共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Thomas E. Pinelli Rebecca O. Barclay John M. Kennedy 《Publishing Research Quarterly》1997,13(2):48-68
The U.S. government technical report is a primary means by which the results of federally funded research and development
(R&D) are transferred to the U.S. aerospace industry. However, little is known about this information product in terms of
its actual use, importance, and value in the transfer of federally funded R&D. Little is also known about the intermediary-based
system that is used to transfer the results of federally funded R&D to the U.S. aerospace industry. To help establish a body
of knowledge, the U.S. government technical report is being investigated as part of the NASA/DoD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project. In this article, we summarize the literature on the U.S. government technical report and present the results of a survey
of U.S. aerospace engineers and scientists that solicited their opinions concerning the format of NASA Langley Research Center
(LaRC)-authored technical reports. To learn more about the preferences of U.S. aerospace engineers and scientists concerning
the format of NASA LaRC-authored technical reports, we surveyed 133 report producers (i.e., authors) and 137 report users
in March–April 1996. Questions covered such topics as: (a) the order in which report components are read; (b) components used
to determine if a report would be read; (c) those components that could be deleted; (d) the placement of such components as
the symbols list; (e) the desirability of a table of contents; (f) the format of reference citations; (g) column layout and
right margin treatment; and (h) writing style in terms of person and voice. Mail (self-reported) surveys were used to collect
the data. The response rates for report producers (i.e., authors) was 68% and for users, was 62%. 相似文献
2.
段黎萍 《中国科技资源导刊 (中国信息导报)》2013,(4):33-39
美国国立实验室和实验基地承担着国防、能源、航空航天、卫生健康,农业等领域的重要研发任务。长
期以来,美国联邦政府对这些实验室的管理形成了一套规范的办法,特别是在其经费管理方面具有独到的方法,从而
保障了国立实验室的有效运行。美国的这些方法对我国的研发经费管理很有借鉴意义。 相似文献
3.
Various studies have been devoted to the evaluation of the research and development (R&D) performances of universities and research institutes. However, existing studies tend to focus on static systems, that is, systems with no intertemporal effect. To tackle this issue, this study attempts to assess relative R&D efficiency of institutes from a dynamic perspective. The unified two-stage model proposed by Kao (2017) made a contribution to combining division efficiencies in the multiplier form with frontier projections in the envelopment form in a unified framework. We develop his model in a dynamic framework into which the effects of carry-over activities are embedded across the period. If the dynamic effects in the efficiency measures are not considered, the results will be biased. This is one of the few studies to examine dynamic effects within the framework of the R&D process. Our analysis is based on samples of 17 research institutes in the Chinese Academy of Sciences over the period of 2012–2015. When compared with the proposed data envelope analysis (DEA) model, results show that the static DEA model may underestimate the R&D efficiency scores. The institutes experienced significant improvements in system efficiency, mainly due to the improvements in transfer efficiency. However, there is still much room for improvement in transferring scientific and technological (S&T) achievements. We also find that the resource scale played an important role in influencing basic research. Finally, the projections of inefficient institutes indicate that most institutes had insufficient carry-over inputs (newly approved projects and management cost) based on the average four-year values, and existing slack resources for managers to improve the future performance. 相似文献
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《Government Information Quarterly》2005,22(3):411-422
This paper makes a case for the practicality of Roger's Innovation Diffusion theory. [Rogers, E. (1962). Diffusion of innovations. New York: The Free Press; Rogers, E. (1995). Diffusion of innovations. New York: The Free Press] By using Roger's Innovation Diffusion theory, the paper explores the innovation process from the development stage towards the diffusion stage (the stage of commercialization) of the two major research funding organizations in Thailand: the National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) and the Thailand Research Fund (TRF). Theoretical and empirical analysis are attempted, focusing on the relation between the management of research and development (R&D) projects and the level of innovation diffusion. The empirical results can help R&D managers manage the projects to contribute to technological development in industry. 相似文献
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以著名中文搜索引擎企业百度为例,对搜索引擎企业技术创新风险进行实证研究。主要从百度技术创新面临的风险类型入手,分为政策风险、市场风险、研发风险、模式风险和资金风险,通过对不同的类型风险的分析及研究,有针对性地提出搜索引擎企业在技术创新风险规避方面应该采取的措施,以期对这类企业的技术创新管理起到指导作用。 相似文献
9.
应用系统动力学方法对产学研研发合作中的信息资源配置演化机理进行定性与定量研究,构建系统动力学模型,并利用该模型对我国2010-2025年产学研研发合作中的信息资源配置情况进行模拟仿真,根据仿真结果提出信息资源优化配置方案,以此提高研发合作中信息资源的投入-产出效益。 相似文献
10.
This study investigates the trend of global concentration in scientific research and technological innovation around the world. It accepts papers and patents as appropriate data for revealing the development and status of science and technology respectively. The performance of these outputs in production and citation impact is taken into consideration in the analysis. The findings suggest that both papers and patents are geographically concentrated on a small number of countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, and France. China has made great progress in paper production and citation impact, and Taiwan and Korea have experienced a rapid growth in patents over the past years. The degree of concentration dramatically decreases when the data from the United States are excluded, indicating the effects of the U.S.’s participation on the concentration. Patents show a higher degree of concentration than papers. With time-varying aspects taken into consideration, the study indicates that the degree of concentration of papers and patents has gradually decreased over time. The concentration of patents has declined more slowly than that of papers. This decrease of the concentration is mainly due to the reduction of the predominant role of the U.S. in world R&D output. 相似文献
11.
As technological convergence has recently become a mainstream innovation trend, technological opportunities need to be explored in heterogeneous technology fields. Most of the previous convergence studies have taken a retrospective view in measuring the degree of convergence and monitoring the converging trends. This paper proposes a quantitative future-oriented approach to technological opportunity discovery for convergence using patent information. In a future-oriented approach, technological opportunities for convergence are suggested by predicting potential technological knowledge flows (TKFs) between heterogeneous fields. The potential TKFs are predicted by a link prediction method in a directed network, which is suggested in this paper to represent the direction of the predicted TKFs by adapting the concept of bibliographic coupling and edge-betweenness centrality. Converging technological opportunities are proposed as incremental and radical technological opportunities by extracting the potential increased knowledge flow links and emerging knowledge flow links. Moreover, the direction and themes of the predicted potential TKFs are provided as technological opportunities for convergence. As an illustration of the proposed method, the technological opportunities between biotechnology (BT) and information technology (IT) are explored. Firms and researchers can use the proposed method to seek out new technological opportunities from various technologies so that R&D policymakers can plan new R&D projects on technological convergence. 相似文献
12.
我国粮种技术的专利风险评价体系及预警机制构建初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的/意义]种子是粮食安全的根基,是农业技术的“芯片”,专利是粮种技术知识产权保护的重要形式。在国际粮食生产和贸易形势发生重大变革的环境下,建立我国粮种技术专利风险防范和预警机制的重要性凸显。[方法/过程]通过专家访谈、文献调研和数据检索分析,梳理了粮种技术的技术点及其专利IPC类别,探析了全球粮种技术的专利竞争总体态势。[结果/结论]从国家粮食安全的视角,基于我国创新实践的“专利组合管理—研发规划决策—自主创新能力”理论分析框架,分析粮种技术的专利风险维度,建立了专利风险评价的指标体系,探讨粮种技术专利预警机制的构建路径,提出推进专利预警工作的举措和建议。 相似文献
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分析与知识管理实施相关的热点,提出知识管理实施的理论框架,认为知识管理的实施应在信息技术的支撑下,吸收系统工程的理论和成果作为实施的指导思想;引入知识工程的方法和工具用于实施过程的管理;认为采用实践社团的组织形式将使知识真正变成企业的财富。 相似文献
14.
围绕信息资源规划,将为电动汽车研发管理决策提供支持的多源数据作为研究对象,借鉴Zachman框架思
路和企业架构（EA）规划方法,分析电动汽车研发管理决策支持的业务环境,提出统一的电动汽车决策支持业务框架和
数据框架,最后针对电动汽车技术规划的研发基础环节,对数据框架如何支撑决策活动、开展数据管理进行应用示例。 相似文献
15.
This study analyzes the Triple Helix (TH) structure of an online national food cluster. Although the university–industry–government (UIG) approach provides useful insights into innovation and its diffusion, few studies have examined how such systems are organized and operate in cyberspace. Foodpolis is an export-oriented national food cluster targeting markets in Northeast Asia, including China and Japan. Foodpolis encompasses national food industry complexes and government-led agricultural and food R&D institutes whose goal is to advance food-processing technologies. This study employs the webometric analysis method to reveal the communication pattern of interactions between participating actors. The study evaluates web mentions and hyperlink networks to investigate links to and from the website of Foodpolis (Foodpolis.kr) by using the NodeXL software package. The results for links to and from Foodpolis do not indicate sufficient interactions between UIG websites and Twitter accounts. Instead, the website and Twitter account of Foodpolis were linked to its own online café, websites of individuals, and government websites. The results suggest that UIG actors should employ online communication channels in a more proactive manner for diffusing innovative initiatives such as Foodpolis. 相似文献
16.
Leo A. Wrobel Daniel D. Briere Jagdish Sheth Garly Frazier Massoud Saghafi Ashok K. Gupta 《Communication Booknotes Quarterly》2013,44(2)
DISASTER RECOVERY PLANNING FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS by Leo A. Wrobel (Boston: Artech House, 1990—price not given, ISBN 0-89006-460-1,112 pp.) LONG DISTANCE SERVICES: A BUYER'S GUIDE by Daniel D. Briere (Boston: Artech House, 1990—price not given, ISBN 0-89006-439-3,293 pp.) ADVANCES IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS MANAGEMENT edited by Jagdish Sheth and Garly Frazier (Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1990—$63.50 each, ISBN as listed below) MANAGING THE R&D/MARKETING INTERFACE FOR PRODUCT SUCCESS: THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS FOCUS edited by Massoud Saghafi and Ashok K. Gupta (1990—ISBN 1-55938-144-2,218 pp.) PURCHASING IN THE 1990S: THE EVOLUTION OF PROCUREMENT IN THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY edited by Wesley J. Johnston (1990—ISBN 1-55938-145-0,257 pp.) 相似文献
17.
《Journal of Informetrics》2023,17(1):101354
Beyond 5G (B5G) in mobile network technologies is the latest communication technology currently under development. B5G is expected to achieve superior capabilities in ultra-high network transmission speed, low latency, low energy consumption, and high coverage, comparing to current 5G network performance. Although B5G is still in the development and implementation stage, there are many patents and non-patent literature depicting B5G innovative technologies and applications. The landscapes of B5G technologies are great references for governments and industries to understand the advances in mobile communication for R&D strategies. Thus, this research focuses on developing a formal tech-mining workflow integrating semantic-based patent and non-patent literature analysis for ontology building, patent technological topic clustering, and graph convolutional network (GCN) modeling for depicting key technology interactions among clusters of sub-domain topics. This research emphasizes the study of B5G patent landscape and key technology interaction roadmap in comprehensive steps as a valuable reference for B5G mobile network R&D, as well as for conducting tech-mining of other technology domains of interests. 相似文献
18.
The study of management of innovation is crucial to media management research, helping explain how technology diffusion affects the communication industry and providing a glimpse into its future. This meta-analysis looks at the recent history of mass communication scholarship (1983–2008), addressing newsroom changes to determine whether a mainstream managerial theory—sociotechnical literature—garners adequate use. The researchers discovered numerous references—mostly indirect—to sociotechnical systems (STS) theory, yet found sporadic use of a true managerial emphasis as expressed through the analysis of STS theory's principles- and frames-specific theoretical framework. Implications of the findings and future, alternative directions for research are proposed. 相似文献
19.
通过结合企业研究院的实际,将战略管理理论运用到企业研究院创新与发展中,构建企业研究院战略管理
模型和企业研究院创新与发展的能力成熟度模型,以实现对本企业所要进行的战略管理的分析、规划、实施、评价与
改进,并运用能力成熟度理论对战略管理的能力水平进行划分、评价和提升。实践证明,文章所提出的基于能力成熟
度的企业研究院创新与发展战略方法,对于企业研究院有着良好的适应性,节约了管理成本,提高了企业竞争力。 相似文献
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The issues of collaboration between the CIS member states in the field of the interstate scientific and technical information exchange are explored. Various formats of cooperation, including interstate cooperation programs, provision of information and legal support, and the implementation of joint R&D projects are explored. Based on the results of the study, it is proposed to develop an electronic analytical system, a model applied to monitor and control the processes related to the design and implementation of joint scientific and technological projects by the CIS member states. The structured analytical data collected through the monitoring of joint coordinated requests for proposals (RFPs) and scientific and technological projects will support the adaptation of the CIS Economic Council, the CIS Executive Committee, and national authorities to the modern context based on the coordination of the respective scientific and technological policies in the framework of national state programs. Further improvement and greater effectiveness of the CIS collaboration is a priority for the Russian chairmanship of the CIS in 2017. 相似文献