighborhood. The model is estimated based on a training set. Then, an out-of-sample forecast is performed. The research trends of filtration and rectification processes were analyzed in this paper. The simulation results show that the model is able to predict the trends with a considerable accuracy and should, therefore, be tested on a wider range of research fields. 相似文献
3.
Various studies have been devoted to the evaluation of the research and development (R&D) performances of universities and research institutes. However, existing studies tend to focus on static systems, that is, systems with no intertemporal effect. To tackle this issue, this study attempts to assess relative R&D efficiency of institutes from a dynamic perspective. The unified two-stage model proposed by Kao (2017) made a contribution to combining division efficiencies in the multiplier form with frontier projections in the envelopment form in a unified framework. We develop his model in a dynamic framework into which the effects of carry-over activities are embedded across the period. If the dynamic effects in the efficiency measures are not considered, the results will be biased. This is one of the few studies to examine dynamic effects within the framework of the R&D process. Our analysis is based on samples of 17 research institutes in the Chinese Academy of Sciences over the period of 2012–2015. When compared with the proposed data envelope analysis (DEA) model, results show that the static DEA model may underestimate the R&D efficiency scores. The institutes experienced significant improvements in system efficiency, mainly due to the improvements in transfer efficiency. However, there is still much room for improvement in transferring scientific and technological (S&T) achievements. We also find that the resource scale played an important role in influencing basic research. Finally, the projections of inefficient institutes indicate that most institutes had insufficient carry-over inputs (newly approved projects and management cost) based on the average four-year values, and existing slack resources for managers to improve the future performance. 相似文献
4.
This study proposes a way of mapping open innovation research structure by quantitatively analyzing open innovation research papers retrieved from Web of Science database. A total of 130 papers are retrieved in this study and 62 papers which contain keywords are chosen for research structure visualization. Open innovation research networks are quantitatively investigated by combining network theory and keyword co-occurrence. Contour maps of open innovation are also created on the basis of networks for visualization. The networks and contour maps can be expressed differently by choosing different information as the main actors, such as the paper author, the institute, the country or the author-keywords, to reflect open innovation research structures in micro, meso, and macro-levels, respectively.The quantitative ways of exploring open innovation research structure are investigated to unveil important or emerging open innovation components as well as to demonstrate visualization of the structure of global open innovation research. The quantitative method provided in this project shows a possible way of visualizing and evaluating research community structure and thus a computerized calculation is possible for potential quantitative applications on open innovation research management, e.g. R&D resource allocation, research performance evaluation, and science map. 相似文献
5.
《Government Information Quarterly》2001,18(2):79-91
The Department of Energy’s (DOE) Scientific and Technical Information Program (STIP) has successfully reinvented the way in which DOE collects, organizes, archives, disseminates, and uses scientific and technical information in the performance of research and development (R&D). Through a suite of innovative Web-based products conceived and developed by the Department’s Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), information and resources resulting from the Department’s R&D activities, as well as worldwide information needed by the research community, are readily available to all users in a fully integrated E-Government environment. This suite of products is accessible publicly at <http://www.osti.gov>. 相似文献
6.
The Department of Energy's (DOE) scientific and technical information system, operational since the mid-1940s, is described as an example of the manner by which a large Federal R&D agency organizes, manages, and disseminates the information produced by its laboratories and contractor organizations. The role of the Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI) within the DOE R&D cycle and its place in the DOE information infrastructure are outlined. OSTI's activities, products, and services are described under the following headings: management and dissemination of DOE research results; access to worldwide information on energy R&D; information management and accountability systems; and information consulting and specialized services. 相似文献
7.
以皖江城市带九市一县一区与珠江三角洲九市作为研究对象,利用内生经济增长函数模型对两地区的科
技投入与经济产出进行实证分析,研究结果显示：皖江城市带地区应该强化企业科技研发的主体作用,加快建立以企
业为主体,政府宏观支持的科技研发布局,促进科技成果特别是政府与高校科研成果应用转化;珠江三角洲地区应该
进一步提高科技投入占GDP 的比重,使其与经济发展趋势相匹配,提高科技投入对经济增长的贡献。 相似文献
8.
阐述政府信息资源公益性开发的概念及内涵,在此基础上分析目前我国政府信息资源公益性开发面临的困境,主要体现在政府信息资源供给不足、开发资金供给不足、社会力量参与不够、政策法规不健全、开发效果有待完善等;并从信息资源、资金和政策法规三个角度为推进我国政府信息资源公益性开发构建一套保障机制。 相似文献
9.
《Government Information Quarterly》2005,22(3):411-422
This paper makes a case for the practicality of Roger's Innovation Diffusion theory. [Rogers, E. (1962). Diffusion of innovations. New York: The Free Press; Rogers, E. (1995). Diffusion of innovations. New York: The Free Press] By using Roger's Innovation Diffusion theory, the paper explores the innovation process from the development stage towards the diffusion stage (the stage of commercialization) of the two major research funding organizations in Thailand: the National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) and the Thailand Research Fund (TRF). Theoretical and empirical analysis are attempted, focusing on the relation between the management of research and development (R&D) projects and the level of innovation diffusion. The empirical results can help R&D managers manage the projects to contribute to technological development in industry. 相似文献
10.
In this paper we use scale-independent indicators to explore the performance of the Chinese innovation system from an economic and from a science and technology point of view, and compare it with 21 other nations. Some important developments in the Chinese innovation system, hidden by rankings by conventional performance indicators, were revealed. We find that gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) & gross domestic product (GDP) and GDP & POP (population) all exhibit strong ‘Matthew effects’, measured by their scaling factors. This means that the Chinese R&D intensity (GERD/GDP) and national wealth (GDP per capita) are growing significantly with the increase of the GDP. Also pairs such as citations & papers, papers & GDP, citations & GDP, and paper & GERD exhibit these ‘Matthew effects’. This observation points to the fact that in China scientific outputs and impacts are growing faster than economic growth and research investment. However, according to another scale-independent indicator, namely the adjusted relative citation impact (ARCI), China ranks on the bottom of the list, but the growth rate of the ARCI is the highest among these countries (comparing the periods 1995–1999 and 2001–2005). To sum up, we interpret these findings to mean that the scientific outputs and impacts of China show a real tendency of catching up with its economic growth. It is expected that with an increase of its GDP and R&D intensity China will show a sustained increase in indicators related to science and technology. Similarly, there are very strong ‘Matthew effects’ between the outputs of technology (patents) and economic growth and research investment. This means that the outputs of technology are expected to increase considerably with an increase of GDP and R&D expenditure. Furthermore, in the Chinese innovation system the government intramural expenditure on R&D (GOVERD) has a stronger non-linear impact on patent productivity than business enterprise expenditure on R&D (BERD). This shows that in China research institutions financed by the government play a more important role than enterprises. 相似文献
11.
利用2000 年到2010 年的统计数据,分析辽宁省科技资源的配置状况,认为辽宁省的科技资源在总体质
量、总体数量、增长率以及科技资源的资源共享平台等方面存在较大的问题,应该在科技资源的市场化配置模式、科
技资源的共享平台构建、构建官产学研R&D联盟等几个层面加以改进,进而促进辽宁科技水平的提升。 相似文献
12.
《Government Information Quarterly》1998,15(2):157-172
Federally-funded research and development (R&D) represents a significant annual investment (approximately $79 billion in fiscal year 1996) on the part of U.S. taxpayers. Based on the results of a 10-year study of knowledge diffusion in the U.S. aerospace industry, the authors take the position that U.S. competitiveness will be enhanced if knowledge management strategies, employed within a capability-enhancing U.S. technology policy framework, are applied to diffusing the results of federally-funded R&D. In making their case, the authors stress the importance of knowledge as the source of competitive advantage in today's global economy. Next, they offer a practice-based definition of knowledge management and discuss three current approaches to knowledge management implementation—mechanistic, “the learning organization,” and systemic. The authors then examine three weaknesses in existing U.S. public policy and policy implementation—the dominance of knowledge creation, the need for diffusion-oriented technology policy, and the prevalence of a dissemination model—that affect diffusion of the results of federally-funded R&D. To address these shortcomings, they propose the development of a knowledge management framework for diffusing the results of federally-funded R&D. The article closes with a discussion of some issues and challenges associated with implementing a knowledge management framework for diffusing the results of federally-funded R&D. 相似文献
13.
O. V. Syuntyurenko 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2017,44(3):159-169
This paper reveals and analyses the causes and factors (determinants) that are responsible for insufficient and ineffective use of the national and global flows of scientific and technical information (STI) in research and development (R & D). It is shown that the macroproblem of minimizing the effect of the determinants that are responsible for ineffective use of scientific information resources is complex and has an interdisciplinary nature. This paper also formulates some priority measures to improve the effectiveness of R & D information support. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Informetrics》2023,17(1):101354
Beyond 5G (B5G) in mobile network technologies is the latest communication technology currently under development. B5G is expected to achieve superior capabilities in ultra-high network transmission speed, low latency, low energy consumption, and high coverage, comparing to current 5G network performance. Although B5G is still in the development and implementation stage, there are many patents and non-patent literature depicting B5G innovative technologies and applications. The landscapes of B5G technologies are great references for governments and industries to understand the advances in mobile communication for R&D strategies. Thus, this research focuses on developing a formal tech-mining workflow integrating semantic-based patent and non-patent literature analysis for ontology building, patent technological topic clustering, and graph convolutional network (GCN) modeling for depicting key technology interactions among clusters of sub-domain topics. This research emphasizes the study of B5G patent landscape and key technology interaction roadmap in comprehensive steps as a valuable reference for B5G mobile network R&D, as well as for conducting tech-mining of other technology domains of interests. 相似文献
15.
Basic research is the main powerhouse of a country’s potential for continuous economic growth, and national-level scientific research funding is an important source of capital that supports this basic research. Given these observations, this paper takes micro-level data from projects funded by the Department of Management Sciences in the National Natural Science Foundation of China between 2006 and 2010 to examine the relationship between the efficient use of research funding and the level of concentrated funding in certain research institutions. In contrast to the positive externalities produced by the concentration of R&D activities, our study finds that the accumulation of scientific research funding at the institution level is negative correlated with the knowledge output of the principal investigators of projects within the research institution. We explore the sources of the negative correlation and discuss some policy implications. 相似文献
16.
应用系统动力学方法对产学研研发合作中的信息资源配置演化机理进行定性与定量研究,构建系统动力学模型,并利用该模型对我国2010-2025年产学研研发合作中的信息资源配置情况进行模拟仿真,根据仿真结果提出信息资源优化配置方案,以此提高研发合作中信息资源的投入-产出效益。 相似文献
17.
建设安徽省公共研发平台是提升安徽省科技创新能力的一个重大举措,有利于提高区域自主研发水平,实
现科技资源的社会化共享。文章分析了安徽省公共研发平台建设现状、面临的问题,并提出建设的思路和对策。 相似文献
18.
对生物产业中R&D人员投入与产业发展的关系进行了实证分析。面板协整检验结果表明,生物产业中产
业发展与R&D人员具有长期的均衡关系;从变系数模型参数估计可以看出,R&D人员对生物产业发展有着正向的效
应;Granger 因果检验显示,在滞后1 期和2 期的时候,东部和中部地区生物产业发展是R&D人员的单向Granger 原因,
西部地区在滞后各期时,产业发展与R&D人员之间都不存在Granger 因果关系。 相似文献
19.
? 现代科技馆体系发展“ 十四五” 规划(2021—2025 年) ? 高度重视实体科技馆建设、对科技馆展览创新提出高质量发展要求? 具有非常重要的指导意义和现实作用? 以广东科学中心展览研发创新实践为例? 从联合社会力量、建立研发机制、探索跨界融合、健全创新发展四个方面探讨科技馆展览展品研发高质量创新发展的新途径? 相似文献
20.
This study investigates the trend of global concentration in scientific research and technological innovation around the world. It accepts papers and patents as appropriate data for revealing the development and status of science and technology respectively. The performance of these outputs in production and citation impact is taken into consideration in the analysis. The findings suggest that both papers and patents are geographically concentrated on a small number of countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, and France. China has made great progress in paper production and citation impact, and Taiwan and Korea have experienced a rapid growth in patents over the past years. The degree of concentration dramatically decreases when the data from the United States are excluded, indicating the effects of the U.S.’s participation on the concentration. Patents show a higher degree of concentration than papers. With time-varying aspects taken into consideration, the study indicates that the degree of concentration of papers and patents has gradually decreased over time. The concentration of patents has declined more slowly than that of papers. This decrease of the concentration is mainly due to the reduction of the predominant role of the U.S. in world R&D output. 相似文献